退火条件对氧化钒薄膜微观结构的影响

采用直流对向靶磁控溅射的方法在SiO2／Si衬底上制备了具有（001）择优取向的V2O5薄膜，利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜和四探针测试方法对退火前后薄膜的表面形貌、物相组分和电阻温度系数进行了测量．结果表明：200℃衬底温度下溅射得到的薄膜为多晶V2O5，膜表面颗粒呈细长针状，经700℃、1h退火后，薄膜中VO2相成分增多，颗粒变为长方形柱状；退火后薄膜的电阻温度系数达到-3.2％／K，与薄膜的微结构和物相组分有很大关系：3h退火后．得到高纯度的V2O5薄膜．     

a-Si:H薄膜固相晶化法制备大晶粒多晶硅薄膜

用等离子体化学气相沉积（PCVD）法制备：a－Si：N薄膜材料（衬底温度20O℃～350℃），用固相晶化法（SPC）获得多晶硅薄膜（退火温度500℃～650℃）,用X射线衍射法测得平均晶粒尺寸依赖于退火温度和沉积条件，随着沉积温度的降低需要较高的退火温度,用SEM观测形貌测得平均晶粒大小为1,0～1,5μm     

衬底温度对ZnO：Al薄膜结构和光透过性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解方法以不同的沉积温度（450～530℃）在石英衬底上制备出具备较高光学质量的ZnO：Al（AZO）薄膜.通过X射线衍射谱（XRD）研究了薄膜的结构,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了薄膜的表面形貌,用紫外可见（UV）分光光度计对薄膜的光透过特性进行了测试分析.结果表明：所制备薄膜在可见波段具有较高透过率,并且沉积温度对AZO薄膜的结构和光透过性能有很大影响.在衬底温度为470℃时得到的AZO薄膜具有（002）择优取向,结晶质量最好、光透过率最高,在可见光区平均透过率达到85%以上.     

衬底温度对In_xGa_（1-x）N薄膜结构特性的影响

本文采用MOCVD工艺,通过调整衬底温度（固定其它工艺参数）来沉积用于太阳电池的InxGa1-xN薄膜,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和台阶仪来分析研究其结构特性.衬底温度较低时有利于薄膜的In注入,衬底温度较高时有利于沉积高结晶质量的InxGa1-xN薄膜.当衬底温度为470℃时,在硅衬底上所沉积的InxGa1-xN薄膜In含量较高,为46.92%;薄膜表面光滑致密,粗糙度小;颗粒较大,且颗粒大小均匀.     

氧化钒薄膜的掺锆实验研究

以V2O5和Zr（NO3）4．5H2O为原料，采用无机溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺Zr^4＋的VOx（2≤X≤2．5）相变薄膜。通过对掺杂薄膜的物相组成、价态、相结构的XPS和XRD分析及电阻突变量级和电阻突变温度的测试，结果发现：所制备的掺杂薄膜其主要成分是VO2，所掺入的Zr与VOx完全互溶，但其中Zr的价态未发生改变。掺杂薄膜随Zr含量的增加其电阻突变温度下降．同时其电阻突变量级也随之降低。     

工业五氧化二钒制备V2O5半导体薄膜分析

用攀钢工业V2O5为原料采用无机溶胶－凝胶法制备V2O5溶胶和凝胶，并用此胶体不同衬底上制备出透明的半导体V2O5薄膜。研究了胶体粘度对涂膜的影响，以及薄膜电阻率与温度、烘干处理和厚度的关系。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了薄膜的微观形貌，用XRD研究了薄膜的成份及其变化。结果表明：胶体粘度对涂膜有较大影响；温度、湿份、薄膜厚度对薄膜电阻率均有较大影响；V2O5薄膜由针状V2O5颗粒组成，在衬度上呈均匀分布，且结构比较密集，其颗粒径向尺寸为0.5-1.0μm，长度方向为3.0-5.0μm。烘干处理后颗粒轮廓略有模糊、结构稀疏且尺寸有所长大，同时新生成了一些钒化合物。     

衬底温度对Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜结构和透过率的影响

采用磁控溅射法在载玻片上制备了具有c轴高择优取向的Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和紫外-可见分光光度计（UV—Vis）研究了衬底温度对Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及光学透射特性的影响．结果表明,在衬底温度为400℃时制备的Zn0.98Cr0.02薄膜具有最好的结晶质量;衬底温度对薄膜的吸收边基本没有影响,但衬底温度为400℃时薄膜具有较高的透过率,其原因是在该奈件下薄膜具有较好的结晶质量．     

脉冲激光沉积法制备氧化铋薄膜及其电化学性质研究

首次采用355nm脉冲激光沉积在不锈钢基片上制备了氧化铋薄膜，X—射线衍射(XRD)测试表明在基片温度为300℃，沉积时间为0．5h制备得到的Bi2O3薄膜具有四方结构，SEM和Raman光谱测定对该Bi2O3薄膜的表面形貌和锂化前后的结构进行了表征，结果表明薄膜由小于100nm针状晶粒组成，锂化后的产物可能是LixBi2O3。此外，由电位阶跃法测定了上述Bi2O3薄膜电极的锂离子扩散系数。电化学测定表明，上述Bi2O3薄膜具有充放电循环性能,在电压范围为0．70～3．5V，该氧化铋薄膜在充放电速率为2C时的比容量大约为100mAh／g，并且保持经100次以上充放电循环而没有明显的衰减。     

V2O5薄膜结构和性能研究

在常温下，用脉冲磁控溅射方法石英玻璃和硅片上制备了薄膜，经过450℃退火，得到V2O5薄膜。用XRD、XPS和AFM对薄膜微观结构进行了测试，用分光光度计测量从200～2500nm波段V2O5薄膜的透射和反射光谱。结果表明，V2O5薄膜纯度高、相结构单一、结晶度好。室温到320℃范围内电阻变化2个量级，薄膜的光学能隙为2．46eV，与V2O5体材料性能一致。     

热处理对铜基碳纳米管复合镀膜结构和性能的影响

研究热处理工艺参数对铜基碳纳米管复合薄膜的微观结构和性能的影响,采用超声辅助脉冲电流复合电沉积法在不锈钢基板上沉积制备铜基碳纳米管复合镀膜,再将制备的复合薄膜在H₂中进行热处理.利用X射线衍射谱仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及四探针电阻率仪等对热处理后的铜基碳纳米管复合镀膜进行了测试.结果表明,随着热处理温度和时间的变化,复合铜膜的结构、形貌及性能也相应变化;当热处理参数为400℃×2 h时,铜基碳纳米管薄膜的各项性能最佳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that