均匀设计法优化2-二甲胺甲基环己酮的合成

以均匀设计法安排实验,采用Mannich反应合成了镇痛药盐酸曲马多的重要中间体———2-二甲胺甲基环己酮。实验结果通过回归分析、蒙特卡罗模拟,得出最佳反应条件:环己酮、聚甲醛、二甲胺盐酸盐配料摩尔比为2.1∶1∶1,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为2.7 h,收率达到75.1%.并通过红外光谱、核磁共振光谱对产品进行了定性分析。     

大孔树脂负载金属离子催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇

首次研究了大孔树脂(NKA-9)负载Ce(SO4)2用于催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇．通过正交试验，考查了各因素对该反应的影响，并得出该催化剂催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇的最佳条件为n(乙二醇)：n(环己酮)=3：2，带水剂苯与反应物的体积比为2：5，催化剂用量为反应物质量的3％，回流反应时间为0．75h，所得环己酮缩乙二醇的收率为89．6％．     

固载杂多酸PW12/C催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

用固载杂多酸PW12／C催化合成了香料环己酮乙二醇缩酮．研究了酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间．反应温度等因素对产品收率的影响％实验表明：同载磷钨酸是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的优良催化剂。13(环己酮)：n(乙二醇)为1：1．5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．8％．苯作带水剂，控温110℃左右，反应时间为40min的条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达89．6％。催化剂重复使用四次．收率均在80％以上。     

稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce（Ⅳ）催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)，并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响．实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(酮)=1：1.5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85．7％．     

有机锡催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇

以环已烷为溶剂和带水剂,有机锡为催化剂,催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇。考察了各种因素对反应的影响。实验确定了优化反应条件为：n（乙二醇）：n（环己酮）=1：1．2,催化剂用量为2．0％（以环己酮和乙二醇总质量计）,反应回流时间1．5h,反应温度80℃,其收率达85．43％．     

H4SiW12O40／SiO2高效催化一锅法合成2-（1-苯胺基）苯甲基-环己酮

目的合成2-(1-苯胺基)苯甲基-环己酮。方法在室温条件下,采用溶胶凝胶法合成H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2催化剂,高效催化环己酮、苯甲醛和苯胺的Mannich反应合成2-(1-苯胺基)苯甲基-环己酮。结果在n(苯甲醛):n(环己酮):n(苯胺)=1.0∶1.8∶1.8,反应温度为20℃,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的10%,反应时间为23h的最佳条件下,2-(1-苯胺基)苯甲基-环己酮的收率可达77.5%。结论 H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2是合成2-(1-苯胺基)苯甲基-环己酮的优良催化剂,整个反应体系具有条件温和、操作简单、对环境友好和催化剂可重复回收利用等优点。     

固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-WO3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨了SO4^2-/TiO2-WO33对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比，催化剂用量，反应时问诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(醇)=1：2．0，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．25％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85．8％。     

红枣多糖的提取及其美拉德反应型香料的研究

以红枣为原料,对微波辅助法提取红枣多糖的工艺条件参数进行了研究,通过正交试验确定了红枣多糖的最佳提取工艺条件：料液比（g：mL）=1：20,温度80℃,微波提取时间1h,红枣多糖提取率最高可达3．1％．同时,将提取出来的红枣粗多糖用2％的盐酸水解后,直接与氨基酸进行美拉德反应,制备出棕色的具有芝麻酱香味的反应型香料物质．研究了反应温度、反应时间、pH值以及氨基酸和多糖的质量比等条件对制备出来的香味物质的影响,得出其最佳反应条件为：反应温度110℃,pH值8．5,反应时间2．5h,多糖与氨基酸的质量比=1：2．在该条件下制备出来的香味物质产量高、香气浓郁．     

硝酸铁催化氧化环已醇制备环已酮研究

文章研究了Fe（NO3）3体系催化氧化环己醇直接合成环已酮的反应,实验得出环已醇的转化率为90．4％～95．1％,环己酮产率为64．6％～67．8％,反应最佳条件是：V环已醇：V硝酸铁为2：1,反应温度为60-70℃,反应时间为70min。     

高锰酸钾改性煤基活性炭催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以高锰酸钾改性煤基活性炭为催化剂合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，并获得了较好的合成条件，即n（环己酮）；n（乙二醇）=1：1．5，催化剂用量为总反应物料质量的3．3％（环己酮质量的6．5％），以8．0mL环己烷为带水剂，反应时间为2．5h，产率为89．6％．实验结果表明，该催化剂容易获得，可回收使用。具有较高的催化活性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has