人工免疫算法在函数优化中的应用

基于自然免疫系统中体液免疫响应的机制提出了一种函数优化算法，该算法模拟了抗体的产生、抗体与抗原的黏合、激励、克隆、超突变及未受激励细胞的消亡等自然过程，其主要步骤包括：抗原、B细胞的算法定义，B细胞与抗原之间的亲和度计算与选择，B细胞的克隆、变异和记忆细胞的产生等．算法的主要特点是模拟了不同的自然机制，具有并行性，产生了高亲和度、长寿命的记忆细胞并不断对其更新．用两种不同类型的测试函数进行了仿真实验，并与基本遗传算法进行了比较，结果表明所提算法能以较快的速度完成给定范围的搜索和全局优化任务．     

自适应变异的混合粒子群优化策略及其应用

提出了一种新的基于群体自适应变异和个体退火操作的混合粒子群优化（HPSO）算法．该算法将模拟退火过程引入到粒子群优化（PSO）之中，以PSO作为主体，先随机产生初始群体，并开始随机搜索产生新的个体．同时，使用自适应变异操作进行个体变异，对进化过的个体进行退火操作，以调整和优化群体．与模拟退火算法和基本PSO算法相比，HPSO保持了基本PSO算法简单、容易实现的特点，又能进行自适应变异．复杂函数优化和旅行商组合优化问题的实例验证表明，所提算法的全局收敛性较好，提高了摆脱局部最优的能力，有效避免了基本PSO算法的早熟问题．     

一种基于混合策略的灰狼优化算法

灰狼优化算法作为一种群体智能算法,不可避免地会产生陷入局部寻优和收敛速度慢的问题。本文提出一种混合的改进策略,把动态权重和动态种群的结合起来,在提高收敛速度的同时,产生较好的解。通过多组基准测试函数进行验证,实验结果表明在收敛速度和搜索能力方面都表现的更好。     

基于动态群体的聚集演化求解多峰函数优化问题

指出了现有的演化算法框架都是群体固定的演化迭代过程，对求解多峰函数优化问题时由于无法事先得知峰值点的个数而很难确定合适的群体大小，影响了算法的效率，提出了一种群体动态可调的演化方式，使得初始群体大小可任意指定，在演化过程中通过聚集和按比例引入新个体两个过程而动态变化。实验表明，该算法能尽可能多地定位峰值点。     

基于主附种群结构的遗传算法

介绍了一种基于新的变异算子多种群的新遗传算法，该算法可用来解决复杂的多峰函数优化问题．解决这些问题的传统遗传算法经常陷入局部最优，新算法引入一种新的基于主群、附属子群的结构可避免传统遗传算法难以克服的早熟收敛．在该结构中，主群采用新的变异算子来保持良好的群体分布，并促使较优模式的快速增长，附属子群设计在有限区域内获取局部最优．用搜索历史记录及主子群体通讯能减少搜索空间，以获取全局最优和几个局部最优．搜索局部最优和全局最优可用于多人脸检测以及路径寻优问题．实验表明，该算法已在几个复杂的多峰函数优化上取得了较好的结果．     

多目标动态加权差分算法及在电力经济调度模型上的应用

考虑多目标动态加权进化策略不能有效处理高维变量多目标函数的缺点，本文利用差分算法代替进化策略，提出一种多目标动态加权差分算法．最后，通过优化典型多目标优化问题以及电力经济调度模型优化，验证了所提算法的有效性。     

求解多目标规划问题的一种新的群体搜索算法

针对带有边界变量的多目标优化问题，提出一个新的随机群体搜索算法，该方法在可行域内随机选取N个样本点，把每个样本点看成带电粒子。根据不同目标函数，分别定义其电荷，针对每个样本点根据不同目标函数按照电磁学原理计算出合力，然后把各个合力线性加权作为该点搜索方向，以便求得新的群体．最后，把给出的算法应用到两个实例中。并与遗传算法、蚁群算法进行比较，数值结果表明算法是可行的和有效的．     

基于免疫进化机制的多模态函数优化算法

基于免疫细胞中不同亲和度抗体具有不同的变异率，最终通过不断进化达到亲和度成熟机理的启示，设计并实现了一个多模态免疫优化算法．算法的主要操作算子包括超变异、正选择、记忆细胞产生和抗体相似性抑制．通过对典型的多模态测试函数进行仿真实验，证明算法可以快速搜索到多模态函数的全局最优解和多个局部最优解，同时也表明该算法具有较强的优化性能．     

基于精英迁移的主从式双种群动态遗传算法

针对0-1编码的动态优化问题,提出了一种基于精英迁移的主从式双种群动态遗传算法.主种群采用记忆机制,把从种群获得的最优个体替换主种群中较差的个体,同时参与到与记忆个体的演化操作.通过一组动态优化函数进行实验,仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法在各变化周期和变化强度下均能很好的跟踪环境的动态变化.     

基于划分和重分布的粒子群算法及优化策略

提出了一种新的基于划分和重分布的粒子群优化算法.新算法将粒子划分为普通和优化两类.普通粒子随机产生，速度快，侧重全局搜索；优化粒子紧随群体最优并且速度较慢，侧重局部收敛，以提高收敛精度.当群体最优未发生变更的时间过长时，在保持群体最优的同时将粒子重新分布，以摆脱过早的局部收敛.对典型函数的测试结果表明，新算法没有增加复杂度，在摆脱解的早熟和提高解的收敛精度等方面优于基本粒子群算法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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