利用对流参数化模型对8颗S＋r星的研究

目前观测到的s r星数目正逐渐增多,为了进一步确定s r星的形成机制以及它们与s-星和r-星的关系,采用对流模型的参数化方法拟合了新观测到的8颗s r星的观测数据,拟合结果与观测符合得较好,进一步验证了原有模型的有效性和正确性.     

钡星重元素丰度的研究

提出了一种计算钡星重元素丰度的参数化模型,利用此模型很好地拟合了8颗钡星的重元素丰度,说明提出模型的有效性。对最佳拟合参数进行了比较和讨论,得到以下主要结论:强钡星的s-过程分量系数明显大于弱钡星的s-过程分量系数,强钡星和弱钡星的中子辐照量、重叠因子没有明显区别,它们的s-元素超丰程度不同主要是因为钡星系统轨道周期不同。     

AGB星中子辐照量分布的特点

根据13C辐射燃烧的低质量AGB(asymptotic giant branch)星s-过程核合成模型,考察氦壳层核合成区域中子辐照量分布(简称DNE)的特点.结果表明,辐射s-过程核合成模型的DNE,即ρAGB(τ),与重叠因子r、核合成区域的质量比q、每次中子照射的最大辐照量rmnx和脉冲次数m等参数有关.增大各参量的值,都会使具有较大中子辐照量的种子核比例增加,但程度不同.r和m影响较小,q和rmnx影响较大,且q与r值相差越多q的影响越显著.选择合适的模型参数,还可以给出太阳系的DNE.根据AGB星s-过程核合成数值汁算的结果确定q,r,m的值,通过对多事件模型的结果进行最小二乘法拟合选择rmax的值,最后给出太阳系的DNE.     

太阳系的中子辐照量分布

采用星系化学演化解析模型,结合脉冲AGB星慢中子俘获(s-过程)核合成理论,以AGB星s-过程单辐照解为前提,推导了单辐照情况下太阳系的中子辐照量分布,并将所得结果与利用参数化s-过程模型的计算结果及采用规范多事件s-过程模型的计算结果进行了比较,研究发现,计算结果与文献给出的中子辐照量分布在趋势上是一致的,但量级上有些偏差.这证明了只考虑AGB星的单辐照情况还不足以解释太阳系的中子辐照量分布,还应该考虑中子辐照量指数分布的贡献.     

计算平均中子辐照量新公式的验证

最近的研究结果指出,低质量AGB(asymptotic giant branch)星辐射s-过程核合成模型氦壳层核合成区域的中子辐照量分布,同以前的对流核合成模型一样仍然非常接近指数分布;但是每个脉冲的中子辐照量Δτ和平均中子辐照量τ0之间的关系却不再是τ0=-Δτ/lnr,而近似为τ0=-Δτ/ln{q[1.002 0+0.660 2(r-q)+4.612 5(r-q)2-10.896 2(r-q)3+13.913 8(r-q)4]}(r为重叠因子,q为13C壳层占氦壳层的质量比例).利用文献对26颗Ba星以及太阳系s-过程元素观测丰度恒星模型核合成数值计算的拟合结果,以及经典模型的拟合结果,对新关系式进行了检验.结果表明,该关系式对其中的19颗Ba星以及太阳系都是适用的,对于另外7颗Ba星,关系式的失效可从模型参量数值的选择以及2种拟合机制的差异性等方面得到解释.研究结果证明了新关系式的可靠性.     

弱s过程分量系数C2的研究

利用贫金属星中子俘获元素丰度的模型计算了30颗样品星的分量系数，并详细分析了弱s过程分量系数C     

AGB星s-过程核合成:铁种子核受中子照射的概率

根据3种典型的AGB星s-过程核合成模型的中子辐照量分布,讨论了各恒星模型氦壳层区域内受中子照射的铁种子核数目比率(或铁种子核受中子照射的概率).该值在一定程度上反映了s-过程核合成模型的特点.结果表明,所有概率都随重叠因子r单调增加,r=1时,存在极限值1.在辐射s-过程核合成模型的情形,概率对13C壳层占氦壳层的质量比例q的变化很敏感.     

Stolarsky与Gini平均的一个比较

用分析方法建立了一个有关二元双参数平均Stolarsky平均E(r,s;a,b)和Gini平均G(r,s;a,b)的一个比较结果.给出不等式G(r,s;a,b)≥[r(r-1)/s(s-1)]1/(r-s)·E(r-1,s-1;a,b)成立或反向的充分条件.     

星系中子辐照量分布函数

先引入随时间t变化的星系中子辐照量分布函数gρal(t,τ)描述各演化阶段星系s-过程核素丰度的分布规律.利用星系化学演化的三成分模型导出星系中子辐照量分布函数的演化方程,从而建立星系的中子辐照量分布函数gρal(t,τ)与AGB星的中子辐照量分布函数ρAGB(τ)之间的关系.取AGB星中子辐照量为指数分布,当取t=t⊙时,得到了太阳系的中子辐照量分布Sρun(τ).     

弱s过程分量系数C2的研究

利用贫金属星中子俘获元素丰度的模型计算了30颗样品星的分量系数,并详细分析了弱s过程分量系数C2小于零的各种可能原因。     

贫金属星的重核素丰度

利用太阳系的重核素丰度以及ｓ－过程、ｒ－过程的相对贡献,结合贫金属星重元素的观测值及星系化学演化的计算结果,计算了不同金属度贫金属星重核素丰度分布。     

S-process krypton of variable isotopic composition in the Murchison meteorite

Current theories on the origin of the chemical elements explain the abundance of medium-heavy and heavy nuclides to be due to the capture by pre-existing lighter nuclides of free neutrons on either a slow timescale (s-process) or a rapid timescale (r-process). Experimental evidence in support of these theories comes from the analysis of carbonaceous chondrites. In acid-resistant residues of these meteorites a kind of xenon has been found, the isotopic composition of which matches almost perfectly that predicted for s-process xenon. We report data that allow us, for the first time, to derive with reasonable precision the full isotopic spectrum of s-process krypton as well. We show that this s-Kr in a residue from Murchison meteorite did not originate in one single s-process but rather is a mixture of contributions from stellar environments where the density of free neutrons was not the same. The astrophysical conditions under which this Krypton has been produced were distinct from those that have been invoked to explain the Solar System s-process abundance. Similar to the 13C-rich carbon component in an aliquot of the same residue, the s-process Kr from different astrophysical sites has retained its identity during the accumulation and subsequent history of the meteorite.     

Imprints of fast-rotating massive stars in the Galactic Bulge

The first stars that formed after the Big Bang were probably massive, and they provided the Universe with the first elements heavier than helium ('metals'), which were incorporated into low-mass stars that have survived to the present. Eight stars in the oldest globular cluster in the Galaxy, NGC?6522, were found to have surface abundances consistent with the gas from which they formed being enriched by massive stars (that is, with higher α-element/Fe and Eu/Fe ratios than those of the Sun). However, the same stars have anomalously high abundances of Ba and La with respect to Fe, which usually arises through nucleosynthesis in low-mass stars (via the slow-neutron-capture process, or s-process). Recent theory suggests that metal-poor fast-rotating massive stars are able to boost the s-process yields by up to four orders of magnitude, which might provide a solution to this contradiction. Here we report a reanalysis of the earlier spectra, which reveals that Y and Sr are also overabundant with respect to Fe, showing a large scatter similar to that observed in extremely metal-poor stars, whereas C abundances are not enhanced. This pattern is best explained as originating in metal-poor fast-rotating massive stars, which might point to a common property of the first stellar generations and even of the 'first stars'.     

Discovery of three lead-rich stars

About half of the stable nuclei heavier than iron are believed to be synthesized during the late stages of evolution of stars with masses in the range 0.8-8 solar masses. These elements are then expelled into the interstellar medium through stellar winds after being 'dredged up' towards the surface of the stars. These processes occur when the star is in the 'asymptotic giant branch' (AGB) phase of its life. Nuclei (mainly iron) deep inside the star slowly capture neutrons and progressively build up heavier elements (the 's-process'). For AGB stars that formed early in the history of the Galaxy, and that therefore have very low abundances of elements heavier than helium ('metals'), models predict that the s-process will accumulate synthesized material with atomic weights in the Pb-Bi region. Such stars will therefore have large overabundances of lead relative to other heavy elements. Here we report the discovery of large amounts of lead in three metal-poor stars (HD187861, HD196944 and HD224959). Our analysis shows that these stars are more enriched in lead than in any other element heavier than iron. The excellent agreement between the observed and predicted abundances reinforces our current understanding of the detailed operation of the s-process deep in the interiors of AGB stars.     

The U/Th production ratio and the age of the Milky Way from meteorites and Galactic halo stars

Some heavy elements (with atomic number A > 69) are produced by the 'rapid' (r)-process of nucleosynthesis, where lighter elements are bombarded with a massive flux of neutrons. Although this is characteristic of supernovae and neutron star mergers, uncertainties in where the r-process occurs persist because stellar models are too crude to allow precise quantification of this phenomenon. As a result, there are many uncertainties and assumptions in the models used to calculate the production ratios of actinides (like uranium-238 and thorium-232). Current estimates of the U/Th production ratio range from approximately 0.4 to 0.7. Here I show that the U/Th abundance ratio in meteorites can be used, in conjunction with observations of low-metallicity stars in the halo of the Milky Way, to determine the U/Th production ratio very precisely (0.57(+0.037)(-0.031). This value can be used in future studies to constrain the possible nuclear mass formulae used in r-process calculations, to help determine the source of Galactic cosmic rays, and to date circumstellar grains. I also estimate the age of the Milky Way (14.5(+2.8)(-2.2)Gyr in a way that is independent of the uncertainties associated with fluctuations in the microwave background or models of stellar evolution.     

有行星系统恒星的金属丰度研究

计算了7颗类太阳恒星（带有类似太阳的行星系统）的大气参数和多种金属无互的丰度，所有样本星的金属丰度平均值为0.101，其中HD98230的值为－0.271，相对其余6颗星的值小很多（其余6颗星的平均值为0.184），比银盘附近类太阳星的平均值（[Fe/H]≈-0.3）相对较高，计算结果表明行星系统的形成与恒星的富金属丰度存在着一定的联系。     

中子星壳层中强磁场与β衰变

 基于原子核壳层模型,分析了在强磁场作用下中子星壳层中的β衰变率,并以反应⁶³Co(β^-)⁶³Ni为例作详细计算.结果表明:弱磁场对中子星壳层中的β衰变几乎没有影响,强磁场(B>10⁸T)使β衰变率显著增大;同时在相同的磁场强度下,基态的β衰变比激发态的β衰变所受影响更大.这些结论对进一步研究中子星晚期演化和双中子星系统快中子俘获过程的核合成是有意义的.     

并图的星—升分解

给出了２个和３个星图之并可以星－升分解的充分必要条件,并部分证明了一个有关的猜想。     

初生中子星星风中正反中微子的吸收反应截面

正反中微子的吸收反应截面是影响初生中子星演化的重要参量.改进了在初生中子星高温环境中任意简并条件下的中微子和反中微子被重子吸收截面的计算方法,同时综合考虑了能量动量守恒、磁场效应和重子（中子或质子）的热运动效应,得到更精确的中微子和反中微子吸收反应截面.结果对进一步研究星风中的中微子加热率、中微子输运过程中的不透明度、合理解释中子星的相关观测现象有重要作用.