轧制态5083铝合金的超塑性

为获得轧制态5083铝合金超塑性变形行为的工艺参数,对超塑性变形行为及其原理进行了研究。结果表明：在300℃条件下,当应变速率为1.67×10^-4s^-1时,材料的伸长率最高,达到126.1%。在此条件下轧制态5083铝合金呈现良好的超塑性,材料在超塑性变形过程中表现出明显的应变软化现象,伴随有锯齿形流变现象;断裂形式为韧性断裂,断口形貌由韧窝和撕裂棱组成。该结果为轧制态5083铝合金的工业化生产提供了数据参考。     

下扎深度对回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头断裂行为的影响

为研究焊接工艺参数对回填式搅拌摩擦点焊(RFSSW)接头断裂行为的影响,以铝合金为例,通过改变焊接过程中套筒的下扎深度对上下板厚度不同的LY12铝合金进行RFSSW试验,从材料流动、原子扩散及接头软化等方面对其接头的断裂机理进行分析,并利用焊点的宏观形貌、显微组织和硬度进行验证。试验及分析结果表明:在RFSSW过程中,当套筒未扎透上板、hook缺陷较平且韧带在整个焊点厚度基本相同时,裂纹主要沿连接强度较弱的搭接面扩展,形成剪切断裂模式;当套筒下扎至下板厚度的15%、hook缺陷向上弯曲且套筒回抽路径产生裂纹缺陷时,裂纹更倾向于沿着原子扩散时间较短的套筒回抽路径扩展,形成剪切塞型断裂模式;随着套筒进一步下扎至下板厚的35%且hook缺陷向下弯曲,裂纹更容易沿着下板中的套筒回抽路径向下扩展;当裂纹扩展到下板的下表面时,形成塞型断裂模式,断口形貌与断裂机理的分析结果相吻合。     

铝型材防撞梁的碰撞断裂失效表征

作为汽车轻量化的重要材料,铝合金的脆性断裂问题不可忽视。该文以某汽车铝型材防撞梁为研究对象,开展了铝合金静态和动态拉伸、静态剪切、静态缺口、静态拉剪以及穿孔等力学性能试验,获取了铝合金材料在不同应变率下拉伸应力状态的力学特性,以及准静态拉压剪等不同应力状态下的力学属性数据,使用Swift-Hockett-Sherby本构描述铝合金材料应变硬化特性,基于LS-DYNA有限元法模拟对标拉压剪等不同应力状态试验,获得不同应力状态试验的失效单元的应力三轴度和Lode角信息,标定了铝合金材料的修正的Mohr-Coulomb(MMC)断裂准则。通过铝型材动态三点弯结构试验和模拟,验证了MMC断裂模型对于表征铝合金材料在不同应力状态下断裂失效的有效性。     

铝合金材料LY12CZ临界空穴扩张比的适用性探讨

对光滑试样和3种不同曲率半径的切口试样，采用拉伸试验和电镜观测相结合的方法，研究了铝合金材料LY12CZ的VGC参数的适用性。证实VGC参数对材料的断裂形式较为敏感，适用于以拉伸型断裂为主的切口试样，对以剪切断裂为主的光滑拉伸试样不适用。     

几种合金钢断裂机理与宏观断裂方向的研究

通过研究几种合金钢在常规破坏试验和复合型断裂试验过程中的断裂现象,分析不同应力状态下的断裂试验结果,发现随应力三维度由大到小变化,材料的断裂形式依次为组织断裂、孔洞正断、孔洞剪断、塑性剪断及焊合。且发生孔洞剪断时,危险点位于应力场中应力三维度取极大值处;发生塑性剪断时,危险点位于应力场中等效应力取极大值处,断裂方向均为危险点处最大剪应力作用面方向。     

应力水平对2219铝合金腐蚀损伤力学性能的影响

为明确应力水平及暴露时间对2219铝合金腐蚀损伤力学性能的影响,选择在不同应力水平作用下暴露于EXCO腐蚀溶液中,经不同时间加速腐蚀后的2219铝合金试样,开展表面蚀坑深度测量、力学性能测试、拉伸断口形貌观察试验。结果表明,应力水平、暴露时间都是影响试样应力腐蚀损伤发展从而影响材料力学性能变化的重要因素。在腐蚀的初期阶段,即0.0~1.5 h,应力水平因素的影响有限;当暴露时间大于等于2.0 h,应力水平引起的以蚀坑平均深度为表征的腐蚀损伤更加显著。但在试验时间（2.5 h）内,应力水平对腐蚀损伤所产生的影响小于暴露时间,因而对材料力学性能变化的影响也小于暴露时间。腐蚀损伤造成的点蚀坑、微裂纹破坏了材料的连续性,使试样材料的抗拉强度、延伸率、弹性模量等力学性能指标下降,是促使材料在拉伸试验中没有经过充分的塑性变形阶段就发生瞬间断裂的重要原因。深度大的点蚀坑、微裂纹,可能成为断口主裂纹的起源。     

强激光冲击锻铝薄板的实验

进行了锻铝合金(LD31)薄板试样在短脉冲强激光冲击下的实验研究.结果表明:在强激光冲击下,试样发生显著的塑性变形,变形后轴截面形状为类圆锥形;试样塑性变形量随激光能量的增加而增加,随着试样的厚度增加而减小;在其他工艺参数相同的情况下,圆形试样比正方形试样更容易发生塑性变形;试样冲击变形区正反二面表面粗糙度值下降,表面光洁度得到明显提高;试样冲击区的硬度没有得到显著提高,这和冲击强化有着很大不同;当激光能量的增加或者试样厚度减薄到一定程度时,试样将发生层裂,从其断口的形貌来看,其断裂方式属于韧性断裂.     

韧性断裂机理的理论探讨与基于铝合金薄板韧性断裂准则的修正

对韧性材料的断裂机理进行理论研究.当裂纹尖端附近两个相邻的材料微单元体的破坏面共面或共线时,裂纹可以通过破坏面扩展并传递到相邻的单元;当两个单元体的破坏面与两单元体中心线成一定角度时,两单元体之间将产生相对滑动或旋转,使得两破坏面之间重新共面或共线,从而使得裂纹可以扩展,形成一个连续的裂纹开裂面.基于铝合金6063薄板修正韧性材料的断裂准则,并用简单的平面应力状态下的平板拉伸试验和平面应变状态下的缺口拉伸试验,结合有限元ABAQUS计算求得韧性断裂准则中的材料常数.     

两种不同模式下的沥青混合料断裂过程研究

为了深入研究沥青混合料在Ⅰ型和Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型模式下的断裂特性与机理,采用了扩展有限元方法对单边切口梁的断裂过程进行了数值模拟和分析.通过与试验数据的对比发现,扩展有限元方法可以有效地计算不同模式下裂缝扩展的路径以及断裂过程中的力学响应.进一步分析表明:小梁的断裂过程可以分为4个阶段;当加载点的荷载达到峰值时,小梁已经处于损伤累积阶段,荷载开始下降后,裂缝才逐渐形成;断裂过程可以理解为损伤带内拉应力下降、未损伤带内拉应力上升或者上升后再下降的过程,且损伤带长度不断增加;Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂的临界偏移系数为0.45~0.51,与试验结果基本一致;当偏移系数为0.45时,跨中局部区域在加载过程中出现了"卸载"现象,导致损伤不再增加,抑制了次裂纹的产生.     

铝合金宏观断裂准则

为研究铝合金抗断设防，借鉴金属静水应力型屈服概念，给出了铝合金广义屈服椭球面的新诠释．基于三向等拉伸应力状态下铝合金屈服和断裂的重合性假设，导出了铝合金在三轴应力空间的椭球面断裂准则及参数量化方法，并给出了铝合金抗断设防图及广义屈服椭球面的物理解释．该断裂准则使铝合金在三轴应力空间的屈服和断裂两种破坏模式得到了统一，具有物理概念清晰、形式简单、便于工程应用的特点．铝合金开孔板断裂试验的数值模拟结果显示，该断裂准则具有较高的精度．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that