利用Miller-Scalo初始质量函数计算银晕的化学演化

银晕是银河系统的重要组成部分，本文利用Miller-Scalo形式的初始质量函数并结合TSY化学演化模型，通过拟合晕族恒星随金属丰度的计数的观测值，对早期银晕的化学演化的一些特征进行计算和讨论。     

The age of the Milky Way inner halo

The Milky Way galaxy has several components, such as the bulge, disk and halo. Unravelling the assembly history of these stellar populations is often restricted because of difficulties in measuring accurate ages for low-mass, hydrogen-burning stars. Unlike these progenitors, white dwarf stars, the 'cinders' of stellar evolution, are remarkably simple objects and their fundamental properties can be measured with little ambiguity. Here I report observations of newly formed white dwarf stars in the halo of the Milky Way, and a separate analysis of archival data in the well studied 12.5-billion-year-old globular cluster Messier 4. I measure the mass distribution of the remnant stars and invert the stellar evolution process to develop a mathematical relation that links this final stellar mass to the mass of their immediate progenitors, and therefore to the age of the parent population. By applying this technique to a small sample of four nearby and kinematically confirmed halo white dwarf stars, I calculate the age of local field halo stars to be 11.4?±?0.7 billion years. The oldest globular clusters formed 13.5?billion years ago. Future observations of newly formed white dwarf stars in the halo could be used to reduce the uncertainty, and to probe relative differences between the formation times of the youngest globular clusters and the inner halo.     

活动星系核中的尘埃

尘埃是活动星系核统一模型的基石,该模型认为呈现不同观测特征的活动星系核在物理本质上属于同一类天体,活动星系核外围绕着一个光学厚尘埃环,不同类型的活动星系核只是因观测者视线相对于活动星系核对称轴的取向不同而已.观测表明,活动星系核中尘埃的组成成分及尺寸与银河系星际尘埃有很大的差别.本文介绍活动星系核核周尘埃的消光和红外辐射以及尘埃可能的化学组成和尺寸分布的研究现状.     

The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei

The old, red stars that constitute the bulges of galaxies, and the massive black holes at their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable rates and active galactic nuclei (AGN) shone brightly as a result of accretion onto black holes. It is widely suspected, but unproved, that the tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the stellar bulge results from the AGN quenching the surrounding star formation as it approaches its peak luminosity. X-rays trace emission from AGN unambiguously, whereas powerful star-forming galaxies are usually dust-obscured and are brightest at infrared and submillimetre wavelengths. Here we report submillimetre and X-ray observations that show that rapid star formation was common in the host galaxies of AGN when the Universe was 2-6 billion years old, but that the most vigorous star formation is not observed around black holes above an X-ray luminosity of 10(44) ergs per second. This suppression of star formation in the host galaxy of a powerful AGN is a key prediction of models in which the AGN drives an outflow, expelling the interstellar medium of its host and transforming the galaxy's properties in a brief period of cosmic time.     

Neutron halo state of13C

Angular distributions for the ¹²C(d, p) ¹³C transfer reactions have been measured at Ed = 11.8 MeV, and compared with those of the DWBA calculations. By means of this comparison, density distributions of the last neutron in the ground state and the first 1/2⁺ state of ¹³Care extracted. The properties of these states in 13C have also been studied in the framework of the nonlinear relativistic mean-field theory with NL-SH parameters. It is found that the first 1/2⁺ state in ¹³C is a neutron halo state shown by both the experimental and theoretical density distributions of the last neutron.     

简并中微子晕及其观测效应

用更接近实际的非均匀密度模型，在广义相对论框架下讨论了中微子的成晕结构及其观测效应。     

An extremely primitive star in the Galactic halo

The early Universe had a chemical composition consisting of hydrogen, helium and traces of lithium; almost all other elements were subsequently created in stars and supernovae. The mass fraction of elements more massive than helium, Z, is known as 'metallicity'. A number of very metal-poor stars has been found, some of which have a low iron abundance but are rich in carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. For theoretical reasons and because of an observed absence of stars with Z?相似文献   

Active galactic nuclei as scaled-up Galactic black holes

A long-standing question is whether active galactic nuclei (AGN) vary like Galactic black hole systems when appropriately scaled up by mass. If so, we can then determine how AGN should behave on cosmological timescales by studying the brighter and much faster varying Galactic systems. As X-ray emission is produced very close to the black holes, it provides one of the best diagnostics of their behaviour. A characteristic timescale--which potentially could tell us about the mass of the black hole--is found in the X-ray variations from both AGN and Galactic black holes, but whether it is physically meaningful to compare the two has been questioned. Here we report that, after correcting for variations in the accretion rate, the timescales can be physically linked, revealing that the accretion process is exactly the same for small and large black holes. Strong support for this linkage comes, perhaps surprisingly, from the permitted optical emission lines in AGN whose widths (in both broad-line AGN and narrow-emission-line Seyfert 1 galaxies) correlate strongly with the characteristic X-ray timescale, exactly as expected from the AGN black hole masses and accretion rates. So AGN really are just scaled-up Galactic black holes.     

普通菜豆晕疫病研究进展

 近年来,普通菜豆晕疫病在中国普通菜豆产区大面积发生,造成减产,甚至绝产,正发展成为危害普通菜豆生产的主要因素之一。然而,中国普通菜豆抗晕疫病种质资源本底不清,抗性遗传研究尚未开展,生产上可利用的抗病品种极度匮乏。为此,综述了普通菜豆晕疫病的病原菌特征、致病机理、检测方法、防治措施、抗性遗传、抗病种质资源筛选等方面的研究进展,并对普通菜豆晕疫病的研究方向提出建议。