SnO2纳米粉体制备条件的优化选择

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SnO2纳米粉体,研究盐溶液起始反应浓度、反应温度、洗涤方式、焙烧温度等因素对SnO2纳米粉体性能的影响,并运用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA、UV-Vis等方法对SnO2纳米颗粒晶粒尺寸、表面形貌以及光学性能进行表征。结果表明,在盐溶液反应浓度为0.2mol/L、反应温度为70℃的条件下,采用混合洗涤沉淀法制备SnO2前驱体,其湿凝胶表面颗粒分散较为均匀;将SnO2前驱体于500℃温度下焙烧,可制得光学性能较好、平均晶粒尺寸约为30nm的SnO2粉体。     

聚乙二醇对羟基磷灰石作用的研究

为了解决沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石的团聚问题,本实验在胶体烘干前加入适量的分散剂聚乙二醇(PEG),通过TEM,XRD检测羟基磷灰石粉体,结果表明:当加入PEG为n(HAP):n(PEG)=10:2,PEG浓度为2%时羟基磷灰石经70℃烘干,600℃煅烧后粉末粒子为柱状,团聚体少,长约40nm,宽约20nm.     

钛酸钡纳米粉体的制备与X射线衍射分析

采用溶胶—凝胶法,以醋酸钡和钛酸丁酯为原料,冰醋酸为催化剂,制备了BaTiO3干凝胶,干凝胶在700℃以上温度焙烧,得到单一物相的BaTiO3纳米粉体.用X射线粉末衍射仪对粉体的晶态进行了表征,计算了BaTiO3粉体的晶格常数,以及不同焙烧温度下BaTiO3粉体的晶粒大小.分析表明:BaTiO3粉体随温度的升高,晶体结构由立方逐渐向四方转变,晶粒度增加,热处理温度在700℃~900℃时,平均晶粒在40 nm~80 nm范围.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备(Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.25)Cd_(0.05))TiO_3纳米粉体

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸锶、硝酸镉、乙酸钡为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了(Ba0.7Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3纳米粉体,讨论了溶胶-凝胶过程中水的加入量、冰乙酸加入量及烧结温度对形成纳米粉体的影响,得到了优化实验条件,并用XRD、SEM、TEM、TG-DTA等检测手段对产品的微观结构及形貌进行了表征分析.结果表明:所制得的(Ba0.7Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3纳米粉体与BaTiO3主峰相吻合;在950℃煅烧2 h所得粉体分布均匀、外形为近似球形,其平均晶粒尺寸约46 nm左右.     

铈掺杂ATO（Ce-ATO）纳米粉体的制备及表征

采用自蔓延燃烧法制备出Ce掺杂的ATO (Ce-ATO)纳米粉体.利用XRD、SEM对粉体的结构及粒径进行了表征.研究了Ce掺杂量、滴定终点pH值、煅烧温度与煅烧时间对粉体晶型结构与粉体粒度及性能的影响,发现当Ce掺杂量为4%,滴定终点pH为7,在600℃下煅烧2h得到的粉体性能最好.此条件下制备的Ce-ATO粉体晶粒尺寸分布为18~22nm,且Ce-ATO粉体的电阻率为9.72?cm     

PbTiO3纳米粉体的制备与X射线衍射分析

以醋酸铅和钛酸丁酯为原料,甲醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出PbT iO3干凝胶粉体,在高于450℃的不同温度下空气气氛中焙烧,得到PbT iO3纳米粉体.用X射线粉末衍射仪对粉体的晶态进行了表征,计算了不同焙烧温度下PbT iO3纳米晶的晶格常数和平均晶粒大小.分析表明:焙烧温度高于600℃时可形成单一四方相钙钛矿结构的PbT iO3纳米粉体,并且随热处理温度的升高,晶粒度增加.在450℃~800℃区间时,平均晶粒大小在35 nm~50 nm左右.     

纳米微晶碱式碳酸锌的制备

以ZnSO4·7H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,掺入一定质量的MgSO4·7H2O,制备纳米微晶碱式碳酸锌粉体.分析Zn、Mg元素的质量分数,通过XRD检测粉体晶粒度.结果表明,少量Mg的掺入可降低碱式碳酸锌的晶粒度,随Mg的质量分数增加,Zn的质量分数依次减小,粉体晶粒度也呈减小趋势;随着反应温度的升高,粉体的晶粒度逐渐增大;加快搅拌速度,粉体的晶粒度减小.得出最佳制备工艺条件是Mg的质量分数1.11%～1.36%,反应温度60 ℃,搅拌速度350～400 r/min.在此工艺下,可制得Zn的质量分数为56.18%,Mg的质量分数为1.31%,晶粒度为9.5 nm的碱式碳酸锌.     

纳米镁铝尖晶石粉体的低温燃烧合成与表征

以硝酸盐和蔗糖为原料,利用低温燃烧合成制备纳米镁铝尖晶石(MgAl_2O_4)粉体,研究了不同煅烧温度、气氛以及加热速率等因素对纳米MgAl_2O_4粉体特性的影响.结果表明:随着前驱体煅烧温度的升高,纳米MgAl_2O_4晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;在O2环境中煅烧前驱体可以降低纯MgAl_2O_4相的形成温度,促进反应物质扩散、增大晶粒尺寸.在快速升温、蔗糖与硝酸盐物质的量比为2∶1以及通入O2的条件下,在400℃下煅烧生成MgAl_2O_4相,700℃时得到单相MgAl_2O_4纳米粉体.低温燃烧合成制备纳米MgAl_2O_4粉体结晶度高、晶粒尺寸细小,呈松散的软团聚态,有利于降低MgAl_2O_4陶瓷致密化烧结温度.     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米α-Al2O3粉

以Al（NO3）4.9H2O、NH4HCO3和C6H8O7.H2O为主要原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米α-Al2O3粉。研究了表面活性剂和过滤方法对前躯体转晶温度的影响,采用XRD和TEM对粉体进行表征。结果表明：在前躯体制备过程中加入表面活性剂PEG6000可使前躯体的转化温度降低75℃,常压过滤比用真空抽滤的前躯体转化温度低25℃,前躯体转化为α-Al2O3相的最佳煅烧温度是1050℃;制备的α-Al2O3是粉体分散性良好的片状晶体,呈两极分布状态,小颗粒平均粒径约20nm,大颗粒的宽约50～80nm、长约100～200nm。     

连续有序动态微液团混合法制备纳米WO_3

利用连续有序动态微液团混合法制备了纳米WO3粉体,并利用TEM,XRD,TG/DTA等检测手段对其进行了表征。讨论了反应溶液、沉淀剂的浓度、焙烧温度等因素对粉体形貌和粒径的影响。得到的纳米WO3粉体前驱体钨酸,为粒径20～40nm的片状钨酸小晶粒,经400～600℃焙烧,获得了粒径为30～50nm的WO3纳米粉体。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.