花状氧化锌微晶的合成、表征及光学性质研究

通过氯化锌和乙醇胺混合溶液,在95℃水热反应2 h合成了花状ZnO微晶.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和紫外可见光谱对产物进行了表征和分析.结果表明该花状ZnO微晶为纤锌矿结构,它是由长度约为2.5μm,直径约为90nm的单晶ZnO纳米棒自组装构成,并进一步研究了其生长机制.紫外可见光谱表明,该ZnO微晶在375nm附近有尖锐的吸收边.     

合成参数对MOCVD法生长氧化锌纳米针的影响

使用脉冲液滴注入式MOCVD,在金膜裹覆的MgO(100)衬底上于500℃合成氧化锌纳米针.纳米针为晶态并且在XRD谱线上主要呈现ZnO的4个衍射强峰(100)、(002)、(101)及(004).金没有起到催化剂的作用,在较薄(2.4nm)金膜上生长的纳米针密度较高且直径较小.500℃是ZnO纳米针较佳的合成温度,在温度不低于550℃时合成的是片状ZnO.每周期前驱体的注入剂量对纳米针的形貌有显著影响.充足的注入剂量(6.8mg/周期)能够保证纳米针合成,而较低的注入剂量(3.4mg/周期)将会合成较短且直径较小的纳米针.     

溅射与水热混合法制备ZnO纳米结构薄膜的异常光致发光特性(英文)

用一种混合方法用来制备ZnO纳米结构薄膜,首先利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上沉积ZnO薄膜作为种子层,然后用水热方法合成ZnO纳米结构薄膜.为研究ZnO纳米结构薄膜的特性,利用X——射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对薄膜的结构和形貌进行分析,并用X——光电子能谱技术(XPS)对薄膜的化学组份进行分析,最后利用光致发光方法(PL)对ZnO薄膜的发光性能进行了研究.从XRD谱图中可以看出,无论溅射的ZnO种子层还是水热合成ZnO纳米结构薄膜均为良好c轴(002)结晶状态的六角纤锌矿结构.从SEM图像看出,磁控溅射ZnO种子层为连续平整的膜状结构;而经过水热处理后则得到垂直于衬底的六角纳米棒和纳米片两种不同形貌的结构.XPS分析现示,在ZnO种子层中,锌和氧的比例基本上为1,说明磁控溅射ZnO晶体质量较好;而ZnO纳米结构薄膜中存在明显的氧空位缺陷.值得提出的是ZnO纳米薄膜光致发光谱存在异常的特性,采用波长为325 nm的He-Cd激光激发出可见光范围(500~700 nm)内的发光带,强度最强的是橙——红色的光(~600 nm),且肉眼可直接观察到.随着激发光波长在280~380 nm范围内变化,橙...     

化学气相沉积法合成梳状纳米ZnO及其发光性能研究

在600~700 ℃,无催化剂条件下热蒸发Zn及Zn与醋酸锌(Zn(Ac)2)的混合物,成功合成了梳状纳米ZnO.通过场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对各类反应条件下所制备的ZnO纳米形貌进行了观察,结果表明,ZnO纳米结构具有规整的梳状,且为单晶结构,同时对梳状纳米结构体系的生长机理进行了探讨.室温光致发光谱显示,梳状ZnO的紫外发射峰位为397 nm,有明显的红移,同时半高宽(FWHM)变大,而绿光发射峰位在453~493 nm之间分裂为4个次级峰,有明显的蓝移.     

ZnO微纳米盘的制备与光激射

本文采用简单的方法制备出ZnO微纳米盘.利用在空气气氛下,锌原子扩散距离短,有利于形成高的蒸气压,通过控制Zn源的质量和蒸发温度,在自催化生长机制下,获得了直径为微米量级和厚度从几百纳米到几微米的ZnO盘.XRD谱和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片表明样品为六方晶系纤锌矿ZnO微纳米盘,盘的排列具有高度的取向性,即择优生长方向为100晶向.样品在500 nm处有较强的缺陷发光峰和380 nm处较弱的激子发光峰.在355 nm脉冲激光泵浦下,实现了ZnO微盘的受激辐射行为.     

氧化锌纳米晶敏感材料的制备

用柠檬酸盐法合成了ZnO纳米晶,研究了不同灼烧温度及同一温度不同灼烧时间对ZnO纳米晶晶化过程的影响,探讨了合成ZnO纳米晶的最佳实验条件.用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热失重、差热、透射电镜等实验手段对ZnO纳米晶进行了研究.实验结果表明,用柠檬酸盐法制得的ZnO纳米晶属立方晶系,形貌为球形,纯度高,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径20nm.     

热氧化法合成ZnO纳米带及其光电特性研究

 应用低于锌熔点的低温金属固态热氧化的方法,并结合金催化作用,成功地在金属锌基底上自发生长出了氧化锌纳米带阵列。应用X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜,高分辩电子透射显微镜等技术对产物进行了观察研究。研究结果表明,金对纳米带形成具有明显的促进作用。合成的氧化锌纳米带的长度范围为6~14 μm,厚度约为40 nm,宽度范围为100~150 nm,其顶部没有发现明显的金颗粒。XRD结果表明纳米带晶体结构为六方结构的ZnO,合成的纳米带的相结构很接近于无催化剂合成的ZnO纳米线。高分辨透射电镜观察显示部分纳米带结晶良好。通过对生长的氧化锌纳米带进行的光致发光（PL）测试,表明在PL光谱中可以看到紫外区,绿光波段有两个主要的峰。     

花棒状ZnO单晶体的生长与表征

采用表面活性剂协助自组装法合成了花棒状ZnO,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱和荧光光谱对该化合物的晶体结构、样品形貌、振动光谱以及发射光谱进行了表征.结果表明:ZnO在表面活性剂的存在下,形成纤锌矿型的六方结构,晶体的生长是沿c轴[001]方向定向生长,并且聚集在某一中心的晶核向三维方向定向生长形成花状形貌.该ZnO晶体的晶胞参数为a=0.324 85(6)nm,c=0.520 43(8)nm,γ=120°.在测量波长范围内ZnO的发射光谱在315,400,473和560 nm左右出现荧光,这些发射光谱的波长位置不随激发光波长的增长而变化,而散射光谱峰的波长位置随激发光的波长增加而增加.     

生物膜孔模版中多形态ZnO纳米结构的生长及性能

以天然鸡蛋壳膜为模版,Zn(NO3)2乙醇溶液为溶剂,将鸡蛋壳膜在室温下(T=300 K)经过溶剂浸泡,然后叠放一定层数进行退火处理,生长出ZnO纳米晶体.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪分析了ZnO纳米晶体的形态、结构和荧光特性,研究了纳米晶体的生长模式,讨论了叠膜层数对其生长模式和形态的影响.鸡蛋壳膜孔中生长的ZnO纳米晶体为六方纤锌矿结构,纳米晶体的尺寸和形态依赖叠模版的层数.叠放单层模版,模版容易发生卷曲,使其中生长的ZnO颗粒自组装成管状;叠放多层模版,模版之间的相互限制控制了ZnO的生长方向,使ZnO颗粒趋向于聚集成致密的六角形片状形态.ZnO颗粒的尺寸随膜层的增加而减小,各种形态的ZnO纳米晶体都具有强的紫外荧光.     

ZnO纳米结构的控制生长及其光电化学性能研究

本文采用简单的低温油浴反应法制备了六方柱状短棒、六方柱状长棒和片层状自组装ZnO花状纳米结构.通过对反应温度、表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)用量等实验条件的控制,合成了形态可控的ZnO花状纳米结构.用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜对ZnO纳米结构的成分、尺寸和形态进行了表征分析.实验研究表明,表面活性剂PVP的用量和反应温度对ZnO纳米结构的形态产生显著影响,探讨了PVP的作用及ZnO纳米结构的生长机制.光电化学性能研究表明,ZnO纳米结构的形态对其光电化学性能具有显著影响.基于实验和分析,我们对不同形态ZnO花状纳米结构的光电化学性能作了合理的解释.本文所制备的ZnO纳米结构在光解水制氢及环境污染水净化处理等清洁能源和环境治理领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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