机械合金化法制备的Cu/SiC纳米复合材料的组织、热性能和力学性能评估

Nano-sized silicon carbide (SiC: 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, and 8wt%) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix nanocomposites were manufactured, pressed, and sintered at 775 and 875°C in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The density, thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties were studied. XRD analyses showed that with increasing SiC content, the microstrain and dislocation density increased, while the crystal size decreased. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites was less than that of the Cu matrix. The improvement in the CTE with increasing sintering temperature may be because of densification of the microstructure. Moreover, the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites showed noticeable enhancements with the addition of SiC and sintering temperatures, where the microhardness and apparent strengthening efficiency of nanocomposites containing 8wt% SiC and sintered at 875°C were 958.7 MPa and 1.07 vol%?1, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the sample slightly decreased with additional SiC and increased with sintering temperature. The prepared Cu/SiC nanocomposites possessed good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties.     

SiCp/ZL201 复合材料的力学性能

研究了ＳｉＣｐ粒子尺寸、质量分数及热处理工艺对铸造ＳｉＣｐ／ＺＬ２０１复合材料的室温和高温力学性能的影响．随ＳｉＣ粒子质量分数的提高和粒子尺寸的增大，复合材料的室温抗拉强度呈下降趋势．随温度升高，基体合金的抗拉强度急剧下降，而复合材料的抗拉强度则下降较小．当温度大于２４０℃时复合材料的抗拉强度高于基体合金，这表明ＳｉＣ粒子的加入提高了基体合金的高温抗拉强度．     

Purity of SiC powders fabricated by coat-mix

Silicon carbide powders were synthesized by the coat-mix process, with phenolic resin and silicon powders as starting materials. The effects of synthetic conditions, including sintering temperature and the molar ratio of resin-derived carbon to silicon on the composition and the purity of the resultant powders were investigated. The results show that a higher sintering temperature and an appropriate molar ratio of resin-derived carbon to silicon are favorable for producing high purity silicon carbide powders. It is found that the silicon carbide content increases slightly with increasing the sintering temperature during the solid-solid reaction. The temperature gradient plays an important role on this trend. When the sintering temperature is raised up to 1500℃, the formation of silicon earbide is based on the liquid-solid reaction, and high purity (99.8wt%) silicon carbide powders can easily be obtained. It can also be found that the optimum molar ratio of resin-derived carbon to silicon is 1:1.     

烧结温度对高速压制制备弥散强化铜材料导电率的影响

弥散强化铜材料具有高强度和高导电性的特性,孔洞是影响导电率的重要因素.本文采用高速压制成形技术,对Al2 O3质量分数为0.9%的弥散强化铜粉压制成形,研究了压制速度对生坯的影响.当压制速度为9.4 m·s-1时得到密度为8.46 g·cm-3的生坯.研究了烧结温度对烧结所得Al2 O3弥散强化铜试样导电率的影响.当生坯密度相同时,烧结温度越高,所得试样的导电率也越高.断口与金相分析表明：烧结温度为950℃时,烧结不充分,颗粒边界以及孔洞多而明显,孔洞形状不规则;烧结温度为1080℃时,颗粒边界消失,孔洞圆化,韧窝出现,烧结坯的电导率为71.3%IACS.     

银/聚吡咯纳米复合材料的制备与结构表征

以硝酸银和吡咯为原料,采用一步法制备Ag/PPy纳米复合材料,考察了单体用量、原料配比等因素对制备纳米复合微球的影响,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外分光光度计(UV)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对纳米微球进行了表征。结果表明:银/聚吡咯纳米复合粒子具有棒状结构,聚吡咯对银纳米粒子进行了包覆;复合粒子圆球头部的平均直径为300~500 nm,银纳米粒子在复合微粒中呈面心立方的晶体结构;制备纳米复合粒子时,吡咯与硝酸银较适宜的物质的量比为0.9∶1。     

6066Al/SiC_p复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能

研究了经制粉→混料→真空抽气→热挤压工艺制备的 6 0 6 6Al SiCp 复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能 .复合材料的阻尼特征通过动态机械热分析仪 (DMTA)测量 ,得出了 2种不同SiC含量的 6 0 6 6Al SiCp 复合材料及 6 0 6 6Al合金在温度为 30～ 2 5 0℃ ,频率为 0 .1,1,10和 30Hz时的阻尼值 .利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对复合材料组织特征进行了分析 ,根据组织特征及阻尼数据对复合材料的阻尼机制进行了讨论 .结果表明 :将 2～ 3μm的SiC颗粒加入6 0 6 6Al中 ,当SiC含量为 7% (体积分数 )时 ,增强的SiC颗粒分布较均匀 ,与基体结合良好 ;当SiC含量为 12 %时 ,SiC易聚集成团 .少量SiC能明显提高 6 0 6 6Al的阻尼能力 ,尤其是高温阻尼性能 ;6 0 6 6Al SiCp 复合材料的高阻尼性能主要是SiC颗粒加入后使位错密度大大增加 ,基体晶界及基体与SiC颗粒界面的存在使材料在循环载荷下消耗能量所致 .     

熔剂法制备SiC_p/ZA27复合材料的工艺和性能研究

针对液态搅拌法制备ＳｉＣｐ／ＺＡ２７复合材料,研制出高效复合熔剂,用它处理ＳｉＣ颗粒表面,以改变颗粒表面物理结构和化学特性,引起反应润湿,造成熔体的成分起伏并优化结晶条件,从而一气完成改善润湿、变质精炼和活性吸附金相分析表明：宏观上制得的复合材料组织致密、颗粒分布均匀且界面结合良好;微观上颗粒处于晶内,呈现颗粒吞没机制就凝固特性,复合材料宏观上仍以糊状方式凝固,但在颗粒微区内,凝固方式从颗粒表层至熔体中心由中间凝固,甚至逐层凝固,向糊状凝固方式过渡通过比较试验,分析并获得了最优熔剂处理工艺和最优液态搅拌工艺经凝固过程固液界面行为分析证实,控制合适的熔剂层厚度和配比能够实现颗粒吞没机制,使颗粒处于晶内,此时颗粒分布均匀、组织致密、界面结合强,制得的复合材料的常温抗拉强度约为３１０～３６０ＭＰａ,延伸率约处于０．５％～１．５％     

CNTs/SiCp增强镁基复合材料的力学性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)和碳化硅(SiCp)增强镁材料,并对复合材料的力学性能进行测试,对其显微组织进行观察和分析,以及利用扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行表征.结果表明:CNTs和SiCp的加入使镁基复合材料的晶粒细化和强化,镀镍处理后的CNTs与基体有很好的相容性,显著提高复合材料的力学性能.     

原位生长碳纳米管增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能简

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料（SiCf/SiC）是航空航天和聚变能源等高技术领域理想的高温结构材料,改善纤维与基体的界面结合是提高其力学性能的关键。本文采用化学气相沉积法在纤维表面原位生长碳纳米管,以达到改善纤维与基体的结合同时对复合材料进行二次增强的目的。结果表明,采用碳纳米管增强的SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能有不同程度的提高,特别是当碳纳米管的体积分数为5．31％时,复合材料的断裂韧性提高106．3％。纤维表面的碳纳米管层与纤维结合较弱,能够促进纤维的拔出,从而促进复合材料断裂韧性的提高;另外,碳纳米管的拔出对复合断裂韧性的提高也有一定的促进作用。     

Effect of graphite powder as a forming filler on the mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites by pressure infiltration

(38vol% SiCp + 2vol% Al₂O_3f)/2024 Al composites were fabricated by pressure infiltration. Graphite powder was introduced as a forming filler in preform preparation, and the effects of the powder size on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the final composites were investigated. The results showed that the composite with 15 μm graphite powder as a forming filler had the maximum tensile strength of 506 MPa, maximum yield strength of 489 MPa, and maximum elongation of 1.2%, which decreased to 490 MPa, 430 MPa, and 0.4%, respectively, on increasing the graphite powder size from 15 to 60 μm. The composite with 60 μm graphite powder showed the highest elastic modulus, and the value decreased from 129 to 113 GPa on decreasing the graphite powder size from 60 to 15 μm. The differences between these properties are related to the different microstructures of the corresponding composites, which determine their failure modes.     

聚酰亚胺/凹凸棒土纳米复合物制备与表征

通过溶液聚合法，以聚酰胺酸（聚酰亚胺前聚体）和凹凸棒土合成制备酰亚胺／凹凸棒土纳米复合物．其结构和性质通过动态力学分析仪（DMA），热失重分析仪（TG），透射电镜（TEM）测定，结果表明，在凹凸棒土含量为3％时，在聚酰亚胺基体中，其分散性较好，而在含量为7％时，凹凸棒土出现部分团聚现象．在使用温度超过330℃时，加入凹凸棒土的纳米复合物的储能模量（E′）下降较慢，玻璃化转变温度Tg和热分解温度均增加15～30℃．     

聚酰亚胺/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基蒙脱土处理得到了有机土蒙脱，以均苯四甲酸酐和4，4‘-二氨基二苯醚为原料，利用溶液聚合原位插层法合成了聚酰亚胺／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．x-射线衍射(XRD)、红外分析(FTIR)测定了处理前后蒙脱土结构的变化，结果表明插层剂已进入到蒙脱土层阃并使层间距增大，扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的微相结构进行了分析，TCA测试了材料的热性能．     

Improvement in the mechanical properties of Al/SiC nanocomposites fabricated by severe plastic deformation and friction stir processing

Severely deformed aluminum sheets were processed by friction stir processing (FSP) with SiC nanoparticles under different conditions to improve the mechanical properties of both the stir zone and the heat affected zone (HAZ). In the case of using a simple probe and the same rotational direction (RD) of the FSP tool between passes, at least three FSP passes were required to obtain the appropriate distribution of nanoparticles. However, after three FSP passes, fracture occurred outward from the stir zone during transverse tensile tests; thus, the strength of the specimen was significantly lower than that of the severely deformed base material because of the softening phenomenon in the HAZ. To improve the mechanical properties of the HAZ, we investigated the possibility of achieving an appropriate distribution of nanoparticles using fewer FSP passes. The results indicated that using the threaded probe and changing the RD of the FSP tool between the passes effectively shattered the clusters of nanoparticles and led to an acceptable distribution of SiC nanoparticles after two FSP passes. In these cases, fracture occurred at the HAZ with higher strength compared to the specimen processed using three FSP passes with the same RD between the passes and with the simple probe. The fracture behaviors of the processed specimens are discussed in detail.     

热处理对Mullite／ZrO2／SiCp复相陶瓷结构与性能的影响

结合无冷机燃烧室缸盖底板的研制,研究了热处理对热压Ｍｕｌｌｉｔｅ／ＺｒＯ２／ＳｉＣｐ复相陶瓷材料结构与性能的影响,对不同热处理条件下的表面裂纹愈合,ＳｉＣ氧化,晶界玻璃相析晶或柱状莫来石颗粒强化等现象进行了分析;在一定条件的热处理作用下,材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性得以明显改善,并已成功地应用于莫来石相陶瓷缸盖底板的研制。     

微纳米ZrB2p/Al复合材料的原位合成机制和组织特征

采用Al--KBF4--K2ZrF6组元通过熔体直接反应法制备了ZrB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料,优化的初始合成温度范围为850～870℃,反应时间为25～30 min.扫描电镜观察结果显示：ZrB2颗粒尺寸为300～400 nm,颗粒间距200 nm左右,有团簇现象,团簇体尺寸为30～40μm.当颗粒理论体积分数为3%时,单位熔体体积内ZrB2颗粒形核数量为6.68×1017 m-3,平均线长大速率为47.3nm.s-1.分析团簇原因认为：大量细小高熔点ZrB2增加了熔体黏度,颗粒扩散阻力大,限制了颗粒迁移位移;ZrB2颗粒因密度大具有较高的沉降速率.原位反应过程分析表明：通过Al3Zr--AlB2间的分子化合及[Zr]--[B]间的原子化合得到ZrB2颗粒,是高温稳定相.     

喷涂成形的MASiCp／Al复合材料显微组织

采用机械合金化方法制备ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ复合材料粉末，以喷涂方式成形，对不同喷涂方式得到的涂层的显微结构进行对比，并着重对爆炸喷涂所获得的独特组织结构－－Ａｌ２Ｏ３非晶相和弥散分布的ＳｉＣｐ，进行了观察和分析。     

碳还原粉煤灰制备SiC/Al2 O3系复合材料

在氩气气氛下,以粉煤灰为原料,石墨为还原剂,研究碳还原粉煤灰制备SiC/Al2 O3系复合材料的反应过程,并探索其制备的工艺条件.利用X射线衍射分析还原产物的物相变化规律,使用扫描电镜和能谱仪观察复合材料的微观结构.结果表明：在1673 K粉煤灰中石英相与碳反应生碳化硅,1773 K莫来石相基本分解完全.随着反应温度的升高,生成碳化硅和氧化铝含量增加,较合适的温度条件为1773~1873 K;保温时间的延长,有利于碳化硅和氧化铝的生成,较好的保温时间为3~4 h;增加配碳量对碳化硅和氧化铝的生成有促进作用,较合适的C/Si摩尔比为4~5.在制备出的SiC/Al2 O3复合材料中碳化硅在产物中分散较为均匀,并且粒度小于20μm.     

纳米SiC对C/C复合材料石墨化与抗氧化性能的影响规律

本文制备纳米SiC基体改性的SiC-C/C复合材料,利用X射线衍射技术、高分辨率透射电镜等研究SiC对碳材料的石墨化度的影响.纳米SiC能够显著促进碳基体材料的石墨化度,同时通过高分辨率透射电镜在纳米SiC颗粒周围观测到明显的石墨化结构,并且距离SiC越近,碳基体的石墨化程度越高.通过静态氧化实验研究SiC-C/C复合材料的抗氧化性能.结果表明,随着SiC加入量的增加复合材料的抗氧化性显著提高,纳米SiC在高温下生成较为均匀的SiO2保护层,覆盖在碳材料的表面,阻碍氧气与碳材料的接触,并且SiC含量越高,形成的保护层越厚,抗氧化能力越强.     

SiC_P／Al复合材料界面约束探讨

分析了金属基复合材料韧性下降的原因，并通过简单的串联力学模型讨论金属基体对颗粒约束的影响。在ＳＥＭ下的拉伸试验，直接从微观上证明了这种约束的作用。     

炭泡沫中Si含量对碳化硅多孔陶瓷 组织和性能的影响

研究炭泡沫预制体中Si添加量的变化对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的组织及性能的影响. 以中间相沥青添加一定质量分数的Si粉为原料,经发泡工艺制备含Si的炭泡沫预制体并结合反应烧结工艺制得碳化硅多孔陶瓷. 对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、相组成、孔隙率、孔筋密度和抗弯强度进行分析与测试. 结果表明:随着炭泡沫预制体中Si量的增加,碳化硅多孔陶瓷的孔隙率下降,孔筋密度增加,抗弯强度提高. 当Si的质量分数为50%时,多孔陶瓷孔筋完全由SiC相组成,孔筋密度为3.14g/cm3,多孔陶瓷的抗弯强度达到23.9MPa,对应孔隙率为55%.