作为“范式”的突现模型

按照托马斯·库恩本人对“范式”的理解,范式概念应该包括基本概念、基本规律、基本信念与纲领、范例等。本文正是在这一意义上探讨传统的机械还原论向突现论的范式转换,从而尝试建立不同于传统科学的突现论模型。     

Information Technology and Paradigm Shifting in Organizational Structure and Strategy

This paper examines the impacts of information technology (IT) on LDCs' competitive condi     

Organizational Strategy on Different Landscapes: A New Science Approach

To deal with issues of evolution and coevolution of a Complex Adaptive System in its environment, the New Science has developed the model of adaptive walks on landscapes. This model has been used to suggest guidelines for organizational strategy in its changing environment. The approach is taken a step further to examine the issues facing an organization in four kinds of environments and, from that, to begin tentatively to draw the outlines of a strategy suited to each environment.     

控制系统仿真的新问题：模型不确定性

本文从解决模型不确定性的角度研究了控制系统仿真问题。首先，讨论了把模型不确定性引入控制系统仿真的必要性，然后阐述了一种全新的观点：控制系统仿真应该是鲁棒辨识与鲁棒控制的有机结合     

Systemic Change in a Higher Education Institution: Inquiring into Organizational and Instructional Transformation

Systemic Practice and Action Research - Changes often occur in organizational systems due to the technology, new methods, new understandings and emerging needs. This study examined the reasons,...     

工序作业时间实现可能性的新判定法

网络计划工序作业时间的实现受多种不确定性因素的影响 ,因此确定工序的具体作业时间较为困难 ,在编制网络计划时经常需要对工序实现的可能性进行判定。为了减少判定过程中的主观随意性 ,提出了一种基于联系数联系分量 (a ,b ,c)大小关系排序的判定方法。此方法能在已知各影响因素重要次序而不知其权重值时作出合理的判定。应用实例表明 ,这是一种方便、实用、可行的方法。     

中心问题与中位问题的研究现状

P-中心问题与p-中位问题是两类基本的选址问题，在选址问题的研究中占有十分重要的地位。本文从问题的性质、算法设计思想与计算复杂性等方面总结了现有的研究成果，并指出了进一步研究的方向。     

基于可能度的决策矩阵排序的一种新方法

针对属性权重已知而属性值为区间数的多属性决策问题，本文提出了一种基于可能度的决策矩阵排序的新方法。这种方法的优点是思路清晰，方法简洁、合理，并易于在计算机上操作。最后给出了一个例子说明本法的有效性和可行性。     

自组织:一种新的政务公开研究范式

“耗散结构”、“协同学”等非平衡态自组织理论可以用来解释政务公开的开放、协同、自适应的必要性。认为,开放性是政务公开实施的前提条件,协同性是政务公开运行的内在机制,自适应则是政务公开追求的能力目标。     

复杂性、简单性与系统整体性的约束

当前人们对复杂性的认识千差万别 ,对复杂性和简单性的关系的看法也众说纷纭 ,因此试从系统整体性的角度去探索复杂性与简单性之间的紧密联系     

A New Convergence Result of Gauss－Newton Methods for the Complementarity Problem

1　 IntroductionL et F∶Rn→Rnbe continuously differentiable.The nonlinear complementarity problem isto find a solution of the following system of equations and inequalities:x 0 ,F( x) 0 ,x TF( x) =0or,equivalently,xi 0 ,Fi( x) 0 ,xi Fi( x) =0 ,　 i =1,… ,nWe denote this problem by NCP( F) .When F is an affine function and is of the formF( x) =Mx qM is an n× n real matrix and q∈ Rn,the complementarity problem is referred to as thelinear complementarity,denoted by L CP( M,q) .N…     

Facilitation as Midwifery: Facilitation and Praxis in Group Learning

This paper is an inquiry into practice for the purpose of reflection and theory proposal. We discuss the way in which we, as facilitators of action research/learning groups in diverse contexts, confront the challenge of assisting people to work and learn together in authentically collaborative ways. We each describe our very different respective practice examples (Eileen's based on productive and defensive routines; Judith's on sociodramatic exploration) and then collectively discern some substantial similarities in the way that we work. We have likened these similarities to the midwifery process, i.e., "colaboring" or facilitating the birth of whole and healthy group process in which honest and bilateral interactions of action and reflection occur. Finally, we present a meta-reflective account of the way that we have confronted the challenges of working together to write this article. We present this account as a model of a series of five deepening levels of challenge in collaborative learning. These levels reflect the challenge associated with a growth in awareness of both our own process of working together, and that of every other group with which we work.     

The Organizational View of Public Participation: A Narrative Analysis

The following research paper presents results of an ethnographic investigation focused on the participatory process of a public project for urban environmental rehabilitation. This public intervention, called Iguaçu Project, is being carried out in the Baixada Fluminense, in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (RJMR). Drawing upon the literature on social learning from both organizational and environmental management studies, the research investigates when and why social learning occurs within a participatory arena. The paper presents an analysis of stories told by nine key informants, selected as representatives of the main social categories involved in the project. The different meanings the narrators attributed to participation, environment, knowledge and learning in their stories, are analysed through abductive reasoning, i.e. through a continuous reference to the literature and confrontation with former narrative analysis in business organizations. The findings show an interpretative framework based on development of multiple-loop learning theory, defined as contextual loops. Furthermore, it identifies five explanatory propositions to answer the research questions. The occurrence of social learning in participatory arenas seems to depend upon five organizationally related factors: a systematized organizational structure; the participants’ commitments and the pluralism of the participatory arena; the process proponents’ reliability, the supporting role of a facilitator.     

国内外技术创新能力指数化评价比较分析

从创新绩效能力与创新过程能力两个角度,对比研究了国内外创新能力指数化评价研究在理论基础、分析框架、度量与评价指标体系、数据来源以及数值分析方法等方面的特点,分析各种评价方法在应用上的局限性,探讨我国技术创新能力评价研究的新思路,为进一步研究、把握和提高我国企业以及整体技术创新能力提供有益的参考。     

论系统基本辩证特性：“定聚性”和“变聚性”的对立统一

分析系统定义、系统构成论与生成论的关系,从辩证的角度可发现：系统是一个既固定又变化的聚合体;立足一般辩证法核心,进一步研究,提出系统的基本辩证特性是：“定聚陆”与“变聚性”的对立统一性;并分析其与系统辩证法的关系及意义。     

简单系统决策与复杂系统决策:对决策范式中分化和转换的一种理解

讨论了由规范决策(NP)到描述决策(DP)研究范式的分化问题。基于复杂性思维,分析了简单系统决策和复杂系统决策的区别;指出:基于NP/DP发展起来的决策理论实际上只对应简单决策系统范围。探讨了面向复杂决策系统(CDS)的新决策研究范式:复杂性范式(CP)的内涵;并把CP与NP/DP做了比较,指出在信念、学科基础、决策范围、方法论、理论体系上的一系列区别;最后提出了CP的体系架构。     

Critical Systemic Praxis for Social and Environmental Justice: A Case Study of Management,Governance, and Policy

Internationally, globalization has been paradoxically translated into colonization, economic rationalist development, nationalism, and closure born of a fear of the implications of globalization and global markets for the least powerful countries, regions, and interest groups. Social problems in terms of the economic rationalist approach are increasingly individualized and citizenship models emphasize the responsibility of individuals and families. Many current human service and social policy models in Australia (as elsewhere) are nonsystemic (psychological, medical, education, crime prevention, and economic). The paper reflects on an experience of undertaking a study of the life chances of citizens in a remote region of Australia. This is a paper about doing systemic thinking and practice in Alice Springs (Mpwartwe, or caterpillar dreaming) as a social policy researcher attempting to use and advocating a participatory action research approach to social policy development based on a multisite, multimethod research design of perceived, expressed, and normative needs.     

A Systemic Model for Managing and Evaluating Conflicts in Organizational Change

Change or innovation diffusion is a key issue for most business organizations but is yet difficult to implement as the change management process is often complex as it relies on an organized methodology to complement an organization’s commitment and participation. An ambiguous environment surrounding change mechanism tends to develop unintended attitudes, resulting in resistance and conflict. The study proposes a model for the management of such conflicts among change participants (involved and affected) in the context of organizational change. The authors consider organizational change process as an innovation project that treats change and conflicts holistically with the Ulrich’s notion of boundary considerations (boundary critique). A social network setting of multiple stakeholders is considered to effectively help in resolving problematic situations that hinder organizational learning and change. The proposed model provides a theoretical foundation based on concepts governing Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH), change theory, stakeholder theory and conflict management.     

Reconciling Effectiveness and Equity in Performance Management: A Stakeholder Synthesis Approach to Organizational Systems Design

Complex organizational systems have been studied using hard and soft epistemologies and each has contributed to understanding based on its logic of enquiry. However, both fail to engage fully with systems in their context and are increasingly recognized as such by researchers and practitioners. This paper reviews the epistemological debate and proposes that accommodation between quantitative and qualitative disciplines is both possible and appropriate. A case study of performance management systems demonstrates the synergistic benefits of integration within a mode of organizational enquiry based on stakeholder analysis and soft systems methodology. This enables the development of a stakeholder systems model of performance management that incorporates stakeholder consensus, organizational justice, and system effectiveness considerations.     

A NEW HIERARCHY OF LAX AND LIOUVILLE INTEGRABLE EVOLUTION EQUATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ISOSPECTRAL PROBLEM IN THE LOOP ALGEBRA A2

In this paper, an isospectral problem with five potentials is investigated in loop algebra A2 such that a new hierarchy of evolution equations with five arbitrary functions is obtained. And then by fixing the five arbitrary functions to be certain flmctions and using the trace identity, the generalized Hamiltonian structure of the hierarchy of evolution equations is given, it is shown that this hierarchy of equations is Liouville integrable. Finally some special cases of the isospectral problem are also given.