斜纹夜蛾幼虫不同组织对Zn2+积累作用的比较研究

 通过在人工饲料中添加不同质量分数的Zn²⁺,研究了植食性昆虫斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius连续3代幼虫取食含不同质量分数Zn²⁺饲料后,第1和第3代6龄幼虫不同组织对Zn²⁺的积累作用。结果表明,经连续3个世代的胁迫,Zn²⁺在第1、3代斜纹夜蛾6龄幼虫脂肪体、表皮和中肠中的积累量随幼虫饲料中Zn²⁺ 质量分数及胁迫时间的增加而升高;中肠对Zn²⁺的积累作用最强,表皮次之,脂肪体最低。     

斜纹夜蛾精巢的发育和精子的发生

采用解剖观察、石蜡组织切片及苏木精-曙红染色方法,利用显微镜照相获取图像,研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫到成虫精巢的发育及精子的发生.研究结果表明:2个精巢在预蛹期开始融合,并在蛹期融合成1个;在成虫期,随着精子的排出,精巢体积逐渐减小;斜纹夜蛾雄性生殖细胞发育为有核精子和无核精子,2种精子的发生都经过精原细胞囊期、精母细胞囊期和精细胞囊期;精子的形成主要区别在于有核精子的细胞核有一个变形过程,而无核精子形成过程中不经过细胞核变形,且后期将细胞核丢弃.综上所述,有核精子的主要发育时期为6龄到蛹期,而无核精子的主要发育在蛹期.本研究结果可为进一步研究和控制精子形成以及利用生殖机理防治斜纹夜蛾打下基础.     

寄主植物和试虫龄期对斜纹夜蛾药剂敏感性的影响

采用浸叶法测定了取食芋、甘薯、白菜和空心菜4种不同寄主植物的斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）4龄幼虫对高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱、溴虫腈、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和氟虫腈的敏感性,比较了不同龄期幼虫对药剂的敏感性差异。结果表明：在取食的4种寄主植物中,斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫对以上5种药剂敏感性最高的均为甘薯,敏感性最低的均为芋,取食白菜和空心菜的幼虫对药剂的敏感性无明显差异;不同龄期斜纹夜蛾幼虫对药剂的敏感性存在显著差异,2—4龄幼虫随龄期的增加,药剂敏感性逐渐下降。     

EcR-RNAi和印楝素处理斜纹夜蛾幼虫诱导腹足发育受阻表型(英)简

蜕皮激素是一种可以诱导一系列变态发育关键过程的昆虫蜕皮调节激素,
与蜕皮激素受体结合以后与配体蛋白~Usp~作用形成一个复合体发挥作用.
通过兼并引物克隆获得斜纹夜蛾一个~600~bp~的~EcR
cDNAs~片段编码~200~个氨基酸, 斜纹夜蛾是东亚地区一种主要的农作物害虫.
利用这段序列设计了~EcR-dsRNA~通过注射幼虫的实验来分析~EcR~基因在不同发育阶段的功能.
同时利用印楝素喂食RNAi注射的幼虫观察其与正常对照组有何发育差异.
结果显示~EcR RNAi~会影响正常的蜕皮过程并导致不完成蛹化, 在~EcR
RNAi~注射并喂食印楝素的实验组,
幼虫出现生长迟缓、发育进程紊乱和腹足发育不正常等现象,
由此推测印楝素和~EcR RNAi~或许影响了蜕皮级联调控通路,
由此引发变态发育过程中组织重建紊乱.     

直流脉冲放电产生SO分子束:A'3→X3∑-跃迁

采用直流脉冲高压对SO₂/He(配比1:99,总压强3.0×10⁵Pa)混合气体放电产生SO超声分子束,SO自由基由电离其前体SO₂再解离而形成．发射光谱中350~500 nm波长范围的电子振动谱标识为SO(A'³→X³∑^-)跃迁,通过对实验谱线拟合,获得了该跃迁的带源ν₀₀ = 29524(8) cm^-1,SO(A'³Δ)的光谱常数ω'_e = 742(6) cm^-1, ω'_eχ'_e = 5.9(2.0) cm^-1, 以及基电子态的光谱常数ω'_e = 1165(5) cm-1, ω'_eχ'_e = 6.4(0.5) cm^_-1.     

滩涂沉积物中叶绿素a浓度与沉积特性的关系

2005年4，5，10和12月在崇明东滩中潮带光泥滩(藻类盐渍带)内靠近海三棱藨草( Scripus mariqueter )带选择一区域，沿高程方向选取3个断面，每个断面选取了3个样点，进行了表层沉积物叶绿素a的浓度和粒径组成的观测研究.结果表明，研究区域表层沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度4，5月份较高，分别为(5.997±0.803) μg·g^-1和(2.356±0.298) μg·g^-1，12月份最低，为(0.571±0.091) μg·g^-1；表层沉积物中细颗粒物质(＜50 μm)含量从4月到12月也有减少的趋势，春季4月份最高，为(91.0±5.44)%，冬季12月份最低，为(59.8±11.95)%.对4个月份样品的叶绿素a浓度与细颗粒物质含量进行相关关系分析，研究结果显示它们之间存在线性正相关( r=0.693，P=0.012 )，表明细颗粒物质的含量与叶绿素a浓度之间存在着一定的相互促进作用.此外，由于光的限制，沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度主要分布在表层1 cm内，且海三棱藨草与光滩过渡带中光滩表层沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度远大于同高程的海三棱藨草内.     

中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis对蔬菜害虫的人工感染和菜田释放试验

1996—1997年,在福州,用中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis(Chen et al)侵染期幼虫对当地主要蔬菜害虫,菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾等幼虫,在室内做人工感染试验。在室温20—28℃,寄生线虫与宿主昆虫的比例为为80:1的情况下,线虫对菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫的寄生率分别为50％,94％,92％。在当地土壤中无中华卵索线虫的空心菜田,设三个小区,每小区15m~2,各移植斜纹夜蛾2—3龄幼虫150头于菜株上,A区用12540条线虫侵染期幼虫混在2460克湿沙中,撤施于植株根部土面;B区用同样数量的线虫混在8公斤水中,喷洒在菜株上;C区为不释放线虫的对照区。于释放线虫后的第4天和第7天,从各小区随机回收斜纹夜蛾幼虫20头和30头,在室内单头饲养,检查线虫的寄生率和寄生强度。结果:第4天调查寄生效果相近,寄生率分别为61.1％,60％。第7天调查寄生率分别为76.7％,70％。而对照区的虫体中均未见有线虫寄生,寄生率为0。差别显著。在元白菜上释放中华卵索线虫侵染期幼虫,莱青虫的寄生率为6.6％。     

关于不定方程x3+1=38y2

利用递归数列和同余式证明了不定方程x³+1=38y²,仅有整数解(x,y)=(-1,0),(31,±28).     

高温高密度氦流体物态方程

用二级轻气炮作为冲击压缩加载手段和多通道瞬态辐射高温计作为主要测量工具, 测量了冲击压缩下氦气(初始温度293 K, 初始压力为0.6, 1.2和5.0 MPa)的Hugoniot曲线和高达15000 K的冲击温度. 发现用Saha方程和Debye- Hückel修正模型计算初始压力为5 MPa的氦气物态方程与实验数据有较好的符合程度. 理论计算的氦气(初始压力P₀ = 5.0 MPa, 初始温度T₀ = 293 K)在低压条件下冲击波速度与粒子速度关系D = C₀ + λu (u<10 km/s, λ = 1.32)与Nellis液氦实验数据拟合的D-u曲线近似平行(λ = 1.36), 这表明氦流体的Hugoniot参数λ不依赖于初始密度ρ₀;当冲击温度约大于18000 K(冲击压缩氦气电离度达到10^-3量级)后, 气氦D-u曲线很快过渡到λ = 1.2另外一条曲线, 达到了压缩氦气的极限值.     

Kinetics of C2(a3Πu) radical reactions with NO, N2O, O2, H2 and NH3

Pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) is utilized to measure rate constants for C₂(a³Π_u) reactions with NO, N₂O, O₂, H₂ and NH₃. Multiphoton dissociation of C₂Cl₄ at 266 nm is employed for the generation of C₂(a³Π_u) radicals. The C₂(a³Π_u) concentration is monitored by the fluorescence of the (0, 0) band of the (d³Π_g&#8596;a³Π_u) transition at 516.5 nm. C₂(a³Π_u) removal rate constants for the reactions are determined as k_NO = (5.46 ± 0.10) × 10^-11 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 , k_N2O = (1.63 ± 0.20) × 10^-13 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 , k_N2O = (1.58 ± 0.16) × 10^-11 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1, k_O2 = (5.92 ± 1.00) × 10^-14 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1, k_H2< 1.0× 10^-14 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1. Based on the data analysis and theoretical calculation, we suggest that the C₂(a³Π_u) reactions with H₂ and NH₃ proceed via the hydrogen abstraction mechanism, barriers exist at the entrance channel of the reactions of C₂(a³Π_u) with H₂ and NH₃.     

咪唑类化合物对天蚕幼虫生长发育的影响

本文报告了咪唑类化合物——金鹿三眠素对天蚕幼虫生长发育的影响。三龄0～48小时喂饲浸渍过500～2000ppm三眠素溶液的白栎鲜叶后,三眠蚕诱导率最高可达94.56％;诱导所得三眠蚕三、四龄历期明显延长,四龄起蚕体重和四龄末丝腺鲜重重于正常四眠蚕(对照),而三龄至结茧的总历期和熟蚕体重、丝腺鲜重则反之;仍为四眠蚕的三、五龄历期和三龄至结茧的总历期多长于对照、四龄起蚕和熟蚕体重大多重于对照。四龄0～48小时喂饲浸渍过500～2000ppm三眠素溶液白栎鲜叶后,极大多数仍为四眠蚕,三眠蚕诱导率最高仅为9.88％;其中四眠蚕四、五龄历期和四龄至结茧的总历期大多长于对照;诱导所得三眠蚕的四龄历期明显长于对照,但总历期反之。三眠蚕四龄期丝腺鲜重增长明显快于正常四眠蚕,但最终鲜重不及正常四眠蚕。     

Nickel accumulation and its effects on the survival rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius under continuous nickel stress

The artificial diets mixed with various concentrations of nickel were offered to the larvae of the phytophagous insect Spodoptera litura Fabricius for 3 generations. Nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and newly emerged adults of the corresponding generations of S. litura were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the effects of nickel accumulations on the survival rate of S. litura were also evaluated by individual rearing. The results showed that nickel accumulated in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and adults of S. litura, and the accu- mulated nickel in all the tested developmental stages within a generation increased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets and showed significant dose-dependent relationship with the nickel doses in the artificial diets. The results also indicated that the nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults from the 3rd generation were higher than those from the 2nd generation, which were also higher than those from the 1st generation. Nickel concentrations in pupae and adults were significantly lower than those in larvae, which indicated that the excessive nickel might be excreted during metamorphosis. Furthermore, larval survival rate, pupation rate and eclosion rate of S. litura in the tested three generations all decreased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets.     

Ecdysteroids in the larvae of Opogona sacchari （Bojer）, a invasive alien pest

In order to understand the composition and quantitative variation of ecdysteriods in the larvae of Opogona sacchari (Bojer), a invasive alien pest, we analyzed the larval ecdysteroid composition and titers in this pest. The main component of ecdysteriods in the larvae of O. sacchari is 20-hydroxyecdysone, and also there is a little 26-hydroxyecdysone. The titer of ecdysteriods in the larvae from the 1st instar to the 7th instar was gotten higher gradually compared on ng ecdyster-oid/larva, but no regularity could be found about the titer if compared on ng ecdysteroid/g avoirdupois. There was only one peak of ecdysteroids (0.5475 ng/larva) showed at day 2 during the developmental time of the 6th instar larvae. However, there were two peaks appearing during the developmental time of the 7th instar larvae , one peak (0.29415 ng/larva) at day 3, another (0.214 ng/larva) at day 5.     

Degeneration of host prothoracic glands caused by Campoletis chlorideae polydnavirus

The development of last instar Helicoverpa armigera prothoracic glands was investigated first; then the effects on the prothoracic glands of Helicoverpa armigera was studied by injection with calyx fluid and polydnavirus (PDV) from the endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae. Results showed that 3 female equivalents of calyx fluid or 4 female equivalents of PDV induced degeneration of host prothoracic glands. 24 h after calyx fluid or PDV injection the ultrastructure of the gland cells showed a significant decrease in intercellular channel system, while an increase in the number of round mitochondria, lysosomes and whorled figures, the organelle of some cells has degenerated and only organelle debris remained in the cells. These results suggest that calyx fluid or PDV cause the inactivation and degeneration of host prothoracic glands.     

Metallothionein expression induced by nickel accumulation in the midgut of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae exposed to nickel

Metallothionein expression induced by nickel accumulation in the midgut of Spodoptera litura Fabri- cius larvae was investigated by exposing S. litura larvae to the artificial diets amended with different doses of nickel for 3 generations. Nickel accumulations in the midgut of 6th instar larvae were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the induced metal- lothionein expression in the midgut of 5th and 6th instar larvae in 120 h were quantified using cad- mium-hemoglobin total saturation methods. The accumulated nickel in the midgut of the 6th instar larvae within a generation increased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets and showed significant dose-dependence with the nickel doses in diets. Metallothioneins induced by nickel accumulated in the larval midgut also increased with nickel doses in diets and with the increasing stressing time in a generation. Results also suggested that the metallothionein expression was differ- ent with the time of S. litura larvae stressed by nickel.     

Induction of nicotine in tobacco by herbivory and its relation to glucose oxidase activity in the labial gland of three noctuid caterpillars

Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. is a host plant ofHelicoverpa armigera (Huibner), Helicoverpa assulta Guenee and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The difference in leaf nicotine response to the feeding by these three larvae and the mechanical simulation of their feeding was examined by HPLC. Results indicated that nicotine induction was suppressed by H. armigera and H. assulta larvae feeding or by simulated damage treated with their labial glands extracts. The production of nicotine was also suppressed by the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger when it was treated on mechanically wounded leaf area. On the contrary, the nicotine production was stimulated by S. litura larva feeding or by simulated damage treated with its labial gland extract. Heat denature can not counteract the stimulation effect of the S. litura labial gland extracts to tobacco nicotine production. The glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of both H. armigera and H. assulta, but the activity in H. armigera was significantly higher than that in H. assulta. No glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of S. litura. It is shown that the glucose oxidase activity in labial glands of caterpillars plays an important role in the nicotine response to herbivory. The glucose oxidase was mainly contained in the labial gland of H. armigera larva, and had the highest activity at pH 7.0. D-Glucose was the optimal substrate of the glucose oxidase. Labial gland glucose oxidase activities varied daily during larval development with high activities found when larvae were actively feeding.     

家蚕非编码RNA Bm-152功能初探

Bm-152是前期研究中发现的一个在家蚕丝腺中高表达的非编码RNA.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对Bm-152在家蚕5龄到预蛹期不同发育天数丝腺中的表达谱进行检测.同时,在个体中过表达Bm-152,检测Bm-152可能参与的信号通路.结果显示,Bm-152在家蚕5龄幼虫丝腺发育过程中无明显的变化规律,但在吐丝第1天表达量较高,随后表达量又下降.通过在血淋巴中注射2μg piggyBac[A3-EGFP-A3-Bm-152]过表达载体,48h后发现Bm-152在丝腺组织中无明显过表达,但在非丝腺组织中可实现明显过表达,且表达量上调1.66倍;蜕皮激素信号通路基因Usp在非丝腺组织中上调1.95倍,E75A在非丝腺组织中上调2.26倍,保幼激素信号通路基因Met在非丝腺组织中上调1.79倍.表明非编码RNA Bm-152可能通过蜕皮激素和保幼激素信号通路参与家蚕发育,该结果为进一步探索Bm-152的功能提供了方向.     

南方根结线虫侵染对乌桕癞皮夜蛾幼虫生长发育和食物利用的影响

为明确南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)侵染对癞皮夜蛾(Gadirtha fusca)幼虫的影响是否因龄期而异,本研究以南方根结线虫侵染乌桕(Triadica sebifera),选用该植株叶片饲喂癞皮夜蛾大龄幼虫,以未受南方根结线虫侵染植株的叶片作为对照,比较不同龄期幼虫生长指标和食物利用指标的差异。结果表明：随着幼虫龄期的增加,癞皮夜蛾幼虫体质量、取食量及发育历期呈上升趋势;相对生长率呈下降趋势;食物利用率和食物转化率先上升后下降,而近似消化率则呈先下降后略微上升的趋势。线虫侵染处理后,与对照相比,癞皮夜蛾4龄幼虫的相对生长率、食物利用率和食物转化率显著提高;5龄、6龄幼虫的虫体质量和5龄幼虫的相对生长率以及6龄幼虫的取食量、近似消化率、化蛹率显著降低。南方根结线虫侵染对癞皮夜蛾幼虫生长及食物利用的影响因发育阶段而异,主要通过抑制两个末龄龄期幼虫的生长发育及化蛹,从而间接减轻癞皮夜蛾对乌桕的危害。     

家蚕核膜部分消失现象的电镜观察与研究

应用电镜技术，对重要经济昆虫——家蚕后部丝腺细胞中核膜的超微结构在5龄期间的变化，进行了连续观察与研究。结果发现，家蚕后部丝腺细胞除具有典型的真核细胞核膜的精细结构外，还在5龄48h至144h反复出现核膜部分消失的奇特现象，并认为这一现象与核内外特别旺盛的生物合成作用密切相关。