基于MAS的形式化数据流图的方法

由于Ｄｅ Ｍａｒｃｏ的数据流图缺乏形式化的描述方法，本文提出了一种使用的综合知识表示模型ＭＡＳ来形式化描述ＤＤＦＤ的新方法。使用此方法，能方便地建立一些有关ＤＤＦＤ的知识规则，并能对ＤＤＦＤ自动进行一致性和完全性检查。     

DFD的描述语言及其自动生成系统

介绍一种ＤＦＤ的描述语言。通过描述语言对ＤＦＤ的表达，系统自动进行其层次划分、数据转换，并绘制ＤＦＤ图。     

水稻花发育相关MADS-box基因的克隆

以水稻幼穗总ＲＮＡ为模板,利用３′－ＲＡＣＥ克隆了８个接近于全长的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ 基因的ｃＤＮＡ．在ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ 的数据库中查询表明,其中２个ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ１,ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ２分别与已报道的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ 基因Ｏｓ－ＭＡＤＳ５和ＯｓＭＡＤＳ４５有极高的同源性,另外６个为新的尚未见报道的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ 基因．系统进化树分析表明ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ１,ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ２和ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ４可能与Ｃ组基因的功能相关;ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ３,ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ６和ＦＤＲ－ＭＡＤＳ７可能与Ａ 组基因的功能相关     

与光系统Ⅱ颗粒结合的蛋白酶的进一步分析

依次用三种溶液抽提处理菠菜光系统Ⅱ颗粒，离心后分离得到主要含１８ｋＤ，２４ｋＤ和３３ｋＤ水溶性蛋白的三种抽提液，利用ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测到前两种抽提液中均含蛋白酶。抽提液分别温育时，１８ｋＤ蛋白被降解而产生１７．１ｋＤ，１６ｋｄ，１４．４Ｋｄ．１３．５ｋＤ和１２ｋＤ片段；２４ｋＤ蛋白被孜解成２２ｋＤ，２０ｋＤ和１８ｋＤ。     

短裙竹荪子实体酸提水溶性多糖的研究——Dd-2DE的分离纯化和组成鉴定

短裙竹荪（Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｏｒａｄｕｐｌｉｃａｔａ）子实体干品的３％三氯乙酸提取液经乙醇分级、ＤＥＡＥ—纤维素等进一步纯化得到水溶性多糖Ｄｄ—２ＤＥ．经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ—２００柱层析和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,Ｄｄ—２ＤＥ为均一级份．纸层析和气相层析表明,Ｄ—葡萄糖、Ｄ—半乳糖、Ｄ—甘露糖、Ｌ—岩藻糖和Ｄ—木糖为该多糖的组份,其单糖摩尔比为０．４７１．７２１．０００．１８０．２１．Ｄｄ—２ＤＥ的分子量约为７６０００Ｄａ．     

海洋环境中溶解有机磷的生物活性初探

在实验室条件下，用三种溶解有机磷化合物（ＤＯＰ）对浮游植物进行一次性培养，结果表明：三磷酸腺苷、甘油磷酸钠、核糖－５－磷酸均可被浮游植物吸收利用，而且ＤＯＰ与溶解无机磷（ＤＩＰ）具有相近的营养性；ＤＯＰ和ＤＩＰ共存时，浮游植物先吸收ＤＩＰ．ＤＯＰ的利用受到抑制，当ＤＩＰ耗尽后，ＤＯＰ亦被吸收；介质中ＤＯＰ浓度较低时，吸收速率更快，显示了ＤＯＰ潜在的环境效应．     

动态数据系统软件的移植、优化与调试

动态数据系统（ＤＤＳ）作为一种构思新颖的系统建模方法，在系统辨识领域里已日渐受到重视。本文结合我们的使用经验，介绍了ＤＤＳ软件在向ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ微型机上移植的基本思想．移植中遇到的特殊问题及其处理方法。利用软件工程中的ＳＤ方法，成功地获得了结构化ＤＤＳＤ软件。实际应用结果表明，ＤＤＳＤ软件不仅保留了ＤＤＳ软件的全部功能．而且优化了源程序结构与算法，扩充了软件的处理功能，特别是移植后的ＤＤＳＤ软件能方便地在ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ及其兼容机上运行。此外，本实践也为从事系统仿真研究的科研工作者在微型机上移植或开发大型系统仿真软件提供了参考。     

急性心肌梗死患者外周血T淋巴细胞和NK细胞的变化

目的：研究急性心肌梗死患者外周血 Ｔ 淋巴细胞的变化。方法：采用流式细胞仪技术,观察１５ 例急性心肌梗死患者外周血 Ｔ 淋巴细胞 Ｃ Ｄ２ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ３ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ４ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ８ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ１６ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ２５ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ２７ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ５７ ＋ 变化,并与１２ 例正常对照组比较。结果： Ｃ Ｄ２ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ３ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ１６ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ２７ ＋ 、 Ｃ Ｄ５７ ＋ 无显著性变化; Ｃ Ｄ４ ＋ 明显减少, Ｃ Ｄ８ ＋ 明显增加, Ｃ Ｄ４ ＋ ／ Ｃ Ｄ８ ＋ 比值显著降低; Ｃ Ｄ２５ ＋ 显著降低。结论：急性心肌梗死患者 Ｔ 淋巴细胞亚群功能紊乱,细胞免疫功能受抑制。     

DVD1.0影碟机的原理与设计

简要叙述只读光盘１．０版本ＤＶＤ文件结构的电路原理。介绍了松下开发的１．０版本ＤＶＤ－Ａ３００ＭＵ影碟机电路结构，并设计了一个两片ＤＶＤ解码电路。     

一个Hardy-Hilbert类不等式的一个改进

利用改进了的Cauchy不等式对1个类似于Hardy-Hilbert不等式的不等式作了改进.建立了1个新的不等式：〖ＤＤ（〗∞〖〗ｎ＝１〖ＤＤ）〗〖ＤＤ（〗∞〖〗ｍ＝１〖ＤＤ）〗〖ＳＸ（〗ａｍｂｎ〖〗ｌｎ　ｍ＋ｌｎ　ｎ＋１〖ＳＸ）〗＜π〖ＪＢ（｛〗〖ＤＤ（〗∞〖〗ｎ＝１〖ＤＤ）〗ｎａ２ｎ〖ＤＤ（〗∞〖〗ｎ＝１〖ＤＤ）〗ｎｂ２ｎ〖ＪＢ）｝〗１／２（１－Ｒ）１／２．其中Ｒ＝〖ＪＢ（（〗〖ＳＸ（〗（α,γ）〖〗‖α‖〖ＳＸ）〗－〖ＳＸ（〗（β,γ）〖〗‖β‖〖ＳＸ）〗〖ＪＢ））〗２.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD45RA+,CD45RO+T淋巴细胞亚群的特点及临床意义

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD4＋CD45RA＋，CD4＋CD45RO＋，CD8＋CD45RA＋和CD8＋CD45RO＋T淋巴细胞亚群的特点及及其与肝病病情的关系．方法 采集46例轻中度慢性乙型肝炎患者、58例重度慢性乙型肝炎患者和30例健康人的外周抗凝血，应用流式细胞技术三色荧光分析法对其外周血中CD4＋CD45RA＋，CD4＋CD45RO＋，CD8＋CD45RA＋和CD8＋CD45RO＋T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测，结果轻中、重度慢性乙型肝楚患者与正常人相比．其外周血中CD4＋，CD8＋T细胞均无明显改变；CD8＋CD45RA＋T细胞均明显降低，CD8＋CD45RO＋T细胞均明显增高，而CD4＋CD45RA＋，CD4＋CD45RO＋T细胞均无明显改变；重度慢性乙型肝炎患者与轻中度慢性乙型肝炎患者相比，CD8＋CD45RA＋T细胞明显降低（P〈0．05），CD8＋CD45RO＋T细胞明显升高（P〈0．05）．结论乙型肝炎慢性化过程中，CD8＋CD45RO＋T细胞起重要作用且与慢性乙型肝炎患者病情的进展呈正相关；检测CD4＋CD45RA＋．CD4＋CD45RO＋．CD8＋CD45RA＋和CD8＋CD45RO＋T淋巴细胞亚群比检测CD4＋和CD8＋T细胞亚群能使我们更加正确、充分、全面地了解慢性乙型肝炎的发病机制和预后，从而有效地指导临床治疗。     

新型嵌合补体抑制分子HCI-3的设计构建及真核细胞表达的研究

目的：基于抑制补体活化的两个关键环节，即C3／C5转化酶及MAC的形成，设计、构建及制备一种新型、高效的补体抑制剂．方法：首先设计引物，通过PCR技术扩增重组可溶性CD46／CD55／CD59嵌合分子cDNA片段，重组于pcDNA3．1( )真核表达载体上，构建兼有三分子功能的CD46／CD55／CD59嵌合补体抑制分子，命名为HCI-3(Human Chimeric Complement Inhibitor,HCI-3)．分别利用COS-7细胞和CHO细胞进行表达，并用抗人CDl6多抗及抗人CD55，CD59单抗对表达产物进行Western Blotting鉴定．结果：DNA测序结果证实，前端带有CD59信号肽序列，后端融合有编码6个组氨酸碱基的HCl-3 cDNA片段的阅读框完整．免疫印迹结果显示，表达的重组蛋白分别能与抗人CD46多克隆抗体和抗人CD55，CD59单抗结合．结论：成功构建并在真核细胞内表达了重组可溶性HCl-3分子，为进一步研制和开发新一代多功能、多靶点补体抑制剂奠定了基础．     

Intrathymic signalling in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the T-cell receptor zeta chain

Thymic selection of the developing T-cell repertoire occurs in immature CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes and is thought to be mediated by signals transduced by T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) molecules and possibly by CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules as well. It is not known, however, which signal-transduction mechanisms function in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes on engagement of TCR, CD4 or CD8 molecules. In mature T cells, CD4 and CD8 molecules are each associated with the src-like protein tyrosine kinase p56 lck and signals transduced by TCR and CD4 activate tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate TCR-zeta chains and other intracellular substrates. Consequently, we examined whether tyrosine kinases could be similarly activated in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Unexpectedly, we found that TCR-zeta chains from CD4+CD8+ thymocytes were already phosphorylated in vivo, and that dephosphorylation of this TCR subunit occurred on removal of CD4+CD8+ cells from their intrathymic environment. Rephosphorylation of TCR-zeta in cultured CD4+CD8+ thymocytes occurred rapidly in vitro, either in response to cross-linking of TCR, CD4 or CD8 by specific monoclonal antibodies, or on cell-cell contact. These observations indicate that tyrosine kinases are activated in vivo in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes undergoing thymic differentiation and selection. They also indicate that TCR, CD4 and CD8 molecules can function in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes as signalling molecules to activate tyrosine kinases and that phosphorylated TCR-zeta serves as a marker of these signalling events.     

Enhancement of T cell immune response to lymphoma cells by CD28/CD80 alternative pathway

The aim of this study is to determine whether myeloma and lymphoma tumor cells can function as efficient antigen presenting cells (APC) to enhance the co-stimulation of T cells. The expression and function of T cell activation-related molecules, especially CD80, CD28, CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L), were studied on nine human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and two B lymphoma cell lines. In the case of myeloma cell lines, the cells generally lacked CD80 antigen and expressed a heterogeneous CD40, and the expressions of CD40 and CD80 molecules could not be induced by either CD28 stimulation or CD40 ligation. Conversely, in the two B lymphoma cell lines, tumor cells expressed both CD80 and CD40 to some extent. CD28 stimulation could obviously increase the expression of CD80, CD40 and some adhesion molecules, and therefore generate a more efficient anti- tumor cell immunity. In conclusion, CD28 stimulation combined with CD40 antibody or soluble CD40 ligand may be a promising immunotherapeutic approach to B lymphoma.     

Interleukin-4 mediates CD8 induction on human CD4+ T-cell clones

CD4 and CD8 antigens are simultaneously expressed on most of the cortical thymocytes, that weakly express the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)/CD3 complex. Mature peripheral T cells, however, strongly express the TCR complex and are positive for either CD4 or CD8. Nevertheless, a small percentage of peripheral CD3+ T cells express CD4 and CD8 simultaneously. These mature, double positive cells could be intermediates between CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and mature, single positive T cells, or they may originate from single positive T cells that acquire either CD4 or CD8. Here we report that activation and culturing of cloned CD4+ T cells in interleukin-4 (IL-4), results in the acquisition of CD8 due to its de novo synthesis. The IL-4-induced co-expression of CD8 on CD4+ T cells is reversible, in that CD8 disappeared from double positive T-cell clones isolated in IL-4, when they were cultured in IL-2. CD8 induced by IL-4 can be functional as a monoclonal antibody to CD8 inhibited anti-CD3-mediated cytotoxicity by a double positive T-cell clone.     

Association of CD2 and CD45 on human T lymphocytes

At least two membrane receptors have been defined through which human T lymphocytes can be induced to proliferate and differentiate, namely the CD3-Ti antigen receptor complex and the CD2 molecule. Monoclonal antibodies directed at either CD2 or CD3 induce intracellular second messenger production and subsequent protein phosphorylation. On most human non-B lymphocytes, CD3-Ti and CD2 are coexpressed and seem to be functionally interrelated. But there are minor subpopulations in which these receptor systems can transduce signals despite a mutually exclusive expression, indicating that CD3-Ti and CD2 can act independently of each other. This view is supported by the finding that most monoclonal antibodies directed at the CD45 molecules are strongly co-mitogenic with CD2 but not CD3 monoclonal antibodies. As the intracytoplasmic domains of CD45 have tyrosine phosphatase activity these functional effects could be explained by a physical association between CD2 and CD45. Using chemical crosslinking techniques, we now show that CD45 is linked to CD2 on the surface of human T lymphocytes.     

Engagement of the CD4 molecule influences cell surface expression of the T-cell receptor on thymocytes

The intrathymic differentiation process by which precursor cells derived from the bone marrow develop into immuno-competent T lymphocytes is poorly understood. Most thymocytes express both CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules, yet little is known about either the function of these molecules or the responsiveness of the CD4+8+ double positive thymocytes that bear them. Here, we address the possibility that CD4 engagement influences T-cell receptor (TCR) expression on developing thymocytes. We engaged CD4 molecules on murine thymocytes by in vivo injection of an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, which reduced the surface expression of CD4 on CD4+ thymocytes. More importantly, CD4 engagement also affected TCR expression on CD4+ thymocytes, but the effect on CD4+8+ double positive and CD4+8- single positive thymocytes was very different. CD4+8+ thymocytes responded to CD4 engagement by dramatically increasing surface expression of TCR, whereas CD4+8- thymocytes decreased surface expression of TCR. These results demonstrate that the effect of CD4 engagement on TCR expression is dependent upon the developmental state of the responding thymocyte, and, most interestingly, results in increased TCR expression by double positive thymocytes.     

饲养环境对C57BL/6J近交系小鼠免疫特性的影响

对普通级和清洁级C5 7BL 6J近交系小鼠的免疫指标CD4 + 、CD8+ 、CD3+ 、CD19+ 进行了测定 ,结果表明 :清洁级与普通级小鼠的CD8+ 、CD4 + CD8+ 指标差异显著 ,并且清洁级小鼠的CD4 + CD8+ 值低于普通级小鼠。为研究清洁级实验动物的特性提供基础数据     

CD21 is a ligand for CD23 and regulates IgE production.

The molecule CD23, a low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R2), is a type II transmembrane molecule expressed on many haemopoietic cell types. CD23 has pleiotropic roles in the control of lymphocyte behaviour, suggesting that CD23 may interact with another ligand in addition to IgE. To identify such a CD23 ligand, we expressed and purified full-length recombinant CD23, incorporated it into fluorescent liposomes and used these as a probe. We report here that fluorescent liposomes carrying CD23 interact specifically with the cell-surface protein CD21, identified as the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus and the complement receptor-2 on B cells, some T cells and follicular dendritic cells. In addition, fluorescent CD23-liposomes were shown to bind to hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) transfected with CD21 complementary DNA. The interaction between fluorescent CD23-liposomes and B cells or CD21-transfected BHK-21 cells was specifically inhibited by anti-CD21 and anti-CD23 monoclonal antibodies. Western blotting analysis revealed that 14C-labelled liposomes carrying CD23, in contrast to anti-CD21 antibodies, reacted with a subtype of CD21 molecules. Triggering of CD21 either with an anti-CD21 antibody or with recombinant soluble CD23 was shown to increase specifically interleukin-4-induced IgE production from blood mononuclear cells. These results demonstrate that the cell-surface protein CD21 is a ligand for CD23 and that the pairing of these molecules may participate in the control of IgE production.