红土镍矿含碳球团还原富集镍铁

采用碳还原-磁选分离-熔炼工艺制备了镍铁合金.考察了在碳还原过程中添加剂的用量、还原温度、还原时间对镍铁的富集的影响.在添加剂和配碳量(质量分数)分别为5%和3%,还原温度1 320℃和还原时间为120min的条件下,磁性产物中镍、铁质量分数分别达到8.31%和71.5%,回收率达到95.44%和99.84%.熔炼后得到镍、铁质量分数分别为10.11%和83.75%的镍铁合金.对有、无添加剂所得还原产物的形态分析表明,自制添加剂对镍铁合金生长具有促进作用.     

从低品位红土镍矿中高效回收镍铁

以低品位红土镍矿(w(Ni)=1.52%,w(Fe)=14.08%)为原料,采用一步还原焙烧-磁选工艺制取镍铁合金。考察反应温度、反应时间、还原煤量和复合添加剂对红土镍矿焙烧效果的影响。研究结果表明:在还原煤为20%、复合添加剂为12%、焙烧温度为1 200℃、通N2保护条件下焙烧180 min,原矿中的大部分氧化镍和少量氧化铁得到选择性还原;焙砂水淬急冷后常规磁选,得到Ni质量分数为10.74%,Fe与Ni的质量分数之比为4.5,Ni回收率为86.23%的镍铁精矿,达到从红土镍矿中高效回收镍铁的目的。     

红土镍矿选择性还原焙烧过程中的相变转化

针对传统选矿方法难以回收低品位红土镍矿中有价金属镍的问题,采用选择性还原焙烧法研究了不同焙烧温度以及不同焙烧时间条件下红土镍矿(Ni品位为1.49％)中发生的微观结构变化以及相变转化.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜及X射线能谱分析等测试手段分析表明,在不同焙烧温度及不同时间条件下经选择性还原后的红土镍矿中,镍氧化物逐渐被还原成镍铁合金相,铁氧化物主要转变成浮氏体相,硅酸盐主要以橄榄石形式存在.最后通过还原焙烧磁选试验证实,还原剂为烟煤,添加剂为NCS,两者用量分别为原矿质量的2％和7％,在1200℃条件下焙烧50 min,磁选分离得到镍铁产品中镍品位为9.78％,镍的回收率为92.06％,镍铁回收率差为62.51％,实现了红土镍矿中镍铁的选择性还原.     

硫代硫酸钠在红土镍矿还原焙烧-磁选工艺中的作用

以硫代硫酸钠作为添加剂,用于红土镍矿还原焙烧-磁选工艺。研究发现,该添加剂兼具碱金属盐及硫化剂的作用。在焙烧过程中,硫代硫酸钠中的碱金属离子将硅酸盐相中的镍离子置换出来;硫代硫酸钠中的S在还原阶段与铁氧化物高温下生成Fe-Ni-S相,并以液态的形式实现对镍铁的富集,而没有磁性的FeS在后续的磁选分离中得以抛除,又实现对镍的分选。对还原焙烧及磁选工艺条件进行了考察,结果表明:还原温度为1 100℃,还原时间60min,还原气CO与CO2体积比为8/2,添加剂质量分数20%,磁场强度0.15T,磨矿时间1.0min时,精矿镍品位及回收率分别从最初的2.58%、41.66%增加至7.62%、64.83%,而镍铁回收率差可达47.10%,达到了镍的富集及分选的目的。     

低品位红土镍矿制备镍精矿的试验研究

对某低品位腐殖土型红土镍矿(镍和铁质量分数分别为1.01%和15.72%)进行压块—还原焙烧—磁选试验,研究还原温度、还原时间、复合添加剂用量和预热温度对镍和铁回收效果的影响。研究结果表明:在碱度(即CaO与SiO2质量比)为0.2、复合添加剂质量分数为14%、预热温度为900℃、预热时间为15 min、还原温度为1 250℃、还原时间为35 min、煤与矿质量比为2.7、磨矿细度小于0.074 mm的质量分数为(95±4)%、磁选磁场强度为131.34 kA/m的条件下,获得镍和铁品位分别为4.22%和69.75%的镍精矿,镍和铁回收率分别为92.22%和85.73%;适宜的预热制度有利于团块中镍、铁的富集;复合添加剂促进了镍铁晶粒的聚集、长大,提高了镍、铁回收效果。     

红土镍矿深度还原-磁选富集镍铁实验研究

采用深度还原-磁选工艺,以煤粉为还原剂,添加氧化钙作助溶剂,在微熔化,不完全造渣的条件下,将矿石中镍和铁的氧化物还原成金属镍铁,然后经磁选方法使金属镍铁在磁性产品中得到富集.结果表明,深度还原最佳工艺条件为:还原温度1 300℃,还原时间60 min,配煤过剩倍数2.在此工艺条件下得到镍、铁质量分数分别为5.01%,22.46%的镍铁产品,镍、铁回收率分别为96.05%,79.69%.对深度还原过程研究表明,还原物料中镍和铁以金属合金颗粒形式存在,高温有利于镍铁金属相凝聚,适当延长还原反应时间有利于镍铁颗粒的还原和聚集长大,进而有利于磁选富集.     

红土镍矿半熔融还原生产含镍珠铁

针对转底炉处理红土镍矿生产镍珠铁的可行性进行研究。通过控制温度和炉渣高温特性,使炉渣形成半熔融状态,还原后的金属产生聚集和长大,形成含镍铁珠。讨论还原温度、炉渣成分、耐火材料、还原剂配比、球团直径及还原剂种类对生产镍珠铁的影响。研究结果表明:当还原温度为1 400℃,还原时间为30 min,SiO2-MgO-CaO三元渣系中CaO的质量分数为15%,球团直径为30 mm时,采用石墨坩埚,可以得到Ni质量分数为11.53%,Fe质量分数为84.16%的镍珠铁,此时,Ni的回收率可以达到98.59%,Fe的回收率为73.27%。     

红土镍矿直接还原焙烧磁选回收铁镍

采用添加助熔剂直接还原焙烧-磁选方法,对镍主要以硅酸镍形式存在的低品位红土镍矿中镍和铁的富集进行了研究. 结果表明,同时添加助熔剂,可获得较好的技术指标. 最佳工艺条件为:煤作还原剂,质量分数为15%;KD-2为助熔剂,质量分数为20%;焙烧温度为1200℃;焙烧时间为40min. 在此条件下可以得到镍品位10.83%、铁品位52.87%、镍回收率82.15%和铁回收率54.59%的镍铁精矿. 用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对还原过程中助熔剂和煤的作用机理进行了研究. 发现KD-2可以与原矿中含镍的石英和硅酸盐矿物反应,释放出其中的镍;煤用量太多时可生成部分不含镍的金属铁,会造成镍的回收率降低.     

红土镍矿含碳球团深还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺

以红土镍矿为原料,利用深还原工艺将镍和铁由其矿物还原成金属镍和铁,再通过磁选分离富集得到高品位的镍铁精矿.对深还原焙烧工艺参数进行了优化,得到最佳的工艺条件如下:内配碳量(C/O原子比)为1.3,还原时间为80 min,CaO质量分数为10%,还原温度为1300℃.在此条件下得到的镍铁精矿中镍品位为5.17%,全铁品位为65.38%,镍和铁的回收率分别为89.29%和91.06%.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)对深还原矿及磁选后的镍铁精矿进行了分析,发现深还原矿中出现金属粒,为Ni--Fe合金,镍全部溶于镍铁合金中,铁还有少部分以FeO的形式存在;磁选过程除去大量的脉石,精矿中主要物相为Fe、Ni--Fe、FeO及少量的CaO.MgO.2SiO2.     

红土镍矿转底炉预还原-电炉熔分制取镍铁合金

对某红土镍矿采用转底炉预还原-电炉熔分工艺制取镍铁合金进行研究。实验结果表明:根据矿石性质,选择合适的渣型为SiO2-MgO-CaO-FeO四元渣系,在熔剂石灰配比为25%,还原剂配比为3.5%,预还原温度为1 150℃,预还原时间为30 min,电炉熔分温度为1 450℃,熔分时间为15 min的条件下,经转底炉预还原-电炉熔分后,获得镍质量分数为8.68%、镍回收率97.62%、铁质量分数为86.23%的镍铁合金,该合金可用作不锈钢生产原料。     

煤种对钛磁铁矿直接还原-磁选钛铁分离的影响

研究了烟煤和无烟煤对海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原-磁选钛铁分离的影响机理.结果表明,在试验用量范围内,两种煤对还原铁指标的影响规律相近,煤用量低时钛磁铁矿还原不充分.随煤用量增加,被还原的金属铁越来越多,但粒度较小,与其他颗粒嵌布紧密,因此还原铁Fe品位低,Ti O2品位高,铁回收率则先提高后基本不变.所有煤用量下所得金属铁颗粒均纯净.和无烟煤相比,烟煤固定碳较低,还原气氛较弱,但灰分较高,有利于金属铁颗粒的聚集长大;因此相同用量的烟煤为还原剂时,焙烧矿中金属铁颗粒较少,但粒度较大,还原铁中Fe品位较高,铁回收率较低,Ti O2品位较低.     

Application of a water cooling treatment and its effect on coal-based reduction of high-chromium vanadium and titanium iron ore

A water cooling treatment was applied in the coal-based reduction of high-chromium vanadium and titanium (V–Ti–Cr) iron ore from the Hongge region of Panzhihua, China. Its effects on the metallization ratio (η), S removal ratio (R_S), and P removal ratio (R_P) were studied and analyzed on the basis of chemical composition determined via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The metallic iron particle size and the element distribution of Fe, V, Cr, and Ti in a reduced briquette after water cooling treatment at 1350°C were determined and observed via scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the water cooling treatment improved the η, R_S, and R_P in the coal-based reduction of V–Ti–Cr iron ore compared to those obtained with a furnace cooling treatment. Meanwhile, the particle size of metallic iron obtained via the water cooling treatment was smaller than that of metallic iron obtained via the furnace cooling treatment; however, the particle size reached 70 μm at 1350°C, which is substantially larger than the minimum particle size required (20 μm) for magnetic separation. Therefore, the water cooling treatment described in this work is a good method for improving the quality of metallic iron in coal-based reduction and it could be applied in the coal-based reduction of V–Ti–Cr iron ore followed by magnetic separation.     

Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

Oolitic iron ore is one of the most important iron resources. This paper reports the recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. The influences of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio, and CaO content on the metallization degree and iron recovery were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that reduced products with the metallization degree of 95.82% could be produced under the optimal conditions (i.e., reduction temperature, 1250℃; reduction time, 50 min; C/O mole ratio, 2.0; and CaO content, 10wt%). The magnetic concentrate containing 89.63wt% Fe with the iron recovery of 96.21% was obtained. According to the mineralogical and morphologic analysis, the iron minerals had been reduced and iron was mainly enriched into the metallic iron phase embedded in the slag matrix in the form of spherical particles. Apatite was also reduced to phosphorus, which partially migrated into the metallic iron phase.     

Ferronickel enrichment by fine particle reduction and magnetic separation from nickel laterite ore

Ferronickel enrichment and extraction from nickel laterite ore were studied through reduction and magnetic separation. Reduction experiments were performed using hydrogen and carbon monoxide as reductants at different temperatures (700–1000°C). Magnetic separation of the reduced products was conducted using a SLon-100 cycle pulsating magnetic separator (1.2 T). Composition analysis indicates that the nickel laterite ore contains a total iron content of 22.50wt% and a total nickel content of 1.91wt%. Its mineral composition mainly consists of serpentine, hortonolite, and goethite. During the reduction process, the grade of nickel and iron in the products increases with increasing reduction temperature. Although a higher temperature is more favorable for reduction, the temperature exceeding 1000°C results in sintering of the products, preventing magnetic separation. After magnetic separation, the maximum total nickel and iron concentrations are 5.43wt% and 56.86wt%, and the corresponding recovery rates are 84.38% and 53.76%, respectively.     

碳酸钠在高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原中的作用

为了研究碳酸钠对尼日利亚某高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原焙烧-磁选脱磷效果的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了添加碳酸钠后直接还原焙烧的产物.结果表明,还原焙烧过程中添加碳酸钠后可以实现脱磷:碳酸钠的加入抑制了铁橄榄石的生成,阻断了磷进入金属铁的过程;使得鲕粒结构破坏,促进金属铁颗粒的聚集长大,有利于金属铁颗粒与脉石的解离;原矿中含磷矿物在焙烧过程中与碳酸钠反应生成可溶性的Na3PO4,在磨矿磁选过程中溶于水,使直接还原铁中磷的含量降低.     

准直纳米碳管的高效制备

给出了用阳极电弧在惰性气体(氦气、氩气)气氛下,蒸发含金属催化剂的石墨棒,高效制备宏观量的优质准直单壁纳米碳管的方法和条件以及纯化产物的方法.实验所得的网状和膜状产物分别含有63%和50%的准直单壁纳米碳管,阴极的棒状产物含有大量的多壁纳米碳管.准直单壁纳米碳管可用硝酸或高锰酸钾提纯多壁纳米碳管得到.纳米碳管管束的定向排列是由弧电场引起的磁致效应而形成的.     

Metalizing reduction and magnetic separation of vanadium titano-magnetite based on hot briquetting

To achieve high efficiency utilization of Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite, a new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting is proposed, and factors that affect the cold strength of the hot-briquetting products and the efficiency of reduction and magnetic separation are successively investigated through laboratory experiments. The relevant mechanisms are elucidated on the basis of microstructural observations. Experimental results show that the optimal process parameters for hot briquetting include a hot briquetting temperature of 475℃, a carbon ratio of 1.2, ore and coal particle sizes of less than 74 μm. Additionally, with respect to metalizing reduction and magnetic separation, the rational parameters include a magnetic field intensity of 50 mT, a reduction temperature of 1350℃, a reduction time of 60 min, and a carbon ratio of 1.2. Under these above conditions, the crushing strength of the hot-briquetting agglomerates is 1480 N, and the recovery ratios of iron, vanadium, and titanium are as high as 91.19%, 61.82%, and 85.31%, respectively. The new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting demonstrates the evident technological advantages of high efficiency separation of iron from other valuable elements in the vanadium titano-magnetite.     

海砂矿深度还原-磁选分离实验研究

应用化学分析、扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析方法研究海砂矿的基础物性. 采用煤基深度还原-磁选工艺,系统考察矿粉中Fe和Ti的还原分离行为,并明确还原温度、还原时间、碳氧比、磁感应强度和磨矿粒度对还原磁选效果的影响规律. 结果表明:海砂矿主要由钛磁铁矿和钛赤铁矿组成;较优的还原分离工艺参数为还原温度1300℃、还原时间30 min、碳氧摩尔比1. 1、磁感应强度50 mT和磨矿细度-0. 074 mm质量分数86. 34%. 在此工艺条件下,可以获得金属化率94. 23%的还原产物,磁选指标分别达到精矿铁品位97. 19%和尾矿钛品位57. 94%,对应的铁、钛回收率为90. 28%和87. 22%,有效地实现海砂矿中铁钛元素的分离富集.     

钒钛磁铁矿固态还原的研究

研究了钒钛磁铁矿的固态还原过程及影响因素,讨论了磨矿粒度、还原温度和配碳量对固态还原金属化率及还原后炉料中钛走向的影响.采用煤基直接还原工艺流程,能够将钒钛磁铁矿中铁的氧化物还原为金属铁,然后通过磁选,可实现钛、铁的有效分离.实验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:还原温度1 100℃,配碳量为1∶1,磨矿粒度控制在75~150μm之间.在此工艺条件下得到铁的金属化率和渣中钛的质量分数分别在80%和36%以上.该工艺为我国大批量钒钛磁铁矿的开发利用提供了新途径.