太阳黑子的威尔逊降落

利用靠近日面中心的一个近似园形单极黑子的磁场资科(图1)和磁场随黑子深度变化的程论模型来研究威尔逊降落。磁场资料是采用云南天文台的太阳磁场测量仪器获得的。图2表示1976年4月21日黑子的观测等高斯轮廓。假设黑子处于磁流体静力学平衡,这表示黑子和非扰光球在同一几何深度的压力差被磁压所补偿。利用两种方法对两类黑子模型(即比光球模型透明和不透明)分别计算不同光学深度τ处的降落。表1和1给出计算结果。结果表明,在0.01≤τ_(5000)≤1.0,降落大约是400—1000公里,这与其它观测结果符合。     

异常的第24太阳活动周——新千年的第一个完整的太阳活动周

介绍自2007年下半年到现在的非常低的太阳活动状况:无黑子活动天数为16太阳活动周以来最多,不排除24周的无黑子天数是现代黑子周内最多的可能;高纬度(35°)黑子的纬度为12周最低;从2003年11月～2008年9月,较高纬度(20°)每月没有黑子或只有1个黑子,共计持续了58个月,也为12周以来第一次观测到;太阳风速度、太阳风压、10cm电磁波辐射、太阳极区磁场、太阳总光度辐射等参量都为有观测资料以来的最低.对于这种极低太阳活动的现象,介绍了从当前的日震观测给予的解释、也从Gleissberg周期的长尺度、超长太阳活动周期尺度给予了解释.依据目前的观测,我们确定24黑子活动周于2008年11月开始.综合多种经典太阳活动预报方法给出的对24周太阳活动水平的预报,以及美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋大气局对24周的未来发展趋势的预报,认为24周太阳活动水平估计比23周将要弱30%左右.异常的24太阳活动周为太阳物理和日地关系物理研究带来机遇.     

中国射电天文观测和研究展望

综述了中国射电天文观测和研究状况,展望射电天文观测和研究的前景.介绍了中国射电天文观测的主要设备,为培养射电天文观测和研究人材提供相关信息.     

同1972年5—6月的太阳质子事件有关的大黑子群分析

我们分析了1972年5月25日—6月5日过日面的黑子群(McMath活动区编号11895)的形态,目的在于寻找导致耀斑爆发的因素,以便提高太阳活动预报的水平,从而较准确地预报宇航安全期和短波通讯,突然骚扰,并且为耀斑等太阳活动现象机制的研究提供线索。 我们发现本黑子群形态的主要特点是前导黑子的旋转、分裂和自行,并且前导黑子呈现的δ磁结构在黑子群过日面期间一直存在。这黑子群的复杂的磁结构可能是本活动区一系列剧烈活动的主要原因。 黑子形态的上述剧烈变化与耀斑爆发在时间上和空间上有较好的相关性。 本活动区引起的质子耀斑和质子事件发生前,黑子形态的主要特征是前异黑子的旋转和分裂,并有部分旋涡半影结构。磁场结构的特点是黑子群磁极性排列的倒置、δ磁结构的存在和磁场梯度的剧烈变化。这表明质子耀斑和质子事件的发生同这些现象有一定的物理联系。 5月29日以后,前导黑子的逆时针旋转,可能主要是由于不对称半影使黑子自行的结果。     

2003年6月13日太阳耀斑事件的多波段分析

2003年6月13日04:30(UT),中国科学院国家天文台怀柔观测站的太阳射电频谱仪在1～2/2.6～3.8/5.2～7.6 GHz射电波段上观测到太阳耀斑爆发.几乎在同一时刻,RHESSI在硬X射线波段、TRACE在极紫外波段、SOHO/MDI也观测到这一爆发事件.分析了整个耀斑过程,得到以下3个结果:1)射电爆发过程中出现了几个反向漂移结构,频漂速度为200～800 MHz·s-1,电子的运动速度为1 000～6 000 km·s-1.2)硬X射线爆发与射电爆发之间关系非常密切.在50～100 keV波段,2个磁足点均有HXR爆发,其中一个足点的磁场较另一足点的磁场强;而在12～25keV波段,HXR爆发源只有1个.3)EUV爆发过程中源运动的空间尺度与射电爆发中电子运动的空间尺度一致,它可能反映了射电源的源区尺寸.通过HXR源与射电源之间的关系来确定射电源可能存在的空间位置.     

太阳活动峰年和谷年期间黑子群与耀斑的统计分析

基于NOAA/SWPC公布的太阳活动数据,我们选取第24太阳活动峰年附近的12个连续月份(2011年7月至2012年6月)和第23太阳活动周谷年附近的12个连续月份(2005年7月至2006年6月),统计了这两段时间中太阳黑子群和耀斑的活动规律,并根据时间、黑子群分布纬度、寿命和磁场类型等对峰年和谷年进行了详细分析和比较,主要结论如下所述.(1)黑子群数随时间的变化在峰年和谷年均比较随机,峰年期间黑子数比谷年增多1.5倍左右.耀斑爆发与黑子群活动具有良好的相关性,但峰年期间存在某个月份耀斑数很少的现象,而谷年期间存在某个月份耀斑数集中增多的现象.(2)无论峰年还是谷年,δ类型黑子群的耀斑产率(耀斑总数与黑子群总数之比)最大,但β型黑子群产生的耀斑爆发最多.耀斑产率与磁场类型有密切关系,但与其所处太阳活动周中的阶段无关.(3)黑子群和耀斑的纬度分布的南北不对称性,以X级耀斑最为显著.峰年较谷年的耀斑数增加主要集中在C级和M级.(4)耀斑产率同黑子群寿命具有良好的相关性,但黑子群的数目同它们的寿命之间没有明显的规律.     

米波射电观测研究银河宇宙线的分布和起源

100多年来,银河宇宙线的起源,传播,空间分布一直是宇宙线的研究重点之一,至今虽有巨大进展但仍远没有完全明白.近年来,射电,光学,X-ray和γ-ray的联合观测对我们了解银河宇宙线起到了重要的推动作用.它们已经给出的众多证据表明银河宇宙线很有可能主要起源于超新星遗迹的扩散激波加速.对高灵敏度Fermi银河弥散γ-ray数据的分析,使得我们对宇宙线在银河系内分布和组成的认识进一步加深.米波射电观测将有可能在银河宇宙线的空间分布和传播(通过电离氢区和行星状星云的吸收观测,高灵敏度高分辨率米波射电巡天),宇宙线的起源(超新星遗迹激波区域的观测,河外点源和脉冲星的闪烁,散射观测,Te Vγ-ray源在低能端的对应体的搜寻)方面起到重要的作用.     

射电天文频率保护

本文简要介绍目前射电天文研究和射电望远镜的国内外现状。由于所观测的宇宙信号非常微弱,射电天文观测极易受到主动业务的干扰。根据国际电信联盟的相关频率保护规定,通过设立无线电宁静区,保护射电天文观测免受人工信号的干扰。     

1972年8月太阳活动区的米波特征

1972年8月,在日面上出现了一个质子耀斑活动区,北京天文台黑子编号为1972年238号(Mc Math 11976活动区)。在这个活动区过日面期间,产生了一系列大耀斑,其中有四个质子耀斑,分别发生在8月2日、2日、4日和7日,见表1。由于我国所处的地理经度的原因,我国观测到其中的两个质子耀斑。伴随质子耀斑产生了很强的射电爆发。这些质子耀微喷出了大量的高能粒子,发出了强烈的X射线及紫外线等。这些高能粒子辐射和电磁波辐射引起了一系列空间物理和地球物理效应。在近地空间测到了很强的质子流,按斯马     

太阳黑子周形态的由来(Ⅰ)

本文讨论了两个问题: (1)在太阳对流层内的大尺度“其本磁场”的形成问题,以及它所决定的黑子周的特征。 (2)太阳活动区黑子的偶极磁场形成问题。 我们提出了太阳核心是一个具有二十二年周期的磁偶极振荡子的假设,它所产生的太阳磁流波的经向磁场不断地向外渗透到较差自转层内被放大,从而形成了具有很大纬向分量的“基本磁场”,它的特征决定了黑子周的形态。 基本磁场产生了磁浮力,我们得到它是一个磁雷诺数很小的上浮运动,因而它不是冻结的磁力线管的上升,而是磁力对流运动。并且在对流气泡横越基本磁场的过程中,形成了围绕气泡的磁环,当它浮至太阳表面便是活动区的偶极磁场。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that