恒星典型中子俘获元素丰度观测误差对分量系数的影响

根据贫金属星中子俘获元素丰度的计算模型，研究了典型中子俘获元素丰度的观测误差对代表各核合成过程相对贡献的分量系数的影响，给出了分量系数的变化范围。     

弱s过程分量系数C2的研究

利用贫金属星中子俘获元素丰度的模型计算了30颗样品星的分量系数，并详细分析了弱s过程分量系数C     

弱s过程分量系数C2的研究

利用贫金属星中子俘获元素丰度的模型计算了30颗样品星的分量系数,并详细分析了弱s过程分量系数C2小于零的各种可能原因。     

极贫金属环境下超新星爆发的中子俘获元素核合成产量

极贫金属环境下超新星爆发([Fe/H]＜-2.5)形成于星系演化的早期,研究极贫金属环境下超新星爆发的重元素丰度分布及核合成,对于探索星系形成及化学演化和核天体物理学中的基本问题都起着关键作用.分析了大量极贫金属环境下超新星爆发的元素丰度的观测数据,得出中子俘获元素Sr,Y和Ba与元素Si的相关性规律,计算了极贫金属环...     

利用Si元素的产量确定重元素核合成的场所

文章根据随前身星质量增加Ⅱ型超新星爆发α元素的产量并不单调增加的情况下,将贫金属星Ba元素的观测丰度分为两支,其中i支元素丰度产生于较低质量超新星,y支元素丰度产生于较高质量超新星,采用FM2004的Ⅱ型超新星爆发Si元素的产量,利用Tsujimoto提出的方法,根据观测到的极贫金属星Ba和Si丰度数值计算各种质量超新星快中子俘获元素的产量,得出星系中快中子俘获元素核合成的主要场所。     

重金属星的形成

重金属星是重金属丰度超丰的星,重金属是通过中子俘获形成的,中子俘获有两种过程,快中子俘获过程（r-过程）,慢中子俘获过程（s-过程）,AGB星是产生重金属的重要产地,贫金属的AGB星容易形成铅星,这已获得观测的支持。     

r-过程核合成的场所和重元素丰度的离散

首先考虑到随前身星质量增加Ⅱ型超新星爆发α元素的产量并不单调增加,从而导致Ⅱ型超新星所污染的星际气体的α元素丰度出现反转的因素,将贫金属星Ba的观测丰度分为2支,其中i支元素丰度产生于较低质量超新星,y支元素丰度产生于较高质量超新星,采用FM2004的Ⅱ型超新星爆发Mg元素的产量,利用Tsujimoto提出的方法,根据观测到的极贫金属星Ba和Mg丰度数值计算各种质量超新星r-过程的产量,得出星系中r-过程元素核合成的主要质量区间.然后,根据得到的不同质量Ⅱ型超新星r-过程的产量关系,改进Fields等所提出的方法,解释观测到的贫金属星中子俘获元素的弥散性;另外,还根据3成份(晕、厚、薄盘)多相模型(气体、分子云、大小质量恒星以及剩余物质),利用所得到的产量计算了r-过程元素的均匀化学演化.     

近太阳金属丰度恒星的中子俘获元素丰度

在我们提出的利用３种中子俘获过程的典型元素丰度观测值研究不同金属度下不同核合成过程对重元素丰度的贡献的方法的基础上,计算了近太阳金属丰度恒星的重元素的平均丰度,并将计算结果与观测结果进行了比较 。     

Ⅱ型超新星r-过程元素核合成产量及主要产量区间

根据观测到的极贫金属星中元素Sr,Y,Ba与元素Si丰度的相关性,利用WW1995与FM2004给出的Ⅱ型超新星Si的理论产量计算了极贫金属环境下各种质量超新星r-过程元素的核合成产量,将所得结果与前人的结果作了对比;进一步讨论了星系化学演化中r-过程元素核合成的主要产量区间.     

恒星重元素丰度随金属丰度的变化规律

利用太阳系的重核素丰度，以及贫金属星的ｓ过程和ｒ过程对丰度的相对贡献，结合贫金属星重元素丰度，提出了一种计算不同金属度贫金属星重核素丰度的方法，并用镁的丰度观测值检验了我们的计算结果．     

s-过程和r-过程核素双超丰恒星的形成

慢中子俘获和快中子俘获过程核素双超丰的恒星,是先经历AGB星污染,再经历超新星爆发形成的,分析双超丰贫金属星HE 1305-0007可证实这一点.     

Discovery of three lead-rich stars

About half of the stable nuclei heavier than iron are believed to be synthesized during the late stages of evolution of stars with masses in the range 0.8-8 solar masses. These elements are then expelled into the interstellar medium through stellar winds after being 'dredged up' towards the surface of the stars. These processes occur when the star is in the 'asymptotic giant branch' (AGB) phase of its life. Nuclei (mainly iron) deep inside the star slowly capture neutrons and progressively build up heavier elements (the 's-process'). For AGB stars that formed early in the history of the Galaxy, and that therefore have very low abundances of elements heavier than helium ('metals'), models predict that the s-process will accumulate synthesized material with atomic weights in the Pb-Bi region. Such stars will therefore have large overabundances of lead relative to other heavy elements. Here we report the discovery of large amounts of lead in three metal-poor stars (HD187861, HD196944 and HD224959). Our analysis shows that these stars are more enriched in lead than in any other element heavier than iron. The excellent agreement between the observed and predicted abundances reinforces our current understanding of the detailed operation of the s-process deep in the interiors of AGB stars.     

Evidence for planet engulfment by the star HD82943

Current models of the evolution of the known extrasolar planetary systems need to incorporate orbital migration and/or gravitational interactions among giant planets to explain the presence of large bodies close to their parent stars. These processes could also lead to planets being ingested by their parent stars, which would alter the relative abundances of elements heavier than helium in the stellar atmospheres. In particular, the abundance of the rare 6Li isotope, which is normally destroyed in the early evolution of solar-type stars but preserved intact in the atmospheres of giant planets, would be boosted substantially. 6Li has not hitherto been observed reliably in a metal-rich star, where metallicity refers to the total abundance of elements heavier than helium. Here we report the discovery of 6Li in the atmosphere of the metal-rich solar-type star HD82943, which is known to have an orbiting giant planet. The presence of 6Li can probably be interpreted as evidence for a planet (or planets) having been engulfed by the parent star.     

外赋AGB星s-元素丰度与金属丰度的关系

以内禀AGB星重元素丰度的演化和外赋AGB星重元素超丰的计算为基础,计算了外赋AGB星较重s-元素丰度、较轻s-元素丰度、重s-元素和s-元素丰度的比与平均中子辐照量的关系,从理论上定量解释了外赋AGB星s-元素与金属丰度的逆相关性.     

3M_⊙AGB星重元素丰度的再研究

以13C（a,n）16O和22Ne（a,n）25Mg为中子源,对3M⊙低质量热脉冲AGB星,采用无分叉S－过程反应通道及较新的中子俘获截面,结合1997年给出的最新恒星演化计算结果,在平均中子辐照量τ0的合理取值范围内,计算了重元素丰度和碳氧比的演化,并给出理论计算结果与观测值的比较．     

PPI反应决定的恒星结构稳定性与引力─温度梯度效应

用非平衡态热力学方法建立了描述恒星内部热核反应的动力学方程，进而研究ＰＰＩ反应决定的恒星结构稳定性，获得了稳定性判据以及引力和温度梯度（简称ｇＴ）效应的表达式．结果表明，ＰＰＩ反应是稳定的，扩散总是起维持稳定的作用，而热扩散起破坏稳定的作用；给出了ｇ－Ｔ效应起主导作用、维持稳定作用以及破坏稳定作用时的条件，同时指出ｇ－Ｔ效应与元素丰度有关．     

Nucleosynthetic signatures of the first stars

The chemically most primitive stars provide constraints on the nature of the first stellar objects that formed in the Universe; elements other than hydrogen, helium and traces of lithium present within these objects were generated by nucleosynthesis in the very first stars. The relative abundances of elements in the surviving primitive stars reflect the masses of the first stars, because the pathways of nucleosynthesis are quite sensitive to stellar masses. Several models have been suggested to explain the origin of the abundance pattern of the giant star HE0107-5240, which hitherto exhibited the highest deficiency of heavy elements known. Here we report the discovery of HE1327-2326, a subgiant or main-sequence star with an iron abundance about a factor of two lower than that of HE0107-5240. Both stars show extreme overabundances of carbon and nitrogen with respect to iron, suggesting a similar origin of the abundance patterns. The unexpectedly low Li and high Sr abundances of HE1327-2326, however, challenge existing theoretical understanding: no model predicts the high Sr abundance or provides a Li depletion mechanism consistent with data available for the most metal-poor stars.     

大质量中子星可包含超子

在相对论平均场理论(RMFT)框架下考虑超子自由度, 用7个参数组计算中子星的质量, 并分析超子耦合常数对中子星最大质量的影响. 结果表明: 对应状态方程（EOS）较硬的3个参数组（NLSH,NL3,NL2）, 中子星的最大质量可达已观测到中子星PSR J0348+0432和PSR J1614-2230及双中子星合并GW170817中给出的质量, 即大质量中子星结构中可包含超子相； 随着超子耦合常数χ的增大, 状态方程变硬, 中子星最大质量增大； 当NLSH参数组的χ≥0.6时, 中子星最大质量均大于2M⊙（M⊙为太阳质量）. 因此, 合理选择状态方程较硬的参数组与较强超子耦合常数可获得大质量中子星.