拉曼光谱预处理中几种小波去噪方法的分析

拉曼光谱分析中,噪声的存在常影响分析的准确度和检测限.以钙长石的拉曼光谱为研究对象,探讨小波变换在拉曼光谱信号去噪方面的应用,分别采用移动窗口最小二乘多项式平滑、移动窗口中位数平滑、非线性小波软硬阈值法和小波变换模极大值法对加噪后的拉曼光谱进行去噪并对去噪效果进行比较.结果表明,小波变换模极大值光谱去噪法得到了较高的信噪比,小波软硬阈值法次之,其他2种方法去噪效果较差.小波变换模极大值法能够有效去除光谱噪声,并很好地保留了光谱信号特征,为拉曼光谱的校正模型的建立奠定了良好的基础.     

基于小波熵的矿用齿轮箱振动信号相关去噪法

 利用真实信号小波系数相邻层间相关性强的特性,将基于小波熵的相关去噪法应用于矿用齿轮箱振动信号的处理,进行有用系数和噪声系数的划分,并对有用的小波系数进行重构,恢复原有真实信号,去噪过程中采用小波熵自适应设定阈值。为比较小波自适应相关去噪和硬阈值与传统相关性去噪的性能,分别对仿真信号和齿轮箱实测振动信号进行去噪处理,通过3种去噪方法的重构波形对比和信噪比与标准差的定量评价,以及实测信号的功率谱分析,表明小波熵相关去噪法有效提高了矿用齿轮箱振动信号的可信度。     

基于改进阈值的振动信号小波去噪方法研究

为了解决现有小波阈值去噪方法中硬、软阈值函数存在的缺陷,提高小波阈值去噪效果,文章通过研究不同阈值函数的去噪原理,提出一种应用于小波去噪的改进阈值函数,使其同时具有硬、软阈值处理的优点;并利用MATLAB分别对仿真信号和实际车削振动信号进行分析,验证改进阈值函数的可行性。结果表明：相较于传统的硬、软阈值函数去噪方法,该文提出的改进阈值小波去噪方法能更加有效去噪,在保留振动信号原貌特征的同时,提高信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)并减小均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE),适合非平稳振动信号去噪,为后续信号处理和车刀磨损状态识别工作奠定了一定的基础。     

基于提升小波变换的心音去噪新方法

针对传统的小波阈值函数去噪无法有效滤除信号中的特定噪声,结合软、硬阈值函数的优点,提出了一种基于提升小波新阈值函数算法对心音信号进行去噪.首先利用提升小波变换对心音信号进行分解;然后利用新阈值函数更新其小波系数进行重构;最后与提升小波软、硬阈值函数去噪后的心音进行了希尔伯特包络提取验证其去噪效果.实验结果表明,提出的提升小波去噪新方法较软、硬阈值方法有更好的滤波效果,且提取的曲线包络更加清晰、平滑.     

基于LabVIEW的小波阈值融合算法去噪分析

采用小波变换进行信号分解处理,通过分析阈值去噪所用的小波尺度及阈值选择法,提出选取BayesShrink自适应阈值估计,构建基于软、硬阈值折衷法和一种新阈值函数的多算法融合阈值处理方法.利用Matlab仿真实验分析该方法的可行性和有效性,在LabVIEW环境下进行实际工程信号的去噪测试.实例分析表明,该方法的主要优点在于它对随机强噪声的降噪效果明显.     

基于小波熵的最优阈值去噪方法

小波去噪的核心问题是如何选取合适的阈值函数,进而估计出原始信号的小波系数.现有的改进去噪函数中大都含有需要根据经验来确定的待定参数,易用性和去噪效果均不理想.基于信号的小波熵理论,提出了令去噪后得到原始信号和噪声信号的小波熵之和为最大、从而获得了最优的小波软阈值去噪函数.对含噪声的Blocks信号进行仿真分析的结果证实了文中提出方法的有效性,该方法比采用软、硬阈值方法具有更好去噪效果.     

一种改进的语音去噪方法(英文)

为了提高语音信号去噪效果,首先改进了小波包算法,提出了一种基于改进小波包的语音去噪方法.该方法将语音信号进行改进小波包分解,为每个终端结点提供一个阈值进行去噪处理.仿真实验表明,该方法比传统硬、软阈值方法更有效也更优越,能够比较准确地去除语音噪声.     

自适应小波阈值与平均算法去噪在拉曼光谱中的应用

拉曼光谱分析中,噪声的存在常影响分析的准确度和检测限.现有滤波方法在光谱信号除噪方面有种种缺陷.基于Dohono提出的小波阈值去噪,使用一种自适应小波阈值函数滤噪法并与平均算法相结合,实现信号与噪音的分离.该方法除噪完全,即使对信噪比小于1的高噪声信号也能够很好地保留信号的细节,获取满意的处理结果.     

基于平移不变小波变换的脑电信号去噪

鉴于传统小波阈值法去噪时,硬阈值函数存在不连续性,软阈值函数存在恒定偏差,去噪效果不佳,提出一种基于新阈值函数的小波平移不变量去噪法。首先构造一种任意阶可导的新阈值函数,再采用平移不变小波方法处理脑电信号。在matlab2009平台上分别采用软、硬阈值及改进方法对脑电信号进行去噪,结果表明:改进方法能够更好的保持脑电信号的特征,且具有更高的信噪比和更低的均方根误差。该方法去除脑电信号噪声性能优于传统小波阈值法,有利于准确提取脑电特征参数。     

基于EMD与小波阈值的爆破震动信号去噪方法

针对小波阈值法去噪效果有限和EMD低通法去噪存在信号失真问题,综合EMD方法分解、重构方便和小波阈值法灵活、可调的优点,提出一种EMD-小波阈值爆破震动信号去噪方法.基于某矿地表实测数据,借助EMD的自适应分解特性,在原始信号分解的基础上,识别属于高频噪声的IMF1和IMF2分量,并对其进行小波阈值去噪处理,提取淹没在噪声中的有用特征信息MF1和MF2,最后,将MF1、MF2与剩余IMF分量及余量R进行重构,得到干净信号.通过频谱和小波包能量分析知:EMD-小波阈值法既能有效去除噪声,又能很好保留真实信号,还可避免EMD分解的端点震荡效应,是一种高效的爆破震动信号去噪方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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