用mRNA差异显示技术分离盐胁迫下小麦耐盐相关cDNA

目的用mRNA差异显示技术分离小麦盐胁迫应答cDNA,为进一步研究小麦耐盐机理奠定基础。方法将小麦(Triticum aesticum L.)耐盐品系宝丰7228r种子分别置于含NaC l 0‰和12‰的Hoagland培养液中生长,7d后分别取叶片,提取总RNA并分离出其中的mRNA,通过锚锭引物O ligo dT10GC反转录和9个10核苷酸随机引物进行PCR扩增。结果DDRT-PCR结果显示,有4个差异DNA片段只在盐胁迫的小麦耐盐品系基因组中表达,而在对照中没有出现。这4个差异cDNA片段分别命名为ts01(260 bp),ts02(330 bp),ts03(420 bp),ts04(600 bp)。4个差异cD-NA片段的RNA杂交结果显示,只有ts04存在明显差异,在盐胁迫条件下有杂交斑点而在对照中没有杂交斑点,其余3个cDNA片段在盐胁迫和对照中都没有杂交斑点。进一步将ts04克隆并进行DNA序列测定及同源性分析。结论ts04可能是耐盐相关cDNA片段,该片段核酸序列与麦属抗性相关的肌动蛋白基因有23%同源。     

缺铁诱导的水稻根转录本组和蛋白质组分析与膜泡运输

为了解水稻受缺铁胁迫后根细胞整体水平mRNA和蛋白质的变化规律,对缺铁和加铁的水稻根分别进行了转录本组的微点阵分析和翻译水平的蛋白质组双向电泳与基质辅助的激光解析时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF)分析.在10531个点的水稻cDNA芯片图谱上,比较缺铁与加铁之间的相对表达水平(REL),发现了451个差异cDNA点,其中在2.0～9.175之间的缺铁诱导上调基因为203个,在0.075～0.49之间缺铁诱导的下调基因为248个.在水稻根可溶性蛋白双向电泳(IEF-SDS-PAGE)结果中,得到多达约1500个点的蛋白质图谱.比较缺铁与EDTA螯合二价铁培养的水稻根可溶性蛋白质图谱,发现了23个差异蛋白质,其中缺铁诱导加强的有4个,减弱的有2个,特异的有7个.从缺铁处理的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上选取差异蛋白质,用胰蛋白酶进行水解.继而进行了MALDI-TOF检测 ,获得9个蛋白质的肽质量指纹谱的检索数据和分析结果.最后对缺铁诱导的膜泡运输和能量代谢相关的基因做了详尽的分析.     

铁胁迫诱导黄瓜根系分泌核黄素

铁胁迫促进水培黄瓜苗(津研2号)根系分泌出黄色物质,经定性鉴定证明是核黄素,它作为一种还原剂提高植物根系的还原水平。缺铁处理20天后,黄瓜苗(三叶一心期)根系分泌到培养液中的核黄素的累积量达每升170ug。铁胁迫下培养液中核黄素的累积速度表现出一定的周期性,这种周期性与铁胁迫下黄瓜根尖形态结构的周期性变化相吻合。     

4种植物缺铁条件下对土壤镉的积累特征

通过盆栽试验研究缺铁条件下对重金属Cd(Ⅱ)的吸收与积累,选择龙葵,西红柿,玉米和小麦为试验材料.主要考察了缺铁条件下4种植物对Cd(Ⅱ)的积累、重金属Cd(Ⅱ)的富集系数和转移系数的变化.实验结果表明:缺铁处理的4种植物生物量低于相应的加铁处理,富集的Cd(Ⅱ)高于相应的加铁处理,转移系数与富集系数高于加铁处理.其原因主要是由于缺铁条件下根系环境产生的变化,有助于植物对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸收.     

锌对铁胁迫下小麦幼苗脯氨酸代谢的影响

以西旱3号小麦幼苗为供试材料,研究了不同浓度ZnCl2(50,250μmol·L-1及2 mmol·L-1)对300μmol·L-1FeCl3胁迫下小麦幼苗脯氨酸含量以及脯氨酸代谢途径关键酶活性的影响.结果发现:单独Fe处理下小麦根、叶脯氨酸含量与鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)活性显著升高,而脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)与谷氨酸激酶(GK)活性均降低;不同浓度Zn的使用减少了Fe处理下小麦根叶脯氨酸积累、降低了OAT和GK活性;50或250μmol·L-1 Zn与Fe复合处理下根、叶PDH活性与单独Fe处理相比升高,而2mmol·L-1 Zn与Fe复合处理抑制了叶PDH活性.结果表明,Fe处理诱导小麦根叶脯氨酸含量的升高与OAT活性的升高及PDH活性的降低有关;Zn的使用减少了Fe胁迫下小麦根叶中脯氨酸的积累,这可能与Zn与Fe复合处理下OAT活性的降低及PDH活性的升高有关.     

利用大麦寡核苷酸芯片进行小麦苗期叶片热胁迫基因表达谱分析

植物感受热胁迫时基因表达发生变化，而这些差异表达的基因对植物耐热性起着至关重要的作用.为揭示小麦热胁迫响应的分子机理，以38℃热胁迫的小麦幼苗为处理组(HS)，同期未经处理的小麦幼苗为对照组(CK)，分别提取叶片RNA与Affymetrix Barley1基因芯片杂交.杂交结果显示，在总共22840个探针中，对照组(CK)和热胁迫组(HS)共检测到8486个阳性探针，占总探针数的37.15%.利用半定量RT-PCR技术对11个差异表达基因的表达模式进行验证，发现10个基因与芯片的表达类型完全一致. 利用Gene Ontology的GO information对差异表达的基因进行了分类，表明差异表达的基因涉及逆境胁迫、信号转导、物质运输、光合作用、蛋白代谢、脂肪代谢、碳水化合物代谢等多个方面.其中有大量热激蛋白和分子伴侣相关基因上调表达.上调表达的热激蛋白包含热激蛋白各个家族，且上调表达的平均倍数明显高于其他基因的上调倍数.另外泛素—蛋白酶体通路中的多个关键酶的基因也发生了差异表达，预示着负责蛋白质选择性降解的泛素—蛋白酶体通路也参与了植物对热胁迫的应答机制.     

铁或铜胁迫下小麦幼苗根抗氧化体系的响应

为揭示小麦幼苗在Fe或Cu胁迫下的抗氧化反应机制,以宁春4号小麦为材料,比较了不同浓度(0,100,300,500μmol/L)Fe Cl3或Cu Cl2处理下幼苗根羟自由基(·OH)含量、抗氧化酶活性和多胺降解酶活性的变化.结果显示:Fe或Cu处理诱导小麦根·OH含量升高,且高浓度Cu处理下样品·OH含量高于相同浓度Fe处理的样品的.Fe或Cu处理对各种抗氧化酶活性有不同的影响:Fe诱导超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,而Cu抑制该酶活性;Fe处理不影响过氧化物酶活性,而Cu诱导该酶活性升高;过氧化氢酶活性在Fe或Cu处理下均受到明显的抑制;Fe或Cu处理抑制谷胱甘肽还原酶活性;300,500μmol/L的Fe和100,300μmol/L的Cu诱导抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性的升高.此外,不同浓度的Fe或Cu对多胺氧化酶(PAO)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和细胞壁过氧化物酶(cw-POD)活性均有明显的抑制作用.结果表明:Fe或Cu胁迫诱导对小麦根不同抗氧化酶产生不同的影响,最终导致小麦根·OH积累;PAO,DAO和cw-POD可能不参与Fe或Cu胁迫诱导的ROS积累.     

小麦果聚糖合成酶基因6-SFT克隆和功能验证

许多研究表明植物中果聚糖累积有助于提高植物耐逆境胁迫能力,但对小麦中果聚糖合成相关基因及其与抗逆性关系还缺乏研究。本研究拟从普通六倍体小麦中克隆出果聚糖合成酶基因6-SFT并进行生物学特性及功能研究,以期解析小麦通过累积果聚糖途径提高自身抗逆境胁迫能力的分子机理,为转6-SFT基因提高小麦抗逆境胁迫能力提供理论依据。利用touch-down PCR技术从小麦品种杨麦6（Triticum aestivum cv. Yangmai 6）基因组及cDNA中分离出编码6-SFT基因的全长序列,运用生物学信息技术对其编码蛋白的相关理化及生物学功能进行了预测,同时利用农杆菌介导法将所克隆的小麦6-SFT基因转入了烟草,对转基因烟草植株进行了抗旱、抗盐和抗低温鉴定。结果表明,小麦中6-SFT基因的gDNA和cDNA长度分别为3134bp和1851bp,序列结构分析表明该基因含有4个外显子、3个内含子,编码产物为约68kD的蛋白质,其等电点（pI）约为5.25,具有液泡定位信号;转小麦6-SFT基因烟草植株表现出较强的抗旱、抗盐和抗低温能力。本研究为利用基因工程技术改良小麦抗逆性提供重要理论依据。     

铁胁迫对小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光与光合特性的影响

以小麦西旱3号为实验材料,分析了不同浓度(0、100、300和500 μmol/L)铁处理对幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光和光合生理特性的影响.结果显示,小麦幼苗叶片随c(Fe)增大, w(叶绿素a)和w(总叶绿素)及叶绿素a/叶绿素b呈先升高后降低的变化趋势, w(类胡萝卜素)、潜在最大光量子产量、光适应下最大光量子产量、实际光量子产量、光系统Ⅱ潜在活性、光化学淬灭、电子传递速率、光系统Ⅱ潜在电子传递速率等参数均减小,而非光化学淬灭和调节性能量耗散的量子产量显著升高,小麦幼苗叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及水分利用率随胁迫浓度的升高均不同程度的降低.铁胁迫抑制了小麦幼苗的正常生长,导致叶和根生物量下降.总之,铁胁迫诱导小麦幼苗叶片光合色素减少,减弱了对光能的捕获和传递,并使光系统Ⅱ反应中心受到损伤,致使激发能捕获效率、电子传递效率及光合效率降低,而抑制了小麦幼苗的生长发育,导致生物量减少.     

不同铁肥对缺铁桃树土壤酶活性与细菌群落结构的影响

通过分析施用四种铁肥的缺铁桃树土壤有效铁、土壤酶活性、细菌群落结构及叶片活性铁差异,结果表明不同铁肥对石灰性土壤中缺铁黄化桃树的矫正效果依次表现为EDDHA·FeNutriagentFeSO_4FeCl_3CK,且导致土壤有效铁、叶片活性铁、土壤转化酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性及细菌群落结构发生较大变化;EDDHA·Fe、Nutriagent和Fe_SO_4明显提高土壤中细菌的多样性和丰度,而叶片活性铁含量与土壤有效铁、转化酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性有极显著相关性,但与细菌群落均匀度呈不显著的负相关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with