聚四氟乙烯型印刷线路板的热解实验

利用热重(TG)法进行了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)型印刷线路板不同升温速率的热解特性实验研究,建立了表观热解反应动力学模型.利用固定床热解试验装置进行了PTFE线路板热解实验,利用气-质联用(GC-MS)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别检测了热解气体和固体产物.结果表明:a.所建热解模型与实验数据符合较好,求得动力学三参数分别为活化能223.606 kJ/mol,反应级数0,指前因子1.529×1013min-1;b.热解气体产物主要为八氟环丁烷.手动剥离即可实现金属和玻璃纤维等组分的分离富集,富集的金属片主要为铜片及其镀层上含有少量的金、镍等贵重金属;富集的玻璃纤维中含有大量的碳,还有一定量的O,F,Al,Si,Ca,Ti等元素.     

桉木APMP制浆废液固形物的热解特性

采用热重-傅里叶红外光谱联用(TG-FTIR)技术对桉木碱性过氧化氢法(APMP)制浆废液固形物(ASLS)热裂解过程中主要挥发性产物的释放规律进行了研究,结合高温静态水平管式炉快速热解及气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发分组成进行了确认.TG-FTIR结果表明,ASLS热解过程分为3个阶段,热解温度区间分别为200 ～371℃、371 ～530℃和745 ～986℃,第1热解阶段的主要产物为CO2,占总产物的90％以上,第2热解阶段的主要产物为CO2、CH4、醛酮类化合物和酚醇类化合物,第3热解阶段的主要产物为CO.GC分析结果显示,H2、CH4、CO、CO2、C2 H4和C2H6是热解的主要不可冷凝产物.GC-MS分析结果表明:醛酮类和酚类化合物是ASLS热解过程中的主要可冷凝产物,这与TG-FTIR结果相一致;醛酮类化合物在600℃左右达到最大产率41.43％.     

麦草碱法黑液热解的产物特性及释放规律

对麦草碱法制浆黑液固形物(BLS) 400 ～ 800℃热解产物组成特性进行了研究.采用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对热解气相产物和液相产物组成进行了全面分析;利用扫描电镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)对固相产物的表面形貌及元素分布进行了表征.借助热重红外联用技术(TG-FTIR)探讨了热解过程中主要产物的释放规律.结果表明,BLS热解产物中,气相产物主要成分为H2、CO、CO2以及CxHy(CH4、C2H2、C2H4、C2H6)等,液相产物中主要是酚类、酮类、醇类、醚类、酸类、呋喃以及芳香化合物.TG-FTIR结果显示,BLS热解产物释放时间主要集中在l 000 ～2 000 s(300 ～600℃),此时BLS释放的产物主要为H2O、CO2、CH4、CO,以及烷烃类、芳烃类、酚醇类和酮类化合物.     

超临界乙醇抽提废弃线路板的实验研究

以超临界乙醇为抽提溶剂,在反应温度为280℃、反应压力为7.4MPa、反应时间为60min的条件下对FR-4型溴化环氧树脂基板进行超临界乙醇抽提实验研究,并对其抽提液体和固体产物进行分析,计算其抽提率和结焦率。结果表明,利用超临界乙醇抽提废弃线路板具有高抽提率和低结焦率的特点;抽提反应完成后废弃线路板各材料层之间分离效果明显,且玻璃纤维可以回收利用;液体产物中的主要成分是苯酚及其衍生物和微量的Br、P、S、N等化合物。     

废印刷线路板粉碎处理中热解污染的试验研究

为减少废印刷线路板粉碎时的热解污染,改善其环境友好性,进行了试验研究。在冲击试验中,引入红外热成像技术模拟、估算局部温度;联合使用热重及裂解Fourier变换红外谱,分析了FR-4线路板的热解特性和产物组分。试验发现:冲击粉碎中局部高温可达300~350℃,而在270~350℃范围内FR-4线路板存在剧烈的热解失重。热解产物可能包括溴代烃、甲苯、溴苯、溴甲苯及少量的酚、甲酚、溴酚等。局部高温是造成粉碎中热解污染物释放和积累的根本原因,因此,有必要改进粉碎工艺使局部温升限制在裂解温度以下。     

废线路板催化热解脱溴产物和重金属的分布特征

在固定床反应器真空气氛条件下,研究不同添加剂与废线路板共热解特性,分析各相产物中重金属及溴的分布特征。研究结果表明:活性Al2O3添加剂与废线路板共热解体系质量损失最多,FeOOH和活性Al2O3的加入能促进热裂解,液体产物增加,其主要成分70%~80%为芳烃类有机物,添加剂加入后,热解油中溴化芳烃类有机物减少,小分子物质如苯酚等含量增加,其中加入Fe3O4得到的液体产物中苯酚所占比例高达50.16%,FeOOH存在时,液体产物中基本未检出溴。重金属Cu,Cr,Ni和Zn主要分布在固体残渣中,加入添加剂均能促使重金属富集固定在热解渣中。     

木质素热解的TG-FTIR实验研究

利用热重红外分析仪(TG-FTIR)对木质素进行热重分析及主要气相产物分析,并探讨了升温速率和碱金属盐对木质素热解过程的影响规律。结果表明：随着升温速率的增加,挥发分析出阶段DTG曲线的峰型变宽,热解起始温度、最大失重峰温均向高温侧移动,且较高的升温速率不利于气相产物的析出。添加碳酸钠、碳酸钙和碳酸钾对木质素热解主反应区反应速率的影响较小,相比碱金属盐的加入量而言最终热解固体产物略有增加,同时碱金属盐的添加对气相产物的析出有明显抑制作用。与其它两种碱金属盐相比,碳酸钙的加入对600~700℃温度区间内木质素热解产生的CO和CO₂产量有一定的促进作用。     

木质素热解的热重红外分析仪实验研究

利用热重红外分析仪(TG-FTIR)对木质素进行热重分析及主要气相产物分析;并探讨了升温速率和碱金属盐对木质素热解过程的影响规律。结果表明:随着升温速率的增加,挥发分析出阶段DTG曲线的峰型变宽,热解起始温度、最大失重峰温均向高温侧移动;且较高的升温速率不利于气相产物的析出。添加碳酸钠、碳酸钙和碳酸钾对木质素热解主反应区反应速率的影响较小,相比碱金属盐的加入量而言,最终热解固体产物略有增加;同时碱金属盐的添加对气相产物的析出有明显抑制作用。与其他两种碱金属盐相比,碳酸钙的加入对600~700℃温度区间内木质素热解产生的CO和CO_2产量有一定的促进作用。     

基于热重-红外联用技术的狼尾草热解过程分析

通过热重-红外联用技术在线分析研究了狼尾草在慢速升温条件下的热裂解行为和机理。结果表明,狼尾草的热分解主要发生在220～500℃,500℃以后热失重非常缓慢,在此温度下固体残留物的质量分数为5.33%。在线红外分析表明狼尾草热解产物主要有CO、CO2、烷烃、醛类、酸类等物质。根据热重曲线和红外谱图,将热解过程分阶段进行了热解动力学的研究,狼尾草热解3个阶段的活化能分别为301.51、88.39和330.58 kJ/mol。     

废旧乱线的热重分析及中试试验研究

利用差热热重分析仪研究了废旧乱线（PE线）外皮热解特性,通过热重和热重微分曲线得出动力学3参数,同时应用独立建设的中试设备进行了PE线的热解试验.试验结果表明：PE线热解温度区间较长,为267～580℃,活化能和指前因子分别为259.19kJ/mol和3.79×1017 min-1,反应级数为1;热解产物既有烃类大分子...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has