多粘类芽孢杆菌同步糖化发酵玉米粉生产(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇

【目的】对多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa的玉米粉同步糖化发酵工艺进行优化,以获得低成本、高效的(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇生产技术。【方法】研究玉米粉浓度、氮源种类和氮源浓度对菌体生长、耗糖能力以及(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇产量、产率、得率和转化率的影响,并在此基础上进一步考察培养基中其它成分对(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇发酵的影响。【结果】优化后的培养基组分为玉米干粉140g/L,酵母粉30g/L,Na_2HPO_4 3g/L,KH_2PO_43g/L,(NH_4)2SO_42g/L,MgSO_40.8g/L,微量元素溶液2mL/L。使用优化后的培养基进行同步糖化发酵,发酵50h后(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇产量达到56.28g/L(光学纯度为98.3%),对葡萄糖的得率为0.44g/g,产率为1.13g/(L·h)。【结论】(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇生产技术低价高效,可为其工业化生产提供参考。     

利用污泥制备微生物灭蚊剂的研究

以活菌数、芽孢数和毒效为参数,通过摇瓶发酵试验探讨了污泥为原料制备微生物灭蚊剂的可行性.结果表明,在含固率适宜的条件下,污泥是微生物灭蚊菌株Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 187(简称Bti 187)和 Bacillussphaericus 2362(简称Bs 2362)的优良产孢产毒培养基.Bti 187和Bs 2362在污泥中发酵42h,活菌数分别可达3.7×108CFU/mL、3.6×108CFU/mL;抗热性芽孢数分别可达2.6×108CFU/mL、3.5×108CFU/mL,均显著高于常规LB培养基.毒力测定表明,在污泥中发酵42h后,Bti 187发酵液对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的LC50分别为1.05μg/mL、0.93μg/mL,Bs 2362发酵液对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的LC50分别为0.69μg/mL和103.4μg/mL.与常规LB培养基相比,杀蚊幼虫毒效显著提高.采用污泥发酵制备微生物灭蚊剂可降低生产成本,且发酵性能优良,为污泥资源化开辟了新途径.     

地衣芽孢杆菌YDY高产吲哚乙酸发酵条件的优化

为了得到地衣芽孢杆菌YDY高产吲哚乙酸最佳发酵条件,通过单因素实验和正交实验分别对碳源,氮源,金属离子等培养基各成分进行了优化筛选,确定最适的培养基成分及含量,同时还对其温度、pH、培养时间、接种量等培养条件进行了优化,确定了最适的培养条件.结果表明,通过优化得到了最佳培养基配方和培养条件:培养基为麦芽糖10 g/L、蛋白胨15 g/L、CaCl_20.1 g/L、pH为8.0,最适培养温度37℃,培养时间3 d,最佳接种量为1%.在最佳培养条件下,吲哚乙酸产量可达40μg/mL以上,与优化前相比,吲哚乙酸产量提高了约17μg/mL,达到了预期目的.     

通过红曲霉-土曲霉属间原生质体融合提高Monacolin K产量

为获得高产Monacolin K的红曲霉菌株,将高产Monacolin K的土曲霉Aspergillus terreus CA99与低产Monacolin K的红曲霉Monascus anka M-3进行原生质体融合．生长24 h的A．terrus CA99和M．anka M-3菌株用0．5％溶壁酶、0．3％蜗牛酶和0．3％纤维素酶混合酶液分别在34℃和30℃下处理5 h和3．5 h,原生质体的形成率分别为1．76×10~7/mL和1．68×10~7/mL．两种原生质体分别置于30W的紫外灯下,距离30 cm照射3 min灭活,等浓度混合后用浓度为30％的PEG 6000融合15min．再生平板上共选取363株融合子,从中筛选得到多株Monacolin K产量高于出发菌株的高产融合子,其中有10株产量的提高幅度超过60％,有2株融合子(F49和F104)产量提高了将近一倍,分别为460μg/mL和457μg/mL．对F49的发酵培养基进行优化,Monacolin K发酵单位达到了1216μg/mL．     

丝瓜布固定化米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸

L-乳酸因其为生产绿色化学材料聚L-乳酸的原料而倍受重视．文中以米根霉As3．6462为菌种,玉米淀粉为原料,研究了用吸附固定米根霉发酵L等L酸．结果表明,相对聚乙烯醇、棉布,丝瓜布有更好的固定化效果．实验条件下,载体边长在8—10mm,载体用量为15mL／50mL种子培养基,玉米淀粉发酵L-乳酸产量为72—83g/L,连续发酵4批后产量基本稳定．丝瓜布固定化米根霉发酵L看L酸有良好的工业的应用前景．     

L-乳酸发酵培养基的研究

最终试验结果表明，发酵培养基成分为碳源为葡萄糖添加量为6％时L-乳酸的产量8.1g/l，氮源为牛肉膏添加量为2％时L-乳酸的产量9．02g/l，PH为6．5时5．62g/l，均为同一条件下的最高产酸量，最终确定最佳发酵培养基为6％葡萄糖、2％牛肉膏添、PH为6．5。     

L-乳酸米根霉发酵条件优化研究

运用正交试验设计理论,对高产L-乳酸突变株NAF-032的最佳摇瓶发酵条件进行了研究,确定了最佳的发酵培养基和发酵条件.最佳发酵培养基为(g/L):葡萄糖160,氯化铵2,KH2PO4 0.3,MgSO4·7H2O 0.25,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.08.最佳培养条件为:34℃,摇床转速200 r/min,250 mL三角瓶装培养液50 mL,一次性添加CaCO380 g/L用于调节pH值.在最适发酵条件下,米根霉NAF-032的摇瓶发酵产L-乳酸产量达123.3 g/L.     

鲍肠道益生菌芽孢杆菌A3440菌株培养基及发酵条件优化

对一株来自于杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)肠道并经证实具有显著促进其生长及免疫活性的同温层芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stratosphericus)A3440菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,为该益生菌应用于鲍及其他水产动物的健康养殖奠定基础.以细菌芽孢率和蛋白酶活力为检测指标,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验优化发酵培养基组分及发酵条件.结果显示,该菌最佳发酵配方为:蛋白胨7g/L,酵母膏7g/L,NaCl 20g/L,CaCl20.20g/L;最佳发酵条件为:初始pH 9.0,培养温度30℃,种子液接种量8%,装液量30 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),培养时间24h.优化后芽孢率为94.3%,较基础培养基提高8.77%;蛋白酶活力为294.44U/mL,较基础培养基提高76.67%.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌LLB19发酵培养基的优化

通过单因子实验对苏云金芽孢杆菌LLB19菌株发酵培养基碳氮源配方进行优化,确定以玉米淀粉、玉米粉为发酵培养基的碳源;以黄豆饼粉、酵母粉作为发酵培养基的氮源.采用Plackett-Burman设计,SAS软件分析该菌株的发酵培养基配方,确定了玉米淀粉、黄豆饼粉、酵母粉为影响LLB19菌株芽孢含量的3种重要因子.运用爬坡路径法对这3种因子进行实验,获得这3种重要因子的最适质量浓度范围.通过响应面分析法,得出3种重要影响因子的交互作用及最佳条件.确定LLB19菌株产芽孢最佳发酵培养基为:玉米淀粉20.0 g/L,黄豆饼粉26.7 g/L,酵母粉5.5 g/L,K2HPO4 0.3 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,CaCO3 0.4 g/L,ZnSO4 0.2 g/L.最佳发酵培养基芽孢数为4.250×107/mL,与初始培养基芽孢数3.410×107/mL相比提高了24.6%.     

抗植物软腐病枯草芽孢杆菌的高密度发酵优化

为提高菌体产量,以益生菌枯草芽孢杆菌Asr作为发酵菌株,采用正交试验法和响应面法,对枯草芽孢杆菌Asr的发酵工艺进行了优化研究。结果表明,影响菌体产量最主要的3个因素为酵母浸粉、MgSO₄和CaCl₂;最佳发酵培养基配方为蔗糖20 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母浸粉8.65 g/L,K₂HPO₄ 3.0 g/L,MgSO₄ 0.27 g/L,CaCl₂ 0.53 g/L;最佳培养条件为温度37 ℃、初始pH值7.0、接种量10%、搅拌转速250 r/min;应用优化配方及工艺,枯草芽孢杆菌Asr的最高产量达到7.30×10⁸ cfu/mL,菌体产量较优化前提高了3.95倍。研究结果可为后续菌体发酵罐的扩大培养提供技术支撑,对其他枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的优化研究提供借鉴。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with