采用变时域模型预测的车辆路径跟踪控制方法

为了解决自动驾驶车辆变速行驶时模型预测路径跟踪控制器的可靠性问题,提出一种变预测时域自适应路径跟踪控制方法.首先,推导简化后适用于仿真验证的车辆三自由度动力学模型,引入松弛因子以避免求解过程中出现非可行解,并将跟踪控制转化为二次规划求解问题;然后,确定模型预测控制器的重要设计参数,分析车速和预测时域的变化关系,拟合预测时域与车速的函数曲线,设计一种变时域自适应路径跟踪控制器;最后,搭建Carsim/Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台进行验证.结果表明:变时域自适应路径跟踪控制器能够随着车速变化实时更新预测时域,可保证车辆具有较好的跟踪精度和稳定性.     

基于变预测时域的电动汽车轨迹跟踪控制

针对在不同车速下由于车辆动力学参数改变导致轨迹跟踪的误差变大的问题,研究电动汽车自适应性轨迹跟踪控制器设计.首先,基于模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)设计轨迹跟踪控制器,对比分析不同车速下不同预测时域对轨迹跟踪的影响;其次,通过仿真结果,发现不同车速下采用恒定预测时域,轨迹跟踪在不同速度下自适应性变差,易产生较大的跟踪误差;最后,设计了基于车速变化的变预测时域轨迹跟踪控制器.CarSim/MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,改进后的轨迹跟踪控制器在不同车速下轨迹跟踪具有良好的控制精度和稳定性.     

基于自适应模型预测控制的拖拉机路径跟踪研究

自主化作业的拖拉机由于作业速度和跟踪路径曲率的不断变化,基于固定参数模型预测控制的路径跟踪器不能达到理想效果.为提高控制器的自适应性,提出基于改进粒子群优化的自适应模型预测控制算法.该算法将作业场景与粒子群算法相结合,对模型预测控制中的预测时域进行自适应调整,当作业场景发生改变时,则用粒子群优化算法选取理想预测时域参数.为提高粒子群优化算法的寻优效果,采用分段函数的方式对惯性权重进行改进.以东方红-X1304拖拉机为研究对象,对作业速度为1、2m/s和变速,跟踪路径为直线和曲线等情况进行仿真实验,并对比分析基于固定预测时域和自适应预测时域的控制器.结果表明,相对于基于三个固定时域的控制器,基于自适应预测时域控制器的跟踪精度和收敛速度分别提高了2％～44％和2％～71％.     

基于自适应MPC的无人驾驶车辆轨迹跟踪控制

根据自适应模型预测控制相关原理,设计一种无人驾驶车辆的轨迹跟踪控制策略.基于车辆动力学模型,建立轨迹跟踪控制器,并设计目标函数与相关约束,利用自适应MPC(model predictive control)控制算法对其进行求解.在每一个控制时刻工作点,不断更新卡尔曼状态估计器相关增益系数矩阵以及控制器的状态来适应无人驾驶车辆当前的工作环境,以此补偿车辆的非线性以及状态测量噪声带来的影响.在MATLAB中搭建仿真模型并进行仿真验证,得出自适应MPC对于无人驾驶车辆的轨迹跟踪拥有较好的控制精度与鲁棒性,验证了该算法应用在轨迹跟踪控制层的有效性,为轨迹跟踪控制的研究提供了参考.     

航空发动机模糊自适应广义预测解耦控制

为克服航空发动机控制回路间的耦合作用,针对具有不确定大时延的航空发动机分布式控制系统,提出了一类模糊自适应广义预测解耦控制算法.利用发动机非线性模型的输入输出数据对模糊自适应推理网络进行离线训练,网络的前提参数训练后固定,后件参数则可在线调整以使网络能更好地逼近实际系统.将模糊自适应推理网络作为广义预测控制器的预测模型,可以省去常规广义预测控制器的反馈校正机构.仿真表明:当参考轨迹为阶跃信号、斜坡信号时,所设计的控制器均具有良好的动态跟踪特性和解耦特性,当时延发生变化时,系统输出仍然能稳定地跟踪参考轨迹,说明该控制器对时延不敏感,鲁棒性强.     

双舵轮自动导引车轨迹追踪控制算法

为提高双舵轮自动导引车(automated guided vehicle, AGV)轨迹跟踪控制性能,设计了基于模型预测控制的轨迹跟踪控制器。以双舵轮自动导引车为研究对象,首先建立自动导引车运动学模型,求得车体转弯半径,并重点分析双舵轮自动导引车转向优势;然后,对双舵轮导引车建立了基于模型预测控制的轨迹跟踪模型,并考虑车体运动性能指标及各类约束,最后通过仿真实验验证了模型预测控制算法用于双舵轮自动导引车的可行性,且分析了控制时域权重和预测时域长度两项模型参数对系统性能的影响;与基于比例-积分-微分轨迹跟踪控制器的自动导引车进行轨迹跟踪对比仿真实验。最终实验表明,采用该模型预测控制器可以满足各类约束条件,高效精准完成对连续大曲率目标路径的有效跟踪,同时具有较高的实时性和鲁棒性。     

考虑绕障时耗的四轮全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

为保证移动机器人动态环境下的运行安全性,须结合轨迹重规划实现实时绕障;针对路径重规划会带来额外的计算负担、难以保证控制系统实时性的问题,为实现高效高精移动机器人运动控制,提出考虑绕障时耗的四轮全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制器．首先,将参考曲率引入四轮全向移动机器人的跟随误差模型,对控制时域和预测时域进行动态优化,提高弯曲复杂路径的跟踪精度;在此基础上,分析控制时域与重规划时耗的映射关联,设计自适应步长的调节策略,提升绕障模式下的控制实时性．测试结果表明：与比例-微分(PD)控制和传统滚动时域控制相比,所提出算法考虑绕障过程的跟踪控制性能更好,实时性更优．     

智能车辆轨迹跟踪控制方法研究

针对智能车辆的轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种可以调节参数的智能车辆轨迹跟踪控制方法.首先,设计了模糊控制器对智能车辆进行路径跟踪控制;其次,为了提高车辆在高速下的路径跟踪效果,设计模型预测控制器,并结合轮胎的动力学特性及车辆动态特性对轮胎侧偏角、质心侧偏角等进行约束;然后,为了提高车辆在不同工况下的路径跟踪效果,进一步设计了基于PSO算法的模型预测控制器.比较三种控制器的控制效果,选择典型工况在联合仿真平台上进行仿真.结果表明,提出的智能车辆的轨迹跟踪控制方法可以有效地对车辆轨迹进行跟踪.     

基于滑模PID的微型旋翼飞行器轨迹跟踪控制

针对微型旋翼飞行器的轨迹跟踪精度不高的问题, 提出一种基于自适应调节PID（Proportion Integration Differentiation）增益的滑模控制器。基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论, 通过自适应律在线调节PID控制增益参数, 设计饱和函数抑制滑模控制器的高频抖振, 以实现轨迹跟踪误差系统对模型参数变化和外部扰动的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明, 该控制器能驱动旋翼飞行器精确跟踪期望的轨迹, 具有较高的控制精度, 能满足实际工程应用的要求。     

液压挖掘机自适应模糊滑模控制的研究与仿真

为了解决滑模控制中的抖振问题,设计了自适应模糊滑模变结构控制器.为了使滑模控制的等效控制不依赖于挖掘机工作装置的精确数学模型,引入自适应模糊控制连续逼近等效控制器,增强对不确定性控制系统的鲁棒性,并将其用于液压挖掘机工作装置的轨迹跟踪控制.控制规则包括等效控制、切换控制和调整控制三个部分.在Matlab7.4/Simulink环境下对自适应模糊滑模控制进行了挖掘轨迹的跟踪仿真,给出了跟踪性能及控制输入.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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