Cu-P-RE耐候钢的耐蚀性能

通过干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验研究了不同稀土含量的耐候钢和对比普碳钢的腐蚀行为及其耐蚀性能.采用失重法测得了各试样的腐蚀率;结果发现,稀土耐候钢的腐蚀率远远低于普碳钢的,不同稀土含量的耐候钢的耐腐蚀性不尽相同.采用电化学交流阻抗技术对带锈钢样的表面锈层结构及电化学反应过程进行了研究,提出在本实验条件下钢电化学腐蚀的等效电路模型,计算出锈层电阻、极化阻抗等表征锈层性能的电化学元件参数值.稀土耐候钢锈层中存在半无限扩散和有限厚度扩散两种过程,有限厚度扩散极化阻抗反映了耐候钢内锈层的保护性能.     

Mn-Cu耐候钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为

利用干湿交替加速腐蚀实验和电化学实验研究了实验钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀演化行为.结果表明,在腐蚀初期腐蚀速度随循环周期的增加而增大,在后期随循环周期的增加而降低,耐候钢的腐蚀速度与SPA-H钢相当但低于16Mn钢.在腐蚀初期,细晶粒耐候钢比粗晶粒腐蚀速度快,在后期腐蚀速度基本一致.耐候钢锈层分为内外两层,内锈层致密主要由α-FeOOH和少量γ-Fe2O3组成,晶粒尺寸对腐蚀产物的组成影响不大.16Mn钢锈层主要由α-FeOOH,γ-Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成.在腐蚀后期,Cu的作用使耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于16Mn钢.电化学实验表明,腐蚀产物促进阴极过程,抑制阳极过程.细晶粒有利于保护性内锈...     

低合金耐候钢在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为

利用干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验对比研究了低合金钢A588和SPA--H在含氯离子环境下腐蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和电子探针等方法分析了Ni、Mn对于低合金钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:实验钢锈层中的物质主要由α--FeOOH、γ--FeOOH和Fe3O4组成,但其含量存在差异;Ni元素在内锈层含量高于外锈层,Mn元素在锈层的孔洞处富集;内锈层的致密程度高于外锈层;提高合金元素Mn和Ni的含量,可以提高内锈层的致密性,从而提高低合金钢的耐蚀性能.     

耐候钢耐蚀性能的评定

采用干湿浸渍实验获得耐候钢的防护性锈层.应用交流阻抗实验方法测试了所得的锈层,建立了等效电路分析数据.结果表明,交流阻抗方法可以有效地分析耐候钢内锈层的性质.干湿浸渍循环实验与交流阻抗方法相结合,可以快速、合理地评价耐候钢耐蚀性能.     

南海环境下含Nb和Sb耐候钢的大气腐蚀行为研究

随着我国海洋战略的不断推进，越来越多的耐候钢应用于海洋工程。然而，传统的耐候钢品种在热带海洋环境中面临着极大的腐蚀问题，通过微合金化提升耐候钢的耐蚀性能已经成为近年来的研究热点。本文旨在研究Nb和Sb微量元素添加对耐候钢在热带海洋环境中腐蚀行为的影响。本文制备了一系列含Nb和Sb的新型耐候钢，并结合现场暴露试验和腐蚀表征测试，详细阐明了这些新型耐候钢在南海真实环境中的大气腐蚀行为规律。研究结果表明，在钢中添加0.06wt% Nb和0.05wt% Sb能够一定程度上提升材料的耐蚀性，但Nb和Sb微量元素之间仍存在明显的差异。Nb元素的加入对常规耐候钢的表面锈层性质有一定的改善，但不能有效地抑制其电化学过程；而Sb元素的加入则能够同时从电化学性能和锈层性质两个方面提升材料耐蚀性。与仅仅添加0.06wt% Nb相比，0.05wt% Sb和0.06wt% Nb的复合添加能更好地优化锈层结构，促进更多的保护性α-FeOOH产物的形成，抵挡Cl-的扩散，减轻锈层下蚀坑底部的局部酸化现象。     

三种桥梁耐候钢在模拟海洋大气环境中的耐蚀性能比较

通过室内周期浸润加速腐蚀实验,结合腐蚀形貌观察、物相分析及电化学测试,对三种耐候桥梁钢Q355NHD、Q450NQR1、Q460q在模拟海洋大气环境(3.5%NaCl溶液)下的腐蚀行为进行对比研究。结果表明,三种耐候钢在实验周期内,腐蚀速率均呈先增大后减小的趋势。腐蚀前期,耐蚀性差异主要是由显微组织决定的,以铁素体和珠光体复相组织为主的Q355NHD、Q450NQR1钢腐蚀速率高于以粒状贝氏体为主的Q460q钢。腐蚀后期,微量合金元素在锈层中富集使其致密化,显著提高了三种钢的耐蚀性能。其中Q460q钢锈层最为致密,锈层保护因子α/γ*和电化学阻抗值|Z|最大,在该环境下表现出了最佳的耐蚀性能。     

冰冻/解冻对低合金耐候钢大气腐蚀的影响

采用事内、室内+冰冻和户外三种不同环境的曝晒实验,研究了冰冻/解冻循环对两种耐候钢初期大气腐蚀行为的影响.利用失重实验和电化学方法评价了实验钢的耐腐蚀性能,用扫描电镜观察了锈层形貌,用能谱分析仪分析了合金元素在锈层中的分布.结果表明:低温、低湿环境促进致密锈层的形成,而温度、湿-度较高的环境中形成的锈层致密度较低;冰冻/解冻循环导致非致密锈层内产生裂纹,其原因是疏松锈层中的孔洞中含有大量液态水,在液固相变时产生较大的应力,致使锈层开裂.致密锈层不含液态水,基本不受其影响.     

新型低合金钢Q415NH的腐蚀行为研究

 研究了新型低合金钢Q415NH在模拟南海大气环境下的腐蚀行为及耐蚀机理,为新型耐候钢的研制与开发提供思路,为合金元素Ni对金属耐蚀性的影响提供依据。实验通过0.1% NaHSO₃和1% NaCl混合溶液中的周浸腐蚀实验模拟南海大气环境,并检测不同腐蚀周期后的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌及腐蚀产物。研究表明,Q415NH在模拟南海大气环境下的耐蚀性优异,其耐蚀机理主要表现为:合金元素的添加改变了低合金钢的微观组织,形成大量细小弥散的贝氏体,影响金属的耐蚀性;由于合金元素的影响,Q415NH具有更高的腐蚀电位与锈层电阻,促进金属阳极氧化,提高金属耐蚀性;Q415NH的锈层更致密、细小、连续,并且具有阳离子选择性,从而阻挡腐蚀性阴离子的侵入,提高锈层的保护性和金属的耐蚀性。     

含钼耐候钢的腐蚀性能

通过显微组织观察、周浸加速腐蚀实验、锈层微观分析、锈层交流阻抗特征分析等方法,研究了合金元素钼含量对耐候钢腐蚀性能的影响.合金元素钼可以促进钢中贝氏体组织的形成,促使锈层更加致密,对钢基体具有更好的保护性,有利于提高钢的耐腐蚀性能.随着钢中钼含量的增加,实验钢锈层的腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度减小,锈层的阳极溶解反应受到明显阻碍,锈层具有更好的保护性.     

低碳钢在湿热工业海洋大气中的腐蚀特征

以0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl+0.01 mol·L-1 NaHSO3溶液为腐蚀介质,采用干/湿周浸加速腐蚀实验、腐蚀失重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,研究了湿热工业海洋大气中低碳钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:实验钢的腐蚀过程均遵循幂函数d=Atn分布规律,钢种不同,常系数A、n的值不同;腐蚀产物主要由非晶物质和少量Fe3 O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH晶体组成.所得锈层可分为主体锈层和界面疏松带两部分,由内至外锈层中Fe、O含量梯度变化很小.Cl-、SO2与水分的长期协同作用会导致内锈层结构变差,而添加稳定性或耐蚀性较高的元素可以改善锈层质量,进而增强钢材的耐腐蚀性能.     

Influence of chromium on the initial corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in the CO2-O2-H2S-SO2 wet-dry corrosion environment of cargo oil tankers

The influence of Cr on the initial corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels exposed to a CO2–O2–H2S–SO2wet–dry corrosion envi-ronment was investigated using weight-loss measurements, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate increases with increasing Cr content in samples subjected to corrosion for 21 d. However, the rust grain size decreases, its specific surface area increases, and it becomes more compact and denser with increasing Cr content, which indicates the enhanced protectivity of the rust. The results of charge transfer resistance (Rct) calculations indicate that higher Cr contents can accelerate the corrosion during the first 7 d and promote the formation of the enhanced protective inner rust after 14 d; the formed protective inner rust is responsible for the greater corrosion resistance during long-term exposure.     

碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

研究了不同碳含量和显微组织的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并与商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi进行了相应的比较.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察,轧后水冷钢的主体组织为板条状贝氏体,轧后空冷钢为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、M/A小岛和少量渗碳体(珠光体)的混合物.用干湿循环加速腐蚀实验对耐蚀性测定结果表明:低碳钢(0.03%C)和轧后水冷的较高碳含量钢(0.1%C)的耐蚀性均明显优于09CuPCrNi;低碳含量钢的组织类型对其耐蚀性影响不大;较高碳含量情况下,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢;轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,低碳含量钢的耐蚀性优于较高碳含量钢.用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的样品在腐蚀后期形成了致密的内锈层.     

Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet-dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area (SSA) of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O₂ into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O₂ and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.     

Influence of mill scale and rust layer on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel in simulated concrete pore solution

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence of mill scale and rust layer on the passivation capability and chloride-induced corrosion behaviors of conventional low-carbon (LC) steel and low-alloy (LA) steel in simulated concrete pore solution. The results show that mill scale exerts different influences on the corrosion resistance of both steels at various electrochemical stages. We propose that the high long-term corrosion resistance of LA steel is mainly achieved through the synergistic effect of a gradually formed compact, adherent and well-distributed Cr-enriched inner rust layer and the physical barrier protection effect of mill scale.     

一种耐海水腐蚀型超低碳贝氏体钢的研究

为了开发具有高强度、高韧性和耐海水腐蚀性的海洋工程用钢,考察了含磷超低碳贝氏体钢的组织、力学性能和耐海水腐蚀性.超低碳贝氏体钢中磷的质量分数提高至0.09%时能够产生较强的固溶强化作用,而对室温至-40℃范围内的低温冲击韧性影响不大,这归因于钢中C,B原子在原始奥氏体晶界通过竞争机制抑制了P的偏聚,减弱了P产生的冷脆性...     

304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.     

用于散热器的冷轧钢板耐蚀性

利用化学浸泡及电化学方法研究了４种钢制散热器材质在不同含氧量和氯离子浓度下的腐蚀速度及耐蚀性，并用Ｘ射线衍射对锈蚀物进行了结构分析。实验结果表明，钢材腐蚀速度主要取决于供热水系统中的溶氧量。在脱氧条件下则形成Ｆｅ３Ｏ４保护膜，此时氯离子将加速材料的腐蚀。腐蚀极化电阻则随残余应力的增加而下降。     

Effect of Ni on the corrosion resistance of bridge steel in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion resistance of weathering bridge steels containing conventional contents of Ni (0.20wt%, 0.42wt%, 1.50wt%) and a higher content of Ni (3.55wt%) in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated by corrosion depth loss, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that, with increasing Ni content, the mechanical properties of the bridge steel were markedly improved, the welding parameters were satisfactory at room temperature, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced. When the Ni content was low (≤ 0.42wt%), the crystallization process of the corrosion products was substantially promoted, enhancing the stability of the rust layer. When the Ni content was higher (~3.55wt%), the corrosion reaction of the steel quickly reached a balance, because the initial rapid corrosion induced the formation of a protective rust layer in the early stage. Simultaneously, NiO and NiFe₂O₄ were generated in large quantities; they not only formed a stable, compact, and continuous oxide protective layer, but also strongly inhibited the transformation process of the corrosion products. This inhibition reduced the structural changes in the rust layer, thereby enhancing the protection. However, when the Ni content ranged from 0.42wt% to 1.50wt%, the corrosion resistance of the bridge steel increased only slightly.     

304 L不锈钢焊缝在混凝土模拟孔隙液中的点蚀行为

采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、Mott-Schottky曲线等电化学方法研究了以308 L为焊丝的304 L不锈钢焊接接头在不同氯离子含量的混凝土模拟孔隙液中腐蚀行为和电化学规律。随Cl-增加,304 L不锈钢焊接接头的三个区域(母材、焊缝和热影响区)在混凝土模拟孔隙液中的自腐蚀电位、点蚀电位及电荷转移电阻降低,钝化膜中载流子密度和焊接接头的点蚀坑数量增加。在同浓度的腐蚀溶液中,308 L的焊缝区域耐蚀性最佳,热影响区次之,304 L基体表现出低的电荷转移电阻和高的掺杂浓度使得母材的耐蚀性最差。