钢的制动磨损机理

在ＭＭ－１０００磨损试验机上,对３５ＣｒＭｏ钢与石棉和半金属摩擦材料组成的摩擦副进行了制动磨损试验,重点研究了钢的制动磨损机理．研究结果表明,钢的制动磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和粘着;因摩擦热的影响,制动后钢的摩擦表面出现热震开裂,表层组织过热甚至过烧,表面的粘着物由表向里扩散;钢在制动过程中还出现特有的浅层剥落,它是一个塑性变形积累、裂纹形成和扩展的过程．     

用内转换电子穆斯堡尔谱研究氮离子注入纯铁和GCr15 钢的温度效应

在离子束注入金属材料表面改性的研究中,氮离子束注入钢已被证实是一种很有效的表面改性 方法,它能显著改善钢表面的耐磨性能,但表面性能的改善与注入条件密切相关。本文用内转换电子穆斯堡尔谱分析不同温主廿注入的纯铁和ＧＣｒ１５,并讨论注入温度对改性的影响。     

钢蜗轮副磨损过程的试验研究

为了选择合理的硬度配对来延长机械式履带调整器中钢蜗轮副的使用寿命,在SRV Ⅳ 微动磨损试验机上,设计了一种能实现硬度对钢蜗轮副磨损行为影响研究的试验方法。并利用该方法在无润滑,室温条件下考察了硬度对40CrNiMoA钢和18Cr2Ni4WA钢组成的钢蜗轮副磨损行为的影响。试验结果表明：随着蜗轮材料40CrNiMoA钢硬度的增加,40CrNiMoA钢的磨损体积减小,与之相对应的蜗杆材料18Cr2Ni4WA钢的磨损体积增大;在试验条件下,双方具有相近使用寿命的硬度配对出现在40CrNiMoA钢硬度为HRC43左右,可延长机械式履带调整器中钢蜗轮副的使用寿命。     

45~#钢微孔陶瓷化及其摩擦磨损性能研究

金属的软氮化是金属表面强化的一种化学热处理方法,通过加热试样到实验所需的温度时进行适当的保温,使氮离子、碳离子渗入到金属的表面。通过干滑动摩擦试验方法,对在不同渗氮温度和渗氮时间条件下45#钢进行摩擦磨损试验,得出了硬度变化曲线和摩擦系数变化曲线,对比分析了各种条件下的磨损量,并与未处理试样进行比较分析。结果表明,渗氮处理的45#钢比未处理的45#钢具有较强的硬度和耐磨性,而且随着渗氮时间的增加和渗氮温度的升高,45#钢的耐磨性和硬度都有所增加,摩擦系数则有所减小。     

Wear behavior of bainite ductile cast iron under impact load

The dry impact wear behavior of bainite ductile cast iron was evaluated under three different impact loads for 30000 cycles. The strain-hardening effects beneath the contact surfaces were analyzed according to the surfaces’ micro-hardness profiles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to observe the worn surfaces. The results indicated that the material with the highest hardness was the one continuously cooled at 20°C, which exhibited the lowest wear rate under each set of test conditions. The hardness of the worn surface and the thickness of the hardened layer increased with the increases in impact load and in the number of test cycles. The better wear performance of the sample cooled at 20°C is attributed to its finer microstructure and superior mechanical properties. All the samples underwent the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) phenomenon after impact wear, as revealed by the fact that small amounts of retained austenite were detected by XRD.     

高速钢表面涂层的工艺与性能

运用空心阴极离子镀设备在高速钢表面以不同的工艺沉积了(Ti,Al)N涂层,并对该涂层的硬度、结合力、耐磨性、抗氧化性以及切削寿命进行了试验,获得了本试验条件下最佳工艺参数。     

碳钢WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层的组织及性能研究

采用AC-HVAF热喷涂设备,在碳钢表面喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层。用电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析仪、金相显微镜和磨损实验研究了涂层的均匀性、硬度、显微组织、化学成分、结合区形貌和相对耐磨性。结果表明:涂层厚度均匀、组织致密、硬度可达1200HV200;涂层与碳钢结合良好,没有孔洞,界面相容性良好;涂层试样的耐磨性比 45钢的耐磨性优良。     

硬度对钢蜗轮副用材料磨损行为的影响

为了探讨硬度对钢蜗轮副材料磨损行为的影响,为研究钢蜗轮副合理的硬度配对提供试验依据。通过不同的热处理工艺,使12Cr2Ni4低碳合金钢获得了5种不同硬度的试样,然后在无润滑,室温条件下,在SRVⅣ微动磨损试验机上考察了硬度对12Cr2Ni4钢-18Cr2Ni4WA钢摩擦副磨损行为的影响。结果表明：试验条件下,随着12Cr2Ni4钢硬度的增加,12Cr2Ni4钢的磨损体积减小,其偶件18Cr2Ni4WA钢的磨损体积增大,当12Cr2Ni4钢硬度位于HRC39-HRCAl之间时,摩擦副双方的磨损量相等;12Cr2Ni4钢的相对耐磨性和摩擦系数都随12Cr2Ni4钢硬度的增加而增大,最大的相对耐磨性和摩擦系数的最大值均约为0．9。     

新型Si-Mn贝氏体钢的组织结构和性能

对新型Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ贝氏体钢的组织和性能进行了研究，试验结果表明，在铸态 缓冷以及锻后空冷条例下均可得到贝氏体组织，具有较高的综合力学性能及耐磨性。     

马氏体钢力学性能和耐磨性的关系

对自行研制的新型马氏体耐磨钢20Si2Ni3进行了Q-P-T(淬火-分配-回火)及传统淬火-回火(Q-T)热处理,用MLD-10型动载磨料磨损实验机比较在1.5J冲击能量、石英砂磨料条件下,20Si2Ni3钢和高锰钢ZGMn13的冲击磨料磨损性能,并用X射线测量磨损实验前后20Si2Ni3钢残余奥氏体量的变化,用扫描电镜(SEM)分析磨损机理。结果表明:经两种热处理工艺后的20Si2Ni3钢,其冲击磨料磨损性能均优于高锰钢。相比传统Q-T热处理工艺,经Q-P-T热处理后的20Si2Ni3钢,在保持较高硬度的同时,冲击韧性得到了较大提高;不同热处理工艺后,在硬度均约HRC45.5时,20Si2Ni3钢的冲击磨料磨损性能随着冲击韧性的增加而提高,磨损机理以显微犁削为主。     

Microstructure and wear resistance of PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating

A wear resistant Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of the hardening and tempering C degree steel by PTA (plasma transferred arc) cladding with (wt%) Fe-25Cr-7C elemental powder blends. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by OM, SEM, XRD and EDS. Wear resistance of the coating was tested under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the PTA clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of Cr7C3 primary particles uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe matrix and is metallurgically bonded to the C degree steel substrate. The PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test conditions. The excellent wear resistance of the Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating is attributed to the coating's high hardness, strong covalent atomic bonding and refined microstructure.     

35CrMo钢无缝钢管成型顶头的失效研究

文章对失效后的35CrMo钢穿孔无缝钢管顶头的显微组织和硬度变化进行了研究。结果表明:顶头头部轴向截面的组织分层分布,且各层硬度不同;顶头中部组织较为粗大,魏氏组织特征明显;由表面氧化磨损、接触疲劳及热疲劳引起的裂纹粗大且向内部延伸;顶头尾部表面脱碳现象严重,内部硬度变化不大。     

低碳高速钢渗碳

比较了低碳高速钢浅层渗碳经常规热处理后（１１７０℃和１０５０℃）的组织、硬度和耐磨性，讨论了不均匀奥氏体渗碳的扩散特点．生产应用表明，浅层渗碳明显提高了热磨损为主要失效模式的热度锻的使用寿命．     

用Mo＋C和W＋C双离子注入H13钢制备表面优化复合层的研究

首次给出了Ｍｏ＋Ｃ和Ｗ＋Ｃ双离子注入Ｈ１３钢合成优化表面层机理的研究结果，包括表面薄碳膜和弥散硬化层的形成。电镜中观察到这些离子注入时晶粒细化和密集位错的出现，同时在晶界间析出相以ＭｏＣ为主，在晶界内析出相则以Ｆｅ２ＭｏＣ和ＭｏＣ为主；这将使晶界强化和位错强化效果增强。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，注入层中出现了弥散的ＦＥ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ５Ｃ２，ＦｅＭｏ，Ｆｅ３Ｍ０２，ＭｏＣ，ＭｏＣｘ，Ｍｏ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ２ｗ，Ｆｅ７Ｗ６，ＷＣ和Ｗ２Ｃ相。由于这些弥散相的存在使注入层硬度和抗磨损效果均有明显的提高。首次用俄歇分析观察到表面有一层碳膜存在，这将引起表面的自润滑效果。     

工艺因素对高碳低合金钢组织与性能的影响

研究了不同生产工艺对高碳低合金钢磨球组织和性能的影响,结果表明:采用锻热等温淬火工艺生产的高碳低合金钢磨球,具有较为细小时下贝氏体组织和良好的综合机械性能.     

Experimental and numerical study on plasma nitriding of AISI P20 mold steel

In this study, plasma nitriding was used to fabricate a hard protective layer on AISI P20 steel, at three process temperatures (450°C, 500°C, and 550°C) and over a range of time periods (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 h), and at a fixed gas N₂:H₂ ratio of 75vol%:25vol%. The morphology of samples was studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the formed phase of each sample was determined by X-ray diffraction. The elemental depth profile was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and glow dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness profile of the samples was identified, and the microhardness profile from the surface to the sample center was recorded. The results show that ε-nitride is the dominant species after carrying out plasma nitriding in all strategies and that the plasma nitriding process improves the hardness up to more than three times. It is found that as the time and temperature of the process increase, the hardness and hardness depth of the diffusion zone considerably increase. Furthermore, artificial neural networks were used to predict the effects of operational parameters on the mechanical properties of plastic mold steel. The plasma temperature, running time of imposition, and target distance to the sample surface were all used as network inputs; Vickers hardness measurements were given as the output of the model. The model accurately reproduced the experimental outcomes under different operational conditions; therefore, it can be used in the effective simulation of the plasma nitriding process in AISI P20 steel.     

低温盐浴渗氮对Custom 465钢耐蚀及耐磨性的影响

为了提高Custom 465马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的耐磨性,分别在440、480和520℃对580℃时效后的样品进行了2 h的盐浴渗氮,使用显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站、球盘式摩擦磨损仪、表面轮廓仪、扫描电镜等设备,研究渗氮温度对Custom 465钢表面物相、硬度、渗层显微形貌、耐蚀性及耐磨性的影响. 随着渗氮温度升高,耐蚀性逐渐降低,但表面硬度增加,520℃处理后表面硬度增大到1240 HV,较未处理试样的400 HV明显上升,渗层厚度达到22μm. 440℃渗氮后表面物相为氮在马氏体基体中过饱和的α'N ,点蚀电位降低约60 mV;480℃时有少量CrN相析出,引起点蚀电位降低约180 mV,同时磨损体积下降约43%;520℃时CrN相的含量明显升高,自腐蚀电位降低约70 mV,无明显的稳态钝化区,磨损体积降低82%,减磨效果明显.     

Study on Technology and Properties of Brush Plating Coatings

A new brush plating process with a soluble anode of nickel was introduced. TDY112 brush plating solution was used on the No. 20 carbon steel substrate. It has the higher deposit velocity, better properties and lower cost. Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), optical microscope, microhardness testand wear test were adopted to detect the surface quality and the properties of the coating, such has micrograph, microstructure, micro-hardness wear resistance and adherence between the coating and the substrate. The experimental results showed that the suitable technological parameters to be used, the coatings had better the surface quality, higher hardness and wear resistance.     

中碳Si-Mn奥氏体一贝氏体耐磨钢的研究

试验研制了以硅、锰为主的中碳Si－Mn奥氏体一贝氏体钢,可在铸态、正火和缓冷以及锻后空冷条件下均可获得贝氏体组织,且具有高硬度和良好的韧性,其冲击磨损性优于高锰钢．     

氮化硅陶瓷-金属摩擦副摩擦学性能研究

用环块磨损试验机，在石蜡基础油及石蜡基础油加０．５％ＺＤＤＰ添加剂的润 滑条件下，对Ｓｉ３ｎＮ４陶瓷－金属摩擦副进行了磨擦磨损试验。用 Ｘ射线光电子能谱 （ＸＰＳ），俄歇电子光谱（ＡＥＳ）和Ｘ射线能谱分析（ＥＤＡＸ）等表面分析技术对摩 擦表面进行了分析，结果表明Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷－金属摩擦副具有优异的摩擦学特性；在基础 油中加入 ＺＤＤＰ添加剂作为润滑剂后，对增加磨损抗力有明显的效果。这一现象是与 在摩擦表面上形成含Ｓ，Ｐ和Ｚｎ的表面反应膜有关。