The New Detection and the Basic Characteristics of the Structural System of Taiwan Region of China—Using the Earth Satellite’s Remote-sensing Images to Explain the Structural System of Taiwan Region of China

This text uses the regional geological investigation data and the remote sensing image data of earthsatellite remote sensing to synthetically analyze the structural system of Taiwan region of China. Authors detection-marked and assurance-marked and divided 5 kinds of structural system of the Taiwan region： （ 1 ） the wreath-shaped structural system, （2） the N-N-E oriented structural system, （3） the S-N oriented structural system, （4） the N-E oriented structural system, （5） the are-shaped structural system. Combination of the texture faces and associated method were adopted to recover and reconstruct the structural evolution sequences and the formation periods. In this paper, problems such as the development process in geology etc. are also discussed, contributing new information to research the structural field of the East Asia and its tectonic plate movements and structural actions inside the land plate .     

Study of the Relationship Between the Organizational Climate and the Campus Ethical Issues of Universities across the Taiwan Strait

The study applied the approach of empirical studies to select 176 teachers in 9 universities in Taiwan and Inland in China to deliver questionnaires. The study intended to explore the influence of organizational climate on campus ethics and its diversity between the universities across the Taiwan strait. The study explored that the organizational climate in the universities across the Strait was not ethically high. Yet, the universities in Inland emphasized more on campus restraint in teachers‘ behavior, job performance and their sense of belonging to the school. The study result demonstrated that improving leadership of the universities could enhance teachers‘ identification with their schools and could promote the level of campus across the Strait.     

THE LI FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP OF NEW YORK to honour the memory of Dr Lu Gwei-djen

A visiting Fellowship tenable at the Needham Research Institute in Cambridge,England,is offered by the Li Foundation of NewYork.The fellowship will run for the academic yearfrom October 2007 to June 2008,and the successful applicant should be free to arrive inCambridge at the beginning of October.The objective of this fellowship is to enable a Chinesescholar from mainland China,Taiwan,Hong Kong or Singapore to conduct research in a sub-ject relevant to the concerns of the Institute,i.e…     

Composition of sandstone and heavy minerals implies the provenance of Kuqa Depression in Jurassic, Tarim basin, China

The petrological characteristics and heavy mineral assembly of the Jurassic System in Kuqa Basin are consistent with the tectonic evolution, which is the major factor controlling the filling process of Kuqa Basin. Controlled by the source areas at the both sides of the Basin, the matrixes are dominated by sedimentary rock, high-grade metamorphic rock, acid magmatic rock, and the highest heavy mineral assemblage of zircon-garnet-magnetite in the content. According to heavy mineral indexes, the Jurassic strata can be classified into three rhythmic units of heavy mineral. The lower sequence contains abundant heavy minerals and relatively high content of detritus and its matrixes primarily came form the recycling orogen. The assemblage of “zircon-garnet-magnetite” indicates that the sedimentary area in the early evolution period of the basin is relatively near the provenance. The middle sequence is different from the lower sequence in the heavy mineral assemblage and has the different characteristics from that of source rock. The heavy mineral assemblage is “garnet-zircon” with the highest content of garnet and its main matrices are the high-grade metamorphic rock, acid magmatic rock and hydrothermal vein at the northeastern edge of the basin. The middle and upper sequences are characterized by the clast provenance, which is primarily from the recycling orogen at the northern edge of the basin and secondarily from the southern uplift. As a result of the two provenances, the strata with apparent changes of heavy mineral assemblage and index better coincides with the interfaces of the secondary strata sequences, which reflects the denudation history and the filling process of the orogen at the northern edge of the basin.     

Multi-core structure of the main part of the Kuroshio at G-PN section in the East China Sea

Off the east of Taiwan Island the Kuroshio strides over the Ilan Ridge and flows into the East China Sea, where it encounters the continental break. The Ku-roshio then turns right and flows along the Okinawa Trough, where its main axis does not show obvious swaying. This stream continuously flows eastwards in the southwest of Kyushu, and feeds into sea in the south of Japan. This section of the Kuroshio is named“the East China Sea Kuroshio”. Along the East China Sea Kuroshio, there …     

Research on the Architecture of the CAD System of a Magnetic Bearing Based on Pattern-oriented

The magnetic bearing is widely used in the spacetechnique and other high technique fields , because of nofriction , no abrasion , not needing to be lubricated , highlocalization precision , adapting to kinds of rotate speed ,etc .[1]. However ,its design and the process of checkingcomputations must depend on the support of the largebusiness software , such as Ansys , Matlab , due to thecomplexity of involved dynamics and electromagnetics .While there are problems of the interface between twodi…     

Debris Flow Monitoring System and Observed Event in Taiwan： A Case Study at Aiyuzi River

Since 2002,the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau,which is responsible for the conservation and administrative man-agement of hillside in Taiwan,has been cooperating with Feng Chia University. Together,they have successfully carried out the establishment and maintenance of 13 fixed debris flow monitoring stations over the island and 2 mobile debris flow monitoring sta-tions. During July 2004,a powerful southwest air current brought by Mindulle Typhoon caused serious flood in central and southern Taiwan. This paper aims to describe the establishment of debris flow monitoring systems in Taiwan and the observation of the debris flow event during Mindulle Typhoon at Aiyuzi River in Shenmu Village,Nantou County by the monitoring station.     

Discussion of the Prospective Danger of Earthquake Damage to the Xiamen-Jinmen District

It has been long discussed already about the characteristics of the recent earthquake of the Xiamen-Jinmen district. However,attention should be paid to that a large shock unexpected before such as the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan west plain would take place in this area and its neighborhood, affecting the stability of the construction during the long duration after completion and usage of the future Xiaman-Jinmen Bridge. The probability of such case should be considered from studying the earthquake mechanism of the surrounding regions: The Taiwan Strait basin, Taiwan region (Taiwan island) and Fujian coastal region respectively. In this paper the features of earthquakes which occurred and will occur in any one of these three districts and then their influences on the construction of the future XiamenJinmen Bridge are described and discussed.     

Reconstruction of temperature series of China for the last 1000 years

This paper reports a study on reconstructing temperature series for ten regions of China over the last 1000 years with a time resolution of 10 a. The regions concerned are: Northeast, North, East, South China, Taiwan, Central, Southwest, Northwest China, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A variety of proxy data, such as ice core, tree-rings, stalagmites, peat, lake sediments, pollen and historical records, were validated with instrumental observations made in the last 120 years, and applied in the recon- struction of the temperature series. A temperature series for whole China is then established by aver- aging the ten regional series with a weighting proportional to the area of each region. Finally, tem- perature variations for the last 1000 years are examined, with special focus placed on the characteris- tics of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and Modern Warming (MW).     

3D virtual reconstruction of the Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tangshan, Nanjing, China

The development of computer tomography and image processing has made it possible to establish virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens. We used these methods to reconstruct a virtual 3D skull of a Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tuozi cave, Tangshan, Nanjing, and virtually dissected it for anatomic studies, and measured the volumes of different parts of the endocranium. The endocranium of the cheetah skull has showed that its frontal sinus is beehive-like, the frontal lobe of cerebra is relatively large but the temporal lobe is relatively small, its cerebral sulcus and gyrus are more complicated than those of the domestic cat, similar to those of the domestic dog, but simpler than those of giant panda, pig, cattle and horse. The technology of virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens can extend the morphological study from the exterior to the interior, and it can also help to study fragile specimens and virtually backup rare and precious specimens.     

3D virtual reconstruction of the Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tangshan, Nanjing, China

The development of computer tomography and image processing has made it possible to establish virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens. We used these methods to reconstruct a virtual 3D skull of a Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tuozi cave, Tangshan, Nanjing, and virtually dissected it for anatomic studies, and measured the volumes of different parts of the endocranium. The endocranium of the cheetah skull has showed that its frontal sinus is beehive-like, the frontal lobe of cerebra is relatively large but the temporal lobe is relatively small, its cerebral sulcus and gyrus are more complicated than those of the domestic cat, similar to those of the domestic dog, but simpler than those of giant panda, pig, cattle and horse. The technology of virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens can extend the morphological study from the exterior to the interior, and it can also help to study fragile specimens and virtually backup rare and precious specimens.     

Pollen indication to source plants in the eastern desert of China

Pollen analysis is one of the important resources for the reconstruction of palaeoclimate and palaeovegetation. The relationship between modern pollen and vegetation is the foundation of pollen analysis. Owing to its complexity and importance, many polynologists and plant-ecologists have been studying on it[1―17]. In 1963, M. B. Davis gave the definition of R-values[2] that have carried forward the quantitative relationship between pollen and vegetation. However, R-value is changeable for d…     

Establishment of Knowledge Base Management System and the Type Selection of Mechanism for Mechanism Kinematic Scheme

Firstly data standardization technology and combined classification method have been applied to carry out classification of kinematic behaviors and mechanisms in the mapping field between the kinematic behavior level and the mechanism level of conceptual design. The principle of computer coding and storing have been built to give a fast and broad selection of mechanisms that meets the requirements of basic motion characters. Then on the basis of mentioned above, the heuristic matching propagation principle (HMPP) of kinematic behaviors and its true table serves as a guide to perform mechanism types selection. Finally an application is given to indicate its practicability and effectiveness.     

Interpretation Method of Guqin （Chinese Ancient Zither ） Notation Based on Radical and Structural Analysis

Guqin music is a precious cultural heritage of China. The notation of Guqin is very special, which records its playing methods and techniques. For the purpose of preserving the guqin art, the digitalization of guqin notation and an interpretation method of guqin notation were conducted. By using this interpretation method, raw images of handwritten notations are transformed into structural data that can be processed and analyzed by computers easily. The method decomposes each single complex character of guqin notations into simple radicals and finds the structure of the character. According to the radicals and the structure, the character is interpreted into meaningful codes. The experimental results show our method is effective.     

Vegetation Landscape, Ecological Characteristics and Soil Fixation for Riverbank in Taiwan, China

This study is aimed to investigate and analyze the vegetation landscape around Rivers of Hou-lung, Fa-tz, Da-li, Ching-shuei and Gau- ping, and to select the suitable plant species that could be applied for the area of riverbank ecological engineering in Taiwan. Studying the vegetation established the key point and procedure of ecological engineering in the riverside and revetment, to compile and edit the dominant plants＇ types, life form, propagating method, root systems＇ characteristics and functions for soil conservation. This research choses three dominant plants for roots strength test. The fitting models of plants pulling resistance（Rp, kg） between plant height （H, cm）, diameter near ground （Dn, mm）, diameter above ground 100 mm （Da, mm）, The research finished the relative abundant, types and cluster analysis of riverbank dominant plants that generalize vegetative distribution and ecological restoration for different river types to apply and manage in Taiwan.     

Simulation of meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific. Several important water gateways exist around the SCS, such as Luzon Strait, Taiwan Strait, etc., that lie in the northeastern SCS, and others like Kalimantan Strait, Balawan Strait, etc., lie in the south. Luzon Strait connects the SCS and Pacific via the Philippine Sea, and its water exchange has significant impact on the interior circulations of the SCS[1]. Since direct observation data about the …     

Mineralogy of smectites in the surface sediments from the East Pacific and its significance

XRD, TEM, SEM and EDS are employed to analyze smectites in the clay fraction of the surface sediments from the East Pacific. It is shown from the XRD results that the clay fraction consists of about 20% smectites.Three types of smectites are identified, Fe-rich (Type Ⅰ), Fe,Mg-rich (Type Ⅱ) and Na,Ca smectite (Type Ⅲ), and most of them are not well-crystallized. Type Ⅰ is widely distributed in sediments, showing honeycomblike in the SEM, and aggregated or dispersive hairlike, or cloudy assemblage with a bit curl near its edge in the TEM. This type is considered to be typomorphic type of authigenic smectite in the East Pacific. Type Ⅱ is similar to Type Ⅰ in micromorphology in the TEM, showing a transition micronite, while Type Ⅲ is tabletlike in the TEM with an unclear edge. Type Ⅰ may be altered from voleanics and some of them even precipitated from the low subthermal water. Type Ⅱ could also be formed in the ocean floor, while Type Ⅲ comes from dry and distant continental area. This study suggests that the characteristic of chemical composition and morphology of smectite may give a clue to understand sediment source, origin of minerals and sedimentation in the deep sea.     

Structural Fault Tolerance of Scale-Free Networks

The fault tolerance of scale-free networks is examined in this paper. Through the simulation on the changes of the average path length and network fragmentation of the Barabasi-Albert model when faults happen, it can be observed that generic scale-free networks are quite robust to random failures, but are very vulnerable to targeted attacks at the same time. Therefore, an existing optimization strategy for the robustness of scale-free networks to failures and attacks is also introduced. The simulation similar with the above proved that the so-called (1,0) network has potentially interconnectedness closer to that of a scale-free network and robustness to targeted attacks closer to that of an exponential network. Furthermore,its resistance to random failures is better than that of either of them.     

The Forecasting and Warning System of Geological Disasters in China

Geological disasters such as landslide and mudslide can be caused by many factors. Collaborations among different governmental agencies and multi-disciplines are necessary to establish a forecasting and warning system of geological disasters ( FWSGD). A FWSGD in China has been in operation since June 1 , 2003 as a joint project between the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the Ministry of Land and Resources ( MLR). This system has successfully shown very good social and economic benefits. The temporal-spatial distributions of China geological disasters and their causes have been analyzed in this paper. The FWSGD is described and its possible existing issues are also discussed. Authors suggest a new approach to study these disasters from interactions of the earth systems. Finally, a monitoring, forecasting, warning and preventing system for geological disasters in China is proposed.     

Occurrence of two types of El Niño events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific

The relationships between the evolution of two types of E1 Nifio events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly （SOTA） in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of E1 Nifio are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of E1 Nifio. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of E1 Nifio is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of E1 Nifio, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of E1 Nifio. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific （EP）-E1 Nifio lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific （CP）-E1 Nifio is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak. The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of E1 Nifio are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-E1 Nifio is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-E1 Nifio is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equa- torial eastern Pacific to certain extent.