光纤激光氮化处理对TC4合金组织和性能的影响

采用高功率光纤激光器在氮气气氛中对TC4钛合金表面进行氮化,制备出渗氮层,并研究了光纤激光功率对TC4钛合金氮化层表面形貌、组织结构以及显微硬度的影响.结果表明:氮化层表面呈现粗糙和光滑两种形貌,氮化层组织为枝晶状组织,热影响区组织为针状组织,当扫描速度为10 mm/s、氮气流量10 L/min、喷嘴距离为3 mm、离焦量为0 mm时,渗氮层的熔深、熔宽均随着激光功率增大而呈现出增大趋势.此外,在距离氮化层表面相同深度的显微硬度随着激光功率增大也呈现出增大趋势.     

TC4合金表面激光熔覆CoCrW涂层工艺和性能

为提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆制备CoCrW涂层，并对其工艺及耐磨性和耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明：CoCrW熔覆层和TC4基体有着良好的冶金结合，熔覆涂层显微组织均匀致密，主要由树枝晶组成。在激光工艺参数中，扫描速度、离焦量、光斑直径和搭接率一致情况下，当激光功率为3000 W时，所得熔覆层硬度最大为1160 HV,为TC4基材硬度324 HV的近4倍，且在该功率下，CoCrW熔覆层平均摩擦系数最低为0.2363,磨损量最小，表现出较好的耐磨特性，磨损机制为磨粒磨损和轻微的黏着磨损；而TC4基材的平均摩擦系数为0.3598,磨损机制为黏着磨损和疲劳剥落磨损，此时，熔覆层的电化学腐蚀电位较高，腐蚀速率较低，表现出良好的耐蚀性。     

TA2钛合金真空渗碳层组织及性能研究

采用自制间歇式真空渗碳装置,在不同压力下对TA2钛合金进行CH_4和C_2H_2混合渗碳处理。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、自动维氏硬度测试和万能摩擦磨损试验等检测手段,对比分析了不同气压下TA2钛合金的渗层组织、硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:渗层主要由TiC0.93相组成,表层组织细化;硬度比原样提高了2.78倍,有效硬化层深度超过120μm,硬度梯度平缓;平均摩擦系数大幅度降低,磨损速率达到5.7×10~(-7)cm~3/(min·N),仅为原样的1/55;经渗碳处理后的TA2钛合金综合性能显著提高。     

基材类型对钛合金电子束熔丝沉积成形的组织与硬度的影响

采用TC4钛合金焊丝,在α钛合金、α+β钛合金和β钛合金表面进行电子束熔丝沉积增材成形试验,研究了异种材料增材成形时基材对成形层及附近材料的显微组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明:成形层的宏观组织均是沿成形高度方向外延生长的粗大柱状晶,基材类型对柱状晶的尺寸有较大影响,TB5为基材时柱状晶尺寸较小;成形层的微观组织为典型的网篮组织,但以TA3为基材的成形层中α片层较为粗大且无马氏体α’相,以TC4为基材的成形层中片层α相的尺寸较小,而以TB5为基材的成形层中有α’相析出,且越靠近基材,α’相的尺寸越小,数量越多。在基材原表面附近的基材内部有一层过渡区域,其中部分金属在成形过程中被熔化。熔化区尺寸与基材类型有关,以TA3为基材时熔化区最小;过渡区内材料的硬度发生明显变化,尤其是以TB5合金作为基材、表面沉积TC4合金时,该区域的显微硬度高于TB5和TC4合金的硬度。研究表明,基材的热物理性能对成形过程中热传导的影响、合金元素含量对材料组织转变的影响,是过渡区域内熔化区尺寸、成形层与过渡层中组织与硬度变化的主要影响因素。     

工艺参数对316L不锈钢选区激光熔化成型组织性能的影响

采用选区激光熔化(SLM)技术制备了316L不锈钢试样,通过金相观察、硬度试验和拉伸试验,研究了激光功率和扫描速度对试样组织性能的影响.结果表明:316L不锈钢SLM成型件抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度优于普通成型316L不锈钢,但其塑性稍差;成型件孔隙缺陷的出现是影响其力学性能的关键;随着扫描速度的增加或激光功率的减小,成型件形成孔隙缺陷的几率增加,导致其力学性能呈下降趋势,当激光功率较低且扫描速度较大时,出现粉末未熔化现象,导致其力学性能急剧下降;激光功率为275 W,扫描速度为0.7 m/s时成型件显微组织最优,抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率及硬度值最佳.     

沉积温度对CVD-HfC涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用HfCl4-CH4-H2-Ar体系,利用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在C/C复合材料表面制备HfC涂层.利用X线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和纳米压痕测试仪对涂层的微观结构和力学性能进行表征与分析.研究沉积温度对HfC涂层的物相组成、沉积速率、微观结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:在1 400～1 600℃沉积温度内,沉积涂层均由单一的立方HfC组成.随着沉积温度的提高,HfC涂层沉积速率逐渐增加;涂层表面HfC晶粒的择优取向面由(220)向(200)转变,涂层组织结构由细柱状晶转变为粗大柱状晶.HfC涂层的显微硬度和弹性模量分别在16～21 GPa和247～282 GPa之间.1 500℃沉积HfC涂层的力学性能最佳,其显微硬度和弹性模量分别达到20.29GPa和282.34GPa.     

通过振动辅助激光熔覆增强沉积在 Inconel 718 上的 Stellite/WC 纳米复合材料的显微结构和力学性能

通过具有不同激光参数的振动辅助激光熔覆，将 Stellite-21/WC 纳米粉末沉积在 Inconel 上。 采用光学和扫描电子显微镜、硬度测量和磨损表征来了解纳米复合材料的微观结构和力学性能。 研究结果表明，改变冷却速率对包覆复合材料的微观结构产生显着影响。 此外，当激光功率从 150 W 增加到 250 W 会增加热输入和稀释度。 在 250 W 的高激光功率下，扫描速率和送粉速率会影响稀释度。当加入 WC 纳米颗粒作为增强材料时，稀释幅度加剧，同时硬度值从 HV 350 增加到 HV 700。磨损特性表明， 含有 3wt% WC 纳米颗粒的复合材料具有最高的耐磨性。     

时效处理对17-7PH不锈钢微观组织和维氏硬度的影响

采用JSM-6480扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）、Wilson Tukon 1102维氏硬度计研究了时效处理对17-7PH不锈钢微观组织和维氏硬度的影响。结果表明：17-7PH不锈钢经过0 ℃/30 min深冷处理后,在560 ℃进行时效处理,随着时效时间的延长,维氏硬度逐渐降低,未进行时效处理时的维氏硬度最高,为481;-73 ℃/8 h深冷处理后,再510 ℃/30 min时效处理,达到峰值时效硬度,维氏硬度为500,继续延长时效时间,维氏硬度逐渐降低。     

激光熔覆沉积TC11钛合金基板应力预测和微观组织研究

对损伤的TC11钛合金零部件进行激光熔覆沉积修复,可在不影响零件使用性能的前提下,节约贵重钛合金资源,提高零件利用率。分析修复后熔覆层和基材组织性能和开裂倾向是激光熔覆沉积修复工艺的基础研究工作。采用高斯热源,建立了单道单层激光熔覆应力预测三维数值模型,研究了激光熔覆基板的应力分布规律。随后,进一步实验研究了TC11激光熔覆区的显微组织结构。结果表明,激光熔覆区可分为熔覆层、热影响区和热应力层3部分。基板热应力层的晶粒受到应力的作用变形显著。激光熔覆后基板应力仿真和实验结果分布趋势一致,且最大热应力深度随激光功率的增大而增大。     

纳米压痕技术表征低碳微合金钢在不同冷速下贝氏体显微组织研究

利用金相光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对4种不同冷速下连续冷却转变的贝氏体显微组织进行观察.采用动态连续刚度测量纳米压痕技术测定了贝氏体显微组织的基体纳米硬度,并分析讨论了基体硬度随冷却速度变化的趋势.另外,对贝氏体显微组织进行维氏硬度测量,并分析讨论了维氏硬度随冷却速率的变化规律.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-