大气颗粒物浓度自动监测仪器的研制及性能比对测试

颗粒物污染已成为我国的首要大气污染物,颗粒物污染的来源复杂、危害较大,简要介绍了目前国内外颗粒物监测方法和仪器设备的研究情况,以及所研制的、基于滤膜 称重法的、可同时测量PM₁₀和PM_2.5的DJ3-1型六工位自循环式大气颗粒物浓度自动监测仪。利用具有无限远光学系统的微分干涉相衬显微技术对该系统所采集到的颗粒物进行了显微观察,得到粗颗粒和细颗粒的粒径分布,与Andersen公司240型双通道采样器的切割性能十分 接近。与国内外部分监测仪器进行了同步的颗粒物质量浓度监测的比对测试,结果表明其性能已基本达到国外同类监测仪器的水平。     

环境空气可吸入颗粒物PM10连续自动监测仪TEOM微量震荡天平法与Beta射线法测定中相关问题的分析与探讨

本文针对可吸入颗粒物PM10连续自动监测仪器所采用TEOM微量震荡天平和Beta射线这两种测量方法在环境空气中颗粒物浓度测量的应用,首先就环境空气自动监测的概念,自动监测的发展及技术特点等方面进行了介绍,特别是在环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度的自动监测上做了分析与说明,详细阐述了可吸入颗粒物PM10连续自动监测仪器的工作原理和监测方法。同时,结合可吸入颗粒物PM10连续自动监测仪对环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度的两种测量方法也进行了详细的论述。     

基于无线传感网络的大气环境pm2.5污染状况实时监测

大气环境中以PM2.5污染问题最为突出。由于无线传威网络的迅速发展为大气环境的实时监测提供了便利条件,于是提出对PM2.5污染状况进行监测。首先,以大气光谱吸收原理为基础,将谐波检测技术与双光路差分法结合后对气体中的PM2.5颗粒浓度物进行检测。由于气体中颗粒物对光谱吸收受波长影响,通过利用激光器的调频特性对发射光源进行调整,获取的输出光信号与调制频率相关,从而得到谐波分量信号中的大气PM2.5颗粒物浓度。其次,运用无线传感网的网络路由器将信号传输到监测终端,并利用人工鱼群理论对目标区域的网络覆盖率、未休眠节点及系统能耗等进行优化,达到有效采集PM2.5浓度信号以完成污染状况监测的目的。实验证明通过对大气环境PM2.5污染状况的有效监测为雾霾治理提供了数据支持。     

天津蓟县夏季PM_(2.5)污染特征及影响因素

为探究天津蓟县大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染特征及气象因素对它的影响,搜集了2013年蓟县PM2.5质量浓度变化资料,对PM2.5污染情况进行了详细分析;并针对夏季典型天气,对PM2.5质量浓度进行监测,结合同步气象数据,运用线性回归及相关性分析方法研究PM2.5质量浓度与气象因素关系.结果表明:蓟县PM2.5质量浓度呈现明显冬高夏低特征,夏季污染超标率达45%,其日变化呈明显双峰型;PM2.5质量浓度受温度、相对湿度、风速、风向、降雨影响显著,与气压无显著关系,能见度随PM2.5质量浓度增大呈现e指数衰减规律.研究结果可为当前的京津冀区域大气污染协同防控提供一定的科学参考.     

乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物污染特征及防治对策建议

近年来随着乌鲁木齐市"煤改气"工程的实施,大气污染类型已由煤烟型污染向复合型污染转变。基于2013年、2014年环境空气中SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5、CO、O3六项污染物浓度的变化情况,分析阐述了乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物的年度变化特征。建筑扬尘、机动车尾气、燃煤是乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物的主要来源,该文就这几大来源提出了颗粒物污染防治对策建议。     

兰州市冬季大气颗粒物的污染特征分析

利用兰州市冬季大气颗粒物Anderson分级采样器和石英分级采样器的资料,采用改进的三次样条插值方法分离出PM2.5,研究兰州市PM2.5PM10的污染水平、PM2.5占PM10和TSP的比例,并比较兰州市PM2.5和PM10在国内的污染水平.结果表明:兰州市冬季PM2.5和PM10的污染严重,PM2.5在大气颗粒物中的质量浓度相对很高,PM2.5的污染和危害值得重视.     

利用激光雷达和卫星遥感获得城市地面大气悬浮颗粒物浓度分布

使用香港元朗地区2008年MODIS卫星遥感的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品、激光雷达气溶胶消光系数垂直分布、地面相对湿度和地面气溶胶浓度观测资料等数据,通过激光雷达数据建立地面消光系数和激光雷达AOD与气溶胶标高的关系,利用这一关系和卫星AOD进行地面消光系数的反演估计,并进行湿度订正;通过建立地面气溶胶浓度和地面消光系数的关系,进行卫星AOD产品和激光雷达气溶胶探测反演地面大气颗粒物质量浓度的研究及应用。结果表明,卫星估计的地面消光系数与小时平均的颗粒物质量浓度观测值的相关系数为0.57~0.86(PM2.5)和0.59~0.78(PM10),估计的质量浓度与小时平均的观测值对比的均方根偏差分别为11.64~25.34μg/m3(PM2.5)和24.64~91.64μg/m3(PM10),表明可以通过卫星遥感进行大气悬浮颗粒物污染的监测应用。其中1 km分辨率的AOD产品,因其更高的空间分辨率,更适合反映具有复杂地形的城市地区大气悬浮颗粒物污染。     

利用激光雷达和卫星遥感获得城市地面大气悬浮颗粒物浓度分布

使用香港元朗地区2008年MODIS卫星遥感的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品、激光雷达气溶胶消光系数垂直分布、地面相对湿度和地面气溶胶浓度观测资料等数据, 通过激光雷达数据建立地面消光系数和激光雷达AOD与气溶胶标高的关系, 利用这一关系和卫星AOD进行地面消光系数的反演估计, 并进行湿度订正; 通过建立地面气溶胶浓度和地面消光系数的关系, 进行卫星AOD产品和激光雷达气溶胶探测反演地面大气颗粒物质量浓度的研究及应用。结果表明, 卫星估计的地面消光系数与小时平均的颗粒物质量浓度观测值的相关系数为0.57~0.86 (PM2.5)和0.59~0.78 (PM10), 估计的质量浓度与小时平均的观测值对比的均方根偏差分别为11.64~25.34 g/m³ (PM2.5)和24.64~91.64 g/m³ (PM10), 表明可以通过卫星遥感进行大气悬浮颗粒物污染的监测应用。其中1 km分辨率的AOD产品, 因其更高的空间分辨率, 更适合反映具有复杂地形的城市地区大气悬浮颗粒物污染。     

一种大气可吸入颗粒物检测与预警系统的研究

提出一种基于激光散射法的大气可吸入颗粒物检测与预警系统,该系统可用于PM2.5以下超细颗粒物的检测,能精确监测到PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0颗粒的具体数值.同时,由于系统中引入了可调谐激光技术,使其抗温湿度干扰能力得到有效提高.该系统具有实时预警功能,当环境中颗粒物浓度超标时,系统通过GPRS模块将报警信息发送给环境监测人员,使监测人员可以实时了解环境状况,并对突发颗粒物污染做出及时应对.     

微量振荡天平法确定激光粉尘仪大气颗粒物转换系数

本研究确定了某激光粉尘仪测试上海市环境大气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)的质量浓度转换系数K值。利用激光粉尘仪和TEOM RP 1400a型监测仪,同时对选定的环境监测站同一监测点的环境大气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)进行了测定,得出了该激光粉尘仪测试上海市环境大气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)的质量浓度转换系数K值呈基本正态分布,分别为0.00594和0.00158。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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