具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

三峡库区秭归县可持续发展水平测度的指标体系

县域可持续发展要求县域复合大系统中各子系统内部及各子系统之间实现可持续发展,将复合大系统分解为产业经济子系统、自然资源子系统、生态环境子系统、人口子系统。在确立衡量县域可持续发展标准的基础上,以三峡库区秭归县为例,运用多指标层次法建立了秭归县可持续发展水平测度的指标体系。     

p叶星形性与单叶性的一些充分条件

本文导出单位圆盘内解析函数的p叶星形性与单叶性的某些充分条件,拓广和改进Owa[5,6]与Nunokawa[3]的若干主要结果。     

风力发电机扭矩动态测试新方法

风力机风轮输出机械能的多少直接反映出风力机风能利用效率的高低，因此正确地测定风轮的输出扭矩是鉴定风力机风轮转换效率的关键一着。该文利用能量转换原理对自然风况下风力机扭矩的动态测试方法进行了探讨．并做了一些有意义的实验和分析．     

严格正则系统同时镇定问题的一个数值解法

本文先运用多项式稳定性的一个充分判据，将严格正则线性系统的同时镇定问题化成一组非线性不等式的求解，然后提出了一种求解非线性不等式组的拟牛顿下山数值算法，并应用该方法求解该组非线性不等式。算例表明本文方法的有效性     

双星的带宽

本文研究了双星图的带宽问题,给出了它的计算公式。     

汽车拉式膜片弹簧片的优化设计

通过对离合器膜片弹簧的变形特性和多种约束条件的分析 ,在参考成熟的离合器结构参数的基础上 ,提出了一种离合器膜片弹簧的优化设计模型 ,该模型可以使离合器的后备系数稳定 ,保证离合器可靠地工作 ,并用此方法进行了实例设计 ,结果表明 :优化设计后的膜片弹簧 ,后备系数的稳定性、最大当量应力以及分离力的大小均明显高于原设计。     

LQ-11型锯链切削试验台研制

<正>在分析国内外各种锯链切削试验台的基础上,设计出性能较完善的ＬＱ－１１型锯链切削试验台。此试验台能同时测三向切削阻力及驱动链轮轴的转矩转速。试材直接安装在测力传感器上,转矩转速传感器布置在靠近驱动链轮轴处,利用侧向力监控锯链跑偏,从而提高了测量精度。     

杉木基因型与环境交互效应的AMMI模型分析

对选自中国南方的１１２个杉木自由授粉家系在八个测试点进行了生长性状的遗传评定。ＡＭＭＩ（加性主效应与复合交互效应）模型分析揭示存在着显著的家系与地点交互效应。根据家系平均ＡＭＭＩ估算和交互第一主分量轴得分对地点所作的聚类分析，以及地点间的遗传相关分析，测试点被划分成四个地点群，有证据表证，就生长性状而言，杉木的育种区早分可能与地理区域尤其是纬度带相重叠。１１２个自由授粉家系依据其交互ＰＣＡ１及平均     

酸枣浸取工艺研究

本文研究了酸枣的间歇浸取、半连续逆流浸取、连续逆流浸取工艺，提出了最佳浸取条件。在浸取温度为５５℃，水枣比为３．８时，连续逆流浸取工艺浸取率达到９２％，浸汁浓度为１４°Ｂｒｉｘ。并用浸取能力值对这三种工艺进行了评价。