C+Ag/Li_4Ti_5O_(12)复合材料的制备和性能研究

以Li_2CO_3,锐钛矿纳米TiO_2为原料采用高温固相法合成了微米级Li_4Ti_5O_(12)负极材料,并将其与葡萄糖、Ag NO3复合,制备出了C+Ag表面修饰的C+Ag/Li_4Ti_5O_(12)复合材料。借助XRD、SEM、电化学工作站和充放电测试仪表征C+Ag/Li_4Ti_5O_(12)材料的物理性能和电化学性能。结果表明:C+Ag表面修饰的Li_4Ti_5O_(12)复合材料有效提升了Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的电化学性能。0.1 C首次放电比容量为165.8 m Ah/g,5 C放电比容量仍可达到80 m Ah/g。     

Li_3Ti_4CrMO_(12)负极材料制备及其电化学性能

基于Li_4Ti_5O_(12)结构,设计双离子取代反应,制备了3种新型锂离子负极材料Li_3Ti_4CrMO_(12)(M=Ni、Ca、Mg),这些取代型负极材料具有与钛酸锂相同的晶体结构.使用球磨、喷雾造粒以及固相合成工艺制备出一次粒子为200~300nm,二次颗粒为多孔球形的新型负极材料Li_3Ti_4CrMO_(12),并对其电化学性能进行了测试.循环充放电试验结果表明,制备的3种材料中,镁铬钛酸锂(Li_3Ti_4CrMgO_(12))具有较高的放电比容量和较好的循环稳定性,0.2C下首次放电比容量达158.6mA·h/g.10次循环后,放电容量为148.1mA·h/g,充电容量为149.1mA·h/g,容量保持率和库伦效率均在99%以上,显示了潜在的应用价值.循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析表明,上述优良性能来自于Mg、Cr取代后导致的材料界面电阻的下降.     

纯相Li_4Ti_5O_(12)负极材料的制备

通过高温固相法,选择不同的焙烧温度、焙烧时间、锂源过量比例(质量比)及研磨方式、焙烧程序等合成条件,研究了制备纯相Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的最适合条件.结果表明:多次研磨和1次焙烧有助于制备较纯产物,焙烧温度和焙烧时间对产物的纯度有一定影响,锂源过量比例对产物纯度影响较大.通过XRD分析,当锂源过量8%时,产物在2θ=20.5°处有杂峰(Li_2TiO_3),主峰(2θ=43.4°)略有分裂(LiTiO_2);当锂源过量5%时,产物基本为纯相Li_4Ti_5O_(12)杂峰消失.研究表明制备纯相Li_4Ti_5O_(12)最适合的实验条件为:锂源过量5%,焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间12 h,反应物经过2次研磨,1次焙烧得到纯相Li_4Ti_5O_(12).     

Gd掺杂Li_4Ti_5O_(12)电化学特性的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理计算,研究Gd掺杂的Li_4Ti_5O_(12)锂离子电池负极材料的电化学特性.Gd原子替代16d位的原子形成p型或n型的Li_4Ti_5O_(12),引入的空穴和电子有效提高Li_4Ti_5O_(12)材料的电导率,同时Gd的引入有效增大Li_4Ti_5O_(12)晶胞的晶格常数,从而加宽了Li离子在体系内的扩散通道,有利于Li离子的嵌入和脱出.作为一种零应变材料,Gd的掺杂有效提高Li_4Ti_5O_(12)锂离子电池负极材料的大倍率电流充放电性能、电池的充放电比容量以及材料循环性能的稳定性.     

煅烧制度对Li4Ti5O12材料结构与电化学性能的影响

研究高温固相合成Li4Ti5O12的煅烧制度,探讨Li2CO3与TiO2反应生成Li4Ti5O12的机理.分别采用一段煅烧(于800℃保温10 h)、两段煅烧(于800℃保温2 h,于650℃保温8 h)、低温预烧(于650℃保温8 h,于800℃分别保温2,4,6和8 h)3种高温固相煅烧制度合成Li4Ti5O12.研究结果表明:与一段煅烧和两段煅烧制度相比,在低温预烧制度下,随着高温阶段保温时间延长,合成产物中TiO2杂相含量逐渐减少直至消失;原料经650℃低温预烧8 h,再于800℃保温6 h条件下所得产物纯度达95%,仅含有少量富锂杂相Li2TiO3,材料首次放电比容量高达170.1 mA·h·g-1.     

泡沫陶瓷基偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂的动态吸附和洗脱性能研究（英文）

通过溶胶-凝胶法把偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂负载在堇青石基泡沫陶瓷上,采用离子交换柱研究了所制备的样品的动态吸附和洗脱性能.研究了液体流速、Li~+浓度、单柱/多柱对吸附容量和Li~+富集倍数的影响.结果表明,泡沫陶瓷基锂离子吸附剂达到穿漏点所需的时间较长,吸附剂具有较大的操作吸附容量.在一定的范围内,洗脱液的流速不会显著影响Li~+的富集倍数.吸附剂对高浓度的Li~+不具有富集的能力,而对低浓度的Li~+具有富集的能力.通过在洗脱流出液中加盐酸将其pH值调节到原始的洗脱液pH值,再将其作为洗脱液,吸附剂对Li~+的富集倍数最少可以达到26.55倍.     

晶界偏析对CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Ca Cu_3Ti_4O_(12),通过球磨对陶瓷样品进行处理,探究此处理方法对Ca Cu_3Ti_4O_(12)介电性能的影响.研究结果表明,球磨对Ca Cu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷样品的介电常数有较大影响.随着球磨时间的增加,样品介电常数显著增加,当球磨时间为4 h,其室温下介电常数可达10~6量级,比未经球磨处理的样品高2个数量级,且随温度升高,介电常数显著增大.温度上升100 K,介电常数约提高一个数量级.同时SEM分析表明,球磨处理Ca Cu_3Ti_4O_(12)样品介电常数的增大与其晶界偏析有较大的关系,特别是晶界处析出的Cu O二次相可极大地提升Ca Cu_3Ti_4O_(12)的极化率,可提高约2个数量级.     

离子掺杂钛酸锂的制备及其电容性能研究

通过向高温固相法制备的钛酸锂(Li_4Ti_5O_(12))掺杂Al~(3+)、Zr~(4+)、AlF_3进行离子掺杂改性,探究离子种类对材料性能的影响。采用XRD、恒流充放电、循环伏安以及交流阻抗等方法对4种样品进行结构和电化学性能表征。结果表明,3种离子的掺杂均可以提高(Li_4Ti_5O_(12))材料的电化学性能,其中AlF_3掺杂后的性能最好,比容量提升3倍以上,经200圈循环后比容量未出现明显衰减,容量保持率在95%以上。     

Li2Mg2.95M0.05TiO6(M=Mg,Zn,Co,Ca)型 微波介质陶瓷介电性能研究

采用一步法制备了Li_2Mg_(2.95)M_(0.05)Ti O_6(M为Mg,Zn,Co,Ca)型微波介质陶瓷,讨论了掺杂离子种类对陶瓷烧结行为、组成、微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明:所得陶瓷样品的主晶相为Li_2Mg_3Ti O_6,掺加Mg~(2+)的样品有少量Mg_2Ti O_4杂质相;掺加Ca~(2+)的样品可形成介电常数(ε_r)高达170,温度系数(τ_f)达+800×10~(-6)/℃且能够与主晶相共存形成稳定复合体系的Ca Ti O_3;掺Ca~(2+)的样品在1 370℃保温6 h,可得到介电常数(ε_r)为16.7,品质因数(Q×f)为83 900 GHz,谐振温度系数(τ_f)接近于0×10~(-6)/℃的最佳介电性能的样品.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂模拟从盐湖卤水中吸附Li~+研究（英文）

本文以钛酸丁酯和乙酸锂为钛源和锂源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钛酸锂(Li_2TiO_3)纳米粒子,用盐酸对其进行处理得到偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂(钛锂离子筛).配制了盐湖卤水模拟液,在吸附之前向模拟液中加入氢氧化钠除去Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+),并用所制备的吸附剂进行了模拟从盐湖卤水中吸附锂离子的研究.结果表明偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂对锂离子的吸附容量为8.25mg·g~(-1),Li~+的分配系数(Kd)为24.54 mL·g~(-1),其数值远大于Na~+(0.52 mL·g~(-1))和K+(0.97mL·g~(-1))的分配系数.Li~+对Na~+的分离因素(αLiNa)为47.2,Li~+对K~+的分离因素(αLiK)为25.3,表明所制备的吸附剂对Li~+具有很好的选择吸附性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the