红麻生物酶脱胶BP神经网络预测模型的构建

针对红麻韧皮纤维生物酶脱胶过程具有的时变、非线性和不确定等特性,提出采用BP神经网络对脱胶过程进行预测建模的方法。根据脱胶实验中采用的多种不同的工艺参数和对应的脱胶效果,通过网络训练误差的横向和纵向的对比分析,选择采用traincgf函数主导的具有5-12-3结构的BP神经网络,成功地构建起脱胶过程的预测模型。     

红麻脱胶研究概述

本文简要介绍了红麻脱胶研究的现状，并对红麻脱胶的各种方法了评价；同时，对红订脱胶进行了预测。     

红麻陆地湿润脱胶技术

红麻陆地湿润脱胶技术是中国农业科学院麻类研究所研究成功的一项实用新型技术.该技术从根本上克服了传统天然水沤脱胶方法存在的占用水面大、脱胶时间长、质量不稳定和污染严重等缺点,具有明显的社会、经济和生态效益.红麻脱胶主要有鲜杆脱胶、鲜皮脱胶和干皮脱胶3种方法.鲜杆脱胶方法是将红麻收割后,不去叶、按麻株粗细分别打成直径为15～20厘米的麻捆进行堆沤发酵;鲜皮脱胶是将收割的麻去叶剥皮后,     

大麻纤维性能及生物酶脱胶工艺的研究

针对麻纤维采用化学脱胶会对纤维造成损伤的问题,提出了大麻纤维生物酶脱胶的新方法,并且用正交试验方法确定了生物酶脱胶的最佳工艺,即作用时间2 h,果胶酶浓度5 g/L,pH值4.5,温度50 ℃,后处理氢氧化钠质量浓度0.6%.生物酶对大麻进行脱胶处理,其作用条件温和,对纤维损伤小,生产中容易掌握脱胶的程度,有利于提高出麻率,且耗水少、污染轻.     

大麻纤维机械-生物酶联合脱胶技术

为了克服化学法脱胶对环境污染严重和单一的生物酶脱胶率低的缺点,研究了大麻纤维机械-生物酶联合脱胶技术,讨论了机械处理的次数与残胶率的关系及通过正交试验确定了酶脱胶的最优工艺参数.即果胶酶浓度8%(o.w.f.)、脱胶时间6 h、脱胶温度50℃、常压、pH=5,浴比1:15、JFC 2%.用扫描电镜(SEM)对大麻纤维机械-酶脱胶前后的表面形态进行表征.实验结果表明机械-生物酶联合脱胶比单独的酶脱胶效果要好,脱胶后大麻纤维的残胶率为20.4%,比单独酶脱胶下降了8%左右.     

黄红麻微生物脱胶影响因素及机理研究

利用微生物学和生物化学原理对黄红麻微生物脱胶的影响因素进行了研究，同时从微生物能量代谢和物质代谢的角度分析了微生物脱胶的机理。     

大麻脱胶方法的研究进展

分析了大麻纤维的主要结构特点,总结了目前大麻的主要脱胶方法有：天然水微生物脱胶法、化学脱胶法、物理脱胶法、生物脱胶法。综合分析了各脱胶方法的研究进展及特点。提出在今后生产中,大麻脱胶应该是多种方法联合使用,充分利用物理方法进行预处理,结合微生物、生物酶等进行处理,减少化学方法的使用,缩短脱胶的时间,提高脱胶的效率、效果和纤维质量,达到绿色环保的效果。     

罗布麻脱胶工艺的研究

在分析罗布麻化学成分的基础上,分别用生物酶、化学及生物 化学联合的方式对所含果胶质进行了脱出,并对脱胶结果进行了比较.经实验证明,生物 化学联合脱胶方法更适合于罗布麻的脱胶,可以在减轻对环境污染的前提下,获得较为理想的脱胶效果,得到的精干麻质量较好.     

福建省黄红麻遗传育种与综合利用发展研究报告

黄麻(Jute)和红麻(Kenaf)均为一年生韧皮纤维作物,在世界上,黄麻产量和种植面积仅次于棉花,主要在亚洲的印度、孟加拉国、中国和泰国等。红麻原产非洲,自1908年从印度引进栽培后,发展迅速,已成为中国主要纤维作物之一,福建是我国黄麻红麻三大留种基地之一。该文从我国黄红麻生产的发展历史、发展现状、主要品种和种植区划入手,分析了福建省黄红麻发展现状、育种水平和主要品种,以及黄红麻良种繁育、产业化开发利用对国家的贡献,从当前实际情况出发评价了黄红麻在耕地重金属污染生态修复中的作用,阐述了福建省黄红麻种子产业与资源化功能性产业研究进展。通过对福建省黄红麻种植比例及品种对纤维质量的影响、黄红麻杂种优势利用、高产栽培配套技术和机械化种植与收获技术等问题的分析,提出我国黄红麻学科面临的挑战,以期为我国黄红麻学科发展目标和思路提供借鉴,提出了福建省黄红麻产业的发展战略对策。     

芙蓉韧皮纤维的提取及其性能测试

芙蓉韧皮纤维是天然麻类纤维之一,本文采用浸酸与二煮相结合的方法对其进行脱胶,在预处理过程中加入了适量的渗透剂JFC试剂进行水煮,可以在很大程度上溶胀芙蓉韧皮纤维,为后面工序提供方便;在二煮中加入了双氧水,通过氧化作用去除一部分胶质,同时完成了漂白工序.通过添加各种助剂,减少了碱的用量.本文还对纤维的形态结构和拉伸性能进行了分析.     

Research on Pectase Secreted by Aspergillus Niger Degumming Kenaf Bast Fiber

In this paper, the aerobic metabolism mechanism of Aspergillus Niger （AS 3.3 50 ）, which is the most suitable bacteria for degumming kenaf fiber, is expounded, and macromolecular structure of pectin is also analyzed. The fracture position of the macromolecular chain of kenaf pectin and its outgrowth structure, affected by Endo-PG and Exo-PG are secreted by AS 3. 350 and explored in molecule scale. The optimal value of degumming parameters are fixed： temperature 34 - 36℃, time 48 - 50 h, pH 6.5 - 7.5. Compared with kenaf fibers obtained by natural method, the ones deguntmed by bio-enzymatic method possess of smoother surface, .better. Separation, less impairment and higher strength with. residual pectin percentage of 14.5 %.     

Research of Degumming Process, Microstructure and Properties of Mulberry Fiber

More and more novel nature fibers are used in textiles. The natural fibers include banana fiber, pineapple fiber and bamboo fiber etc. In this paper, as a kind of novel natural fiber, mulberry fiber is studied. The chemical component of mulberry bast is tested and analyzed. Meanwhile, the degumming method and process of mulberry bast are studied. Chemical degumming experiments to investigate the influence of alkali concentration, alkali boiling time and sodium phosphate tribasic ratio to material are conducted. Consequently, optimum parameters are obtained. The crystallinity of mulberry fiber is tested by using X-ray line, and the photos of scanning electron microscope （SEM） are observed. Testing results of the fiber properties （e. g. fineness, tenacity, length and elongation） show that mulberry fiber can be spun blend with cotton.     

助脱剂对脱胶效果影响的研究

采用三因素随机区组设计，研究助脱剂处理浓度、茵液处理时间和不同茵种对苎麻脱胶效果的影响，实验结果表明：不同茵种的培养液处理苎麻，处理后苎麻残胶率之间差异不显著；而不同处理时间和不同助脱剂处理浓度之间对苎麻脱胶效果的差异达到极显著水平；三个处理因素间的互作都不显著；脱胶助剂三聚磷酸钠的适宜处理浓度为0．30％，而茵液处理苎麻纤维的适宜处理时间是16h。     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.     

大麻茎皮出麻率早期非破坏性预测技术研究

大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是重要的"绿色纤维"之一.为了培育高纤维产量品种,需要建立茎皮出麻率的早期非破坏性评价技术以便在花前选留高出麻率材料作为杂交亲本或繁种群体.以3个大麻品种为材料,研究不同部位茎皮与整株茎皮出麻率的关系和生长过程中茎皮出麻率的变化式样,发现大麻植株的出麻率高低在生长前期已经确定,现雄蕾前30d植株3/5高度处或现雄蕾前20d植株2/5高度处宽1/5周径、长20cm茎皮出麻率可以很好地反映整株出麻率.结果表明,选择高出麻率大麻植株可在生长早中期现雄蕾前采用非破坏性方法进行.     

Study On Modification Of Kenaf and Its Spinning Blended With Cotton

This paper deals with the chemical treatment of kenaf fi-ber and the spinning of the kenaf yarn blended with cot-ton. The experimental results show that after being treated by alkli, the properties of kenaf fiber have im-proved obviously, which made it possible to produce the yarn of kenaf blended with cotton. The results are very helpful for the utilization of kenaf fiber.     

洋麻仿毛改性研究和产品开发

作者基于洋麻和羊毛在纤维结构和性能上的差异,提出洋麻仿毛改性的依据、目标和条件。通过仿毛改性,改变了洋麻工艺纤维的长度、细度、表面形态,机械性能、可纺性和缩绒性,生产出改性洋麻含量为30％的具有类似纯毛风格的毛麻混纺产品。该产品的开发有重大经济效益。     

Influence on the Quality of Apocynum Venetum with Different Degumming Methods

The biochemical degumming and chemical degumming were employed to process apocynum venetum, and indices values for the residual gum content, fineness, strength of single fiber, average length, moisture regain and whiteness of degummed apocynum venetum fibers are evaluated with fuzzy mathematical method. The results obtained from this investigation show that the general index value of degummed apocynum venetum fibers with biochemical degumming （K1=0.626 09） is prior to that with chemical degumming （K2 =0.421 64）.