Environmental changes during early-middle Holocene from the sediment record of the Chaohu Lake,Anhui Province

A typical lake sediment core is obtained from the Chaohu Lake in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,Anhui Province,China.The timing scale is constrained by AMS 14 C dating method.Climate proxies such as pollen and grain size in the core are analyzed to reconstruct the environment changes at this site approximately between 9870 and 2170 cal.a BP.The results indicate that at the research area, the climate in the early-middle Holocene had evolved through 3 stages.From 9870 to 6040 cal.a BP, proxy records show a warm and dry climate with low water levels after the late-glacial period.During this stage,cool and dry events occurred at about 8910 and 6060-6030 cal.a BP.Then,between 6040 and 4860 cal.a BP,the climate was humid and vegetation was more flourishing in the Chaohu Lake Valley.The Holocene Optimum occurred at 5840-5500 cal.a BP in the Chaohu Lake,showing the best condition of water and heat.Elm Decline occurred at the period of 5380-4930 cal.a BP.Since 4860 cal.a BP,the climate was warm and dry through 2170 cal.a BP as shown in both pollen spectrum and grain-size histories.Two obvious dry events occurred in 3760 and 2170 cal.a BP,respectively.At 2170 cal.a BP,the water level of the Chaohu Lake reached the lowest as the lakebed possibly exposed. Such lake sediment observations are consistent with the historical records in this area.     

大布苏湖全新世沉积岩芯的粒度特征与湖面波动

大布苏湖为构造断陷的封闭湖盆,现代沉积环境的研究表明,自湖岸到湖心,其平均粒径２依次递减,钻孔岩 的粒度分析和年代测定揭示,全新世以来,大布苏湖有两次高湖面和两次低湖面时期晚全新世以来,湖面波动式下降,湖水浓缩而演变为我国东部地区罕见的盐湖。     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

萨拉乌苏河流域全新世气候变化的元素地球化学记录

通过对萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾左岸沉积剖面常量元素Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na含量及其比值变化的分析,结合~(14)C测年结果及粒度、有机质指标,并综合已有研究,探讨了该地区全新世以来的气候变化.研究表明,9.6ka BP前气候干冷,沉积相为风成沉积;9.6~8.4ka BP气候由干冷向暖湿转变,期间存在干冷波动;8.4~4.0ka BP进入全新世大暖期,其中,8.4~6.5ka BP为全新世大暖期的鼎盛时期,降水增加,积水成湖,湖泊水位高且稳定;6.5ka BP气候发生明显转变;6.5~4.0ka BP湖泊水位逐步下降形成富含螺壳的浅水环境,但气候整体仍较为湿润;4.0~1.2ka BP气候变干冷,发育沼泽;1.2~0.7ka BP气候转暖湿,沉积相由沼泽相转变为湖泊相;0.7~0.5ka BP为河流相沉积,气候较为干冷.剖面记录的气候变化可与东亚季风变化、温度变化、太阳辐射进行对比,反映了该区域气候变化与全球气候变化的一致性.     

Palaeoclimatic evolution recorded by multidicipline in sediments in gahai lake, qaidam basin since late last deglacial

Based on the analyses of Loss-on-Ignition (LOI), carbonate content and sediment characteristics, this paper reconstructs the climatic and environmental evolution of the Gahai Lake area since the late Last Deglacial Period.The results cover the late Last Deglacial Period and the Holocene.The climate was very unstable and rather arid during the late Last Deglacial Period.The Holocene can be divided into three pe-riods:the early Holocene (11360-8240 cal aB.P.), which was dry but unstable and featured rising tem-peratttres, the mid-Holocene (8240-3200 cal aB.P.), which was warm and wet and the late Holocene (since 3200 cal aBP), which was cold and dry.Results also show a warm-wet event around 1500 cal aB.P.     

渭河阶地全新世成壤过程及人类因素研究

通过对陕西眉县清湫村全新世黄土剖面的野外考察研究、粒度分析和磁化率测定，揭示了在渭河阶地自然地带性土壤褐土的形成过程中，由于气候恶化和风尘堆积，以及仰韶文化期人类农业耕垦和聚落建设活动的影响，造成了某些区域全新世古土壤分裂为两层的现象．根据清湫村全新世黄土剖面层序模式，论证了全新世时期风尘堆积仍在继续，古土壤覆盖层亦具有风尘堆积的性质，但是它们受到历史时期人类耕作活动的改造     

Fluctuation of Picea timberline and paleo-environment on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains during the late Holocene

The fluctuation of alpine timberline, which can serve as a good indicator for Holocene climate, is the syn-thetically effective results of many environmental fac-tors during geological and historical periods and mod-ern times. In recent years, researches …     

Higher sea surface temperature in the northern South China Sea during the natural warm periods of late Holocene than recent decades

The large-scale syntheses of global mean temperatures in IPCC fourth report suggested that the Northern Hemisphere temperature in the second half of the 20th century was likely the highest in at least the past 1,300 years and the 1990s was likely the warmest decade. However, this remains debated and the controversy is centered on whether temperatures during the recent half century were higher than those during the Medieval Cli- mate Anomaly （MCA, AD 800-1300） and the Roman Warm Period （RWP, BC 200-AD 400）, the most recent two natural warm periods of the late Holocene. Here the high resolution sea surface temperatures （SSTs） of two time windows around AD 990 （±40） and AD 50 （±40）, which located in the MCA and RWP respectively, were reconstructed by the Sr/Ca ratio and 6180 of Tradacna gigas shells from the northern South China Sea. The resultssuggested that the mean SSTs around AD 990 （±40） and AD 50 （＋40） were 28.1 ℃ and 28.7 ℃, 0.8 ℃ and 1.4 ℃ higher than that during AD 199±2005, respectively. These records, together with the tree ring, lake sediment and literature records from the eastern China and northwest China, imply that the temperatures in recent decades do not seem to exceed the natural changes in MCA, at least in eastern Asia from northwest China to northern SCS.     

冰蚀湖相沉积物的环境磁学特征

以云南拱王山冰蚀湖(3579ma.s.l.)相沉积物为研究对象,对沉积物的磁化率进行实测研究,并与黄土、非冰川作用区的湖相沉积物相互校验,结果显示:冰蚀湖相沉积物的质量磁化率变化幅度大,老碳房剖面磁化率值介于 1.40～6.3333μm3·kg-1之间;频率磁化率普遍偏低,介于 0.011～0.2688 (μm3·kg-1)之间。对影响冰川作用区磁化率变化的因素进行了深入探讨,并阐述了运用磁化率变化反演环境变化的问题。     

Environmental changes reflected by n-alkanes of lake core in Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau since 8.4 kaB.P.

The n-alkanes are extracted from NMLC-1 core that was drilled in the Nam Co, central Tibet. They are measured by using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for componential and quantitative analyses. According to the constructed depth-age model, the component and concentration of n-alkanes, together with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbonate are used to elu- cidate palaeoenvironmental changes of Nam Co during the past 8.4 ka. The results indicate that Holo- cene environment performs three stages in the lake area. In the stage of 8.4―6.7 kaB.P., it was warmer while precipitation slightly increased. This stage was ended by an obvious cold/dry event. During 6.7― 5.8 kaB.P., temperature increased rapidly and reached its maximum values at about 6.0 kaB.P. The environments were warm/wet optimum for the blooming of terrestrial plants and submerged aquatic plants. After that, temperature decreased continuously and showed the lowest values at about 3.0 kaB.P. From 2.9 kaB.P. to the present, temperature rose again but alternated with cold and warm. The lake area tended to be dry after 1.4 kaB.P. During 600―400 aB.P., the environmental feature was the reflection of Little Ice Age.     

辽东湾古近纪东营期古气候演化及其对湖平面变化的影响

依据植被对气候的适应性原理,通过对辽东湾地区古近系东营组中孢粉进行气候类型划分、不同气候类型孢粉含量和相对比值综合分析,对古气候演化及其对湖平面变化的影响进行研究。结果表明:辽东湾渐新世东营期气候总体上表现为从相对干热向相对冷湿转变;气候演变存在明显的旋回特征,大致可以划分为5个气候旋回,与前人研究划分的四级层序界面吻合;气候和构造沉降控制了不同层次的湖平面变化,气候为构造沉降稳定阶段控制湖平面高频升降的主控因素,并间接控制四级层序界面的形成,同时干热气候是形成盆底扇的有利条件。     

新疆博格达山晚古生代花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义

分布在博格达山东段北缘的花岗岩类,侵入于早石炭世玄武岩及酸性火山碎屑岩中,具较高的Si(w(SiO_2)=69.50%～71.40%),低Mg(w(MgO)=0.82%～1.10%)和Al(w(Al_2O_3)=13.89%～14.30%),w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)=0.73～0.83,w(Al_2O_3)/(w(K_2O)+w(Na_2O)+w(CaO))=0.98～1.10,显示花岗岩为准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩.岩石富集K,Rb,Ba,Th,U及LREE(w(La)/w(Yb))_N=5.69～7.72,亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,P,Ti)和Sr,具弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.81)和较低的占δ~(18)O(6.08‰),以及低w(Sr)(158×10~(-6)～169×10~(-6)),w(Yb)(2.09×10~(-6)～2.85×10~(-6)),w(Y)(17.00×10~(-6)～23.60×10~(-6))和MREE略亏损(Ho_NYb_N)的地球化学特征.推断研究区花岗岩源于先前形成的底侵玄武质岩石(新生地壳)受热发生重熔作用,源区存在有限的角闪石+斜长石+辉石残留,形成于陆内裂谷环境,其动力学机制应与石炭纪克拉麦里蛇绿岩带或康古尔塔格碰撞带所代表的古大洋消减引起的陆内拉张作用有关.     

中国北方季风气候与内陆气候过渡地带全新世环境演变

在根据洪积扇形态和内陆湖水面变化恢复全新世以来降水量的基础上，确定了全新世及近百年来夏季风西北限的位置，并以此范围作为中国北方季风气候与内陆气候过渡地带，按照该地带中季风尾间闾的波动，内陆湖水量平衡特点及与中亚冰川物质平衡的对比进行综合分析，认为这一过渡地带的东西向迁移与全世以来全球性环境变化相对应，是中国北方环境变化的直接原因和基本内容；该地带环境以多变、易变、多灾、易灾为特点，是一个环境脆弱带。     

An analysis on the evolvement processes of lake eutrophication and their characteristics of the typical lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

Many lakes of China are in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially freshwater lakes, and their formation and evolvement are closely related to the change of water system and anthropic activity. In the recent decades, with the intensi…     

西藏湖泊表层沉积物硅藻组合及其环境影响因素

通过对西藏20个不同类型湖泊表层沉积物中硅藻属种分析鉴定,共发现10科27属212种硅藻,以喜碱性硅藻为主.其中相对优势属为Navicula(17.5%),Nitzschia(10.8%),Cymbella(8.5%),Fragilaria(8.5%),Gomphonema(7.1%),Pinnularia(6.1%);相对优势种为Denticula elegans,Fragilaria pinnata,Nitzschia denticula,其次为Navicula cincta var.leptocephala,Fragilaria leptostauron var.martyi,Amphora ovalis var.pediculus.研究表明:盐度指标T DS,SC,ρ(Mg2+),ρ(Mg2+)/ρ(Ca2+),ρ(CO2-3+HCO-3)和碱度是藏北湖泊硅藻分布的主控因素,pH值对硅藻种属组合特征也有明显控制作用.Denticula elegans可在电导率为3.98 mS/cm的环境中良好生长;Nitzschia denticula在西藏地区对pH的最高适应值达10.56;Fragilaria pinnata最优生长环境pH值为8.68,电导率为0.30 mS/cm;Fragilaria leptostauron var.martyi对盐度有一定的耐受能力,可在SC最高达3.98 mS/cm的环境中生长;Amphora ovalis var.pediculus在西藏地区最适生长环境SC为0.48 mS/cm,pH值为10.26;微咸水种Amphora veneta具有较强的耐盐性,能在盐度为345 mg/L的环境中大量生长;Opephora martyi的大量生长可能指示了营养良好的水体环境.     

基于遥感与GIS的朋曲流域冰川及冰湖变化研究

由于全球变暖,冰川正逐年退缩,随之引发的冰湖溃决洪水已不容忽视,但静态和孤立地研究冰湖已不能满足人们对冰湖信息的需求．本文基于20世纪70年代的地形图数据和2000年以来的ASTER遥感影像数据,使用GIS手段矢量化朋曲流域20世纪70年代和近期的冰川及冰湖的空间分布,并进行编目．对于获得的空间数据分析结果表明,在过去30年里该区冰川面积减少近9％,冰湖面积则增加了13％,在此基础上比较二者的联系和变化,识别出了24个可能发生溃决的冰湖,这为朋曲流域建立一套冰湖溃决预警系统提供依据;同时,对于研究其他类似地区的冰湖溃决现象也具有指导意义。     

水口侧孔倾角对大方坯结晶器流场和液面波动的影响

基于湍流模型与多相流模型的耦合,实现了对结晶器流动与自由液面波动行为的计算模拟.分析研究了不同侧孔倾角对对称多侧孔水口浇注大方坯结晶器内流场及自由液面波动的影响规律.结果表明:水口侧孔向下角度每增加5°,结晶器宽面和窄面冲击点位置分别下降约13 mm和10 mm;一定浸入深度下,钢水出口向下倾角的大小对大方坯结晶器液面波动影响不大,在3 mm以内;结晶器壁面附近的钢液较水口附近钢液活跃.推荐水口侧孔向下倾角为20°.     

新疆普通高校体育教育专业课程改革——与构建研究

文章根据新疆地域和民族特点,对新疆五所高等院校体育院系的课程结构进行了分析研究。在比较分析中,对高校体育教育专业本科课程结构的设计提出了建议。     

新疆地区公共图书馆数字资源建设现状及对策

通过对新疆地区公共图书馆数字信息资源建设的调查,分析了其目前基本情况和存在的问题,并对新疆地区公共图今后的数字资源建设工作进行了探讨。