Ti^19＋离子的能量和量子亏损

利用全实加关联（FCPC）方法计算了类锂Ti^19＋离子的激发态1s2nl（l=d,f,n≤9）的非相对论的电离能;将相对论效应（电子动能的相对论修正,Darwin项,电子-电子接触项以及轨道-轨道相互作用）和质量极化效应作为微扰,计算了它们对体系能量的修正;利用有效核电荷方法计算了电子的量子电动力学（QED）效应对电离势和激发能的贡献。在用FCPC方法得到的Ti^19＋离子的激发态能量的基础上,以单通道量子亏损理论（QDT）为依据,计算了这两个Rydberg系列的量子数亏损;将得到的量子数亏损作为输入,根据Rydberg公式又实现了对任意高激发态的能量的理论预言。     

类锂Zn~(27+)离子的能量和量子数亏损

用全实加关联(FCPC)方法计算了类锂Zn27+离子1s2np态的非相对论能量和波函数。给出了类锂Zn27+离子1s2np组态(n≤9)的电离势、激发能和跃迁能。依据单通道量子亏损理论,确定了1s2np Rydberg系列的量子数亏损。用这些作为能量的缓变函数的量子亏损,可以实现对任意高激发态(n≥10)的能量的可靠预言。     

碱金属原子高激发态的唯象势

对碱金属原子的高激发态提出了一个新的唯象势，并用ＰＷＫＢ法给出了量子亏损（因而能级）的计算公式．此式可以诠释著名的Ｒｉｔｚ经验公式．对钠原子高激发态（（３≤ｌ≤５，１３≤ｎ≤１７）的计算表明，理论值与实验值之间相符较好．     

Cr21+离子1s22s-1s2np的跃迁能和偶极振子强度

用全实加关联方法计算了类锂Cr^21＋离子1s^2 2s-1s^2 np（2≤n≤9）的跃迁能和1s^2 np（n≤9）态的精细结构．依据单通道量子亏损理论,确定了Rydberg系列1s^2 np的量子数亏损．用这些作为能量的缓变函数的量子亏损,可以实现对任意高激发态（n≥10）的能量的可靠预言．用在计算能量过程中确定的波函数,计算了Cr^21＋离子1s^2 2s-1s^2 np（2≤n≤9）跃迁的振子强度．将这些分立态振子强度与单通道量子亏损理论相结合,得到该离子从基态到电离阈附近高激发束缚态间的偶极跃迁振子强度以及束缚态-连续态跃迁的振子强度密度,从而将Cr^21＋离子的这一重要光谱特性的理论预言外推到整个能域．     

类锂体系（Z=11-20）1s^2 3s-1s^2np（4≤n≤9）偶极跃迁振子强度的理论计算

利用全实加关联的方法计算类锂体系（Z=11-20）1s^2 3s-1s^2np（4≤n≤9）偶极跃迁振子强度,分析所得的结果的物理规律,并与现有的实验数据比较,结果符合得很好,实现了对具有较大核电荷数的类锂体系任意高激发态的能量的理论预言．     

Co~(24+)离子1s~2nd(3≤n≤9)态的激发能和精细结构

用全实加关联方法计算了类锂Co24+离子1s2nd(3≤n≤9)态的非相对论能量;在考虑了一阶相对论效应和质量极化效应对体系能量的一级修正的基础上,估算了高阶相对论修正和QED修正对能量的影响,计算了该离子1s2nd态的电离能、激发能和精细结构,得到与现有实验数据符合得很好的结果.在此基础上,与量子亏损理论结合,实现了对Co24+离子任意高激发态(n≥10)的能量的可靠预言.     

Cu~(26+)离子里德堡系列的电离能和量子数亏损

应用全实加关联(FCPC)方法,计算了类锂Cu~(26+)离子1s~2nl(l=d,f;n≤9)2个里德堡系列电离能,得到的计算结果与现有的实验数据高度符合;结合量子数亏损理论,确定了类锂Cu~(26+)离子1s~2nl(l=d,f;n≤9)态的量子数亏损;分析了量子数亏损随着主量子数n和轨道角动量l的变化规律;在此基础上,根据半经验方法实现了对高激发态的能量的理论预言。     

类锂原子体系基态和激发态的比质量移位

用全实加关联波函数计算了类锂原子体系（核电荷3～10）的基态ls22s和激发态ls2nl（l=s，p，d，f；n≤5）的比质量移位．与实验数据及其它理论结果的比较表明，全实加关联方法适用于计算对电子关联效应特别敏感的物理量．     

Fe^23＋离子的能量和精细结构

应用全实加关联方法计算了类锂Fe^23＋离子的1s^2nl（l=s,p）组态的非相对论能量和波函数。非相对论能量用Rayleigh-Ritz变分法确定,包括动能修正、电子-电子接触项、轨道-轨道相互作用项以及Darwin项的相对论修正和质量极化项由全实加关联波函数的一阶微扰给出,量子电动力学修正由有效核电荷方法和类氢公式计算;给出了较高核电荷（Z=26）类锂体系1s^2nl（l=s,P）组态的电离能、激发能和1s^2np组态的精细结构劈裂。得到的理论结果与实验数据及物理规律符合的很好。     

Ti^19＋离子的电离能和精细结构

应用全实加关联方法计算了类锂Ti19＋离子的1s2n（ll=d,f;n≤9）组态的能级结构和波函数。非相对论能量用Rayleigh-Ritz变分法确定,相对论修正和质量极化效应用微扰论计算;量子电动力学修正用有效核电荷数方法计算。为了得到高精度的理论结果,还考虑了离子实修正和高角动量分波对能量的贡献。在能级精细结构的计算中不仅考虑了自旋-轨道相互作用还计及自旋-其它轨道相互作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the