分子伴侣GroEL对青霉素G酰化酶亚基折叠的影响

采用Tac启动子控制表达质粒，在不同的宿主细胞中表达了青霉素G酰化酶（PAC），检测这些菌株所表达的PAC活性，分析细胞内分子伴侣GroEL含量，PAC翻译后加工为α，β亚基的状况，以及它们之间的关系，结果表明：质粒pKK-SP在不同宿主中表达时，翻译后加工状况有明显差异，单位质量细胞所表达的PAC活性与翻译后加工效率相关，且与细胞内分子伴侣GroEL在菌体总蛋白中含量正相关，同时也阐明了亚基的折叠成为翻译后加工过程的限制步骤，细胞内分子伴侣GroEL有助于PAC亚基的折叠和稳定。     

Stimulation of protein-directed strand exchange by a DNA helicase

The protein-mediated exchange of strands between a DNA double helix and a homologous DNA single strand involves both synapsis and branch migration, which are two important aspects of any general recombination reaction. Purified DNA-dependent ATPases from Escherichia coli (recA protein), Ustilago (rec 1 protein) and phage T4 (uvsX protein) have been shown to drive both synapsis and branch migration in vitro. The T4 gene 32 protein is a helix-destabilizing protein that greatly stimulates uvsX-protein-catalysed synapsis, and the E. coli SSB (single-strand binding) protein stimulates the analogous recA-protein-mediated reaction to a lesser degree. One suspects that several other proteins also play a role in the strand exchange process. For example, a DNA helicase could in principle accelerate branch migration rates by helping to melt the helix at the branch point. The T4 dda protein is a DNA helicase that is required to move the T4 replication fork past DNA template-bound proteins in vitro. Previously, we have shown that the dda protein binds to a column that contains immobilized T4 uvsX protein. We show here that this helicase specifically stimulates the branch migration reaction that the uvsX protein catalyses as a central part of the genetic recombination process in a T4 bacteriophage-infected cell.     

氧化硫硫杆菌重组质粒pSDT125的构建及其在大肠杆菌之间的转移

对氧化硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans)隐蔽性质粒pTt12进行了限制性酶切分析,并绘出了限制性酶切图谱,其大小为13.7Kb.将pTt12质粒与pBR325质粒重组,得到了重组质粒pSDT125(Cm',Ap',Tc~s).氧化硫硫杆菌重组质粒pSDT125本身不具有接合转移能力,但它在广泛寄主范围的转移性质粒RP4的带动下以较高的频率在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)之间转移,表明在氧化硫硫杆菌质粒pTt12上存在着与接合转移有关的DNA序列.     

Mammalian and bacterial sugar transport proteins are homologous

The uptake of a sugar across the boundary membrane is a primary event in the nutrition of most cells, but the hydrophobic nature of the transport proteins involved makes them difficult to characterize. Their amino-acid sequences can, however, be determined by cloning and sequencing the corresponding gene (or complementary DNA). We have determined the sequences of the arabinose-H+ and xylose-H+ membrane transport proteins of Escherichia coli. They are homologous with each other and, unexpectedly, with the glucose transporters of human hepatoma and rat brain cells. All four proteins share similarities with the E. coli citrate transporter. Comparisons of their sequences and hydropathic profiles yield insights into their structure, functionally important residues and possible evolutionary relationships. There is little apparent homology with the lactose-H+ (LacY) or melibiose-Na+ (MelB) transport proteins of E. coli.     

Identification and characterization of E. coli type-1 pilus tip adhesion protein

The type-1 pilus of Escherichia coli is the prototype of this class of hair-like, multimeric adhesive organelles. This pilus mediates adherence to mannose-containing receptors on mucosal epithelia and other cells. The type-1 pilus, in one of several serological variants, is expressed by nearly all E. coli strains, and its promotion of colonization by pathogenic bacteria and the protective effects of purified pilus vaccines suggest that it is important as a bacterial virulence factor. Both the adhesive function and the serological variation of the type-1 pilus have been attributed to the thousand or so pilin protein monomers making up the pilus rods. This idea has been contradicted by our earlier observations on an E. coli strain expressing adhesion-defective pili. More recent genetic evidence also indicates that auxiliary pilus proteins are required for adhesive function. We report here the identification of three previously undetected integral minor proteins on the type-1 pilus, and show that one of them is the receptor-binding adhesin. This protein is antigenically conserved among strains with different pilin serotypes and is located at the pilus tip.     

小鼠H-2D~b-BSP融合基因的构建与表达

目的:构建小鼠H-2Db-BSP融合基因,并诱导其在大肠杆菌中表达.方法:采用RT-PCR方法从C57BL/6小鼠淋巴细胞中扩增出H-2Db链的胞外段基因,经双酶切置换已构建的HLA-A*0201-BSP重组体中的HLA-A*0201胞外段序列,使H-2Db与BirA酶底物肽(BSP)序列融合,构建H-2Db-BSP融合基因表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,筛选重组子,并经IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达.结果:构建的H-2Db-BSP融合基因插入正确且序列与GenBank一致;经1mmol/L浓度的IPTG诱导后4h蛋白表达达到高峰,且融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在.结论:成功构建H-2Db-BSP融合基因,并诱导其在大肠杆菌得以表达,为进一步构建H-2Db四聚体,研究T细胞应答提供了物质基础.     

PMEPA1蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其抗体制备

为了从蛋白水平上检测前列腺跨膜蛋白PMEPA1(prostate transmembrane protain,androgen induced 1)在细胞内的表达和功能,构建了原核表达重组质粒pTrcHisA-PMEPA1和pGEX4T-2-PMEPA1,转化大肠杆菌BL21-RIPL后,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,分别用Ni-NTA和谷胱甘肽琼脂糖凝胶层析柱纯化蛋白。用His-PMEPA1免疫兔子制备抗体,并用GST-PMEPA1对抗体进行纯化。免疫印迹检测显示抗体能够特异识别细胞中内源PMEPA1蛋白。     

大肠杆菌二硫键异构酶DsbA和脯氨酸异构酶PPIaseA双顺反子表达载体的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

用ＰＣＲ方法获得大肠杆菌二硫键异构酶ＤｓｂＡ的编码基因ｄｓｂＡ和大肠杆菌脯氨酸异构酶ＰＰＩａｓｅＡ的编码基因ｒｏｔ,并将ＤｓｂＡ和ｒｏｔ以双顺反子形式克隆至含有Ｐｔａｃ启动子的表达载体ｐＫＫ２３３－２中。在ＩＰＴＧ的诱导下,ＤｓｂＡ和ＰＰＩａｓｅＡ获得了表达。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和薄层扫描分析表明：ＤｓｂＡ、ＰＰＩａｓｅＡ的表达水平分别为占菌体裂解上清液总蛋白质的４．３２％和４．０６％。     

T4 DNA topoisomerase: a new ATP-dependent enzyme essential for initiation of T4 bacteriophage DNA replication.

A novel ATP-dependent DNA topoisomerase which makes reversible double-strand breaks in the DNA double helix has been purified to near homogeneity from T4 bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli cells. Genetic data suggest that this activity is essential for initiating T4 DNA replication forks in vivo.     

Domain of E. coli DNA polymerase I showing sequence homology to T7 DNA polymerase

Escherichia coli contains three DNA polymerases that differ in their size, ability to interact with accessory proteins and biological function. Monomeric DNA polymerase I (Pol I) has a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 103,000 (103K) and is involved primarily in the repair of damaged DNA and the processing of Okazaki fragments; polymerase II is of Mr 120K, and polymerase III has a Mr of 140K, is responsible for the replication of the DNA chromosome and is just one of several proteins that are required for replication. DNA polymerases from bacteriophage as well as those of eukaryotic viral and cellular origin also differ with respect to their size and the number of associated proteins that are required for them to function in replication. However, the template-directed copying of DNA is identical in all cases. The crystal structure of the large proteolytic fragment of Pol I shows that it consists of two domains, the larger of which contains a deep crevice whose dimensions are such that it can bind duplex DNA. The T7 polymerase consists of two subunits, the 80K gene 5 protein and the host-encoded 12K thioredoxin of E. coli. We show here that there is an amino acid sequence homology between at least eight polypeptide segments that form the large cleft in the Klenow fragment and polypeptides in T7 DNA polymerase gene 5 protein, suggesting that this domain evolved from a common precursor. The parts of the Pol I and T7 DNA polymerase molecules that bind the DNA substrate appear to share common structural features, and these features may be shared by all of these varied DNA polymerases.     

Viral MIPα homologous with human MIP-1α acts on HIV co-receptor CCR5

The function and usage of vMIPa encoded by K6 gene of herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) which has homology with human macrophage protein (MIP) have not been clearly known. In the present note the K6 gene of HHV8 was cloned and transfected into NIH3T3 cells and E. coli cells. Conditional media from the 3T3-transfected cells and K6 product vMIPa from E. coli . Cells were used to perform the experiments of ligand-receptor binding and cellular adhesion with peripheral blood macrophages. The conditional media and the purified vMIPa from E. coli could compete to bind to CCR5 located on macrophages from peripheral blood with I¹²⁵-hMIP-1a chemokine of human. Cellular adhesion showed that the conditional media from transfected cells and the purified vMIPa did not induce the adhesion of macrophages from peripheral blood to ICAM-1. In conclusion, vMIPa encoded by K6 gene of HHV8 can bind to CCR5 of peripheral blood macrophage cells and does not induce their adhesion. This suggests that vMIPa enclosed CCR5, also known as HIV co-receptor, may be used to prevent and treat HIV infection.     

Trigger factor and DnaK cooperate in folding of newly synthesized proteins.

The role of molecular chaperones in assisting the folding of newly synthesized proteins in the cytosol is poorly understood. In Escherichia coli, GroEL assists folding of only a minority of proteins and the Hsp70 homologue DnaK is not essential for protein folding or cell viability at intermediate growth temperatures. The major protein associated with nascent polypeptides is ribosome-bound trigger factor, which displays chaperone and prolyl isomerase activities in vitro. Here we show that delta tig::kan mutants lacking trigger factor have no defects in growth or protein folding. However, combined delta tig::kan and delta dnaK mutations cause synthetic lethality. Depletion of DnaK in the delta tig::kan mutant results in massive aggregation of cytosolic proteins. In delta tig::kan cells, an increased amount of newly synthesized proteins associated transiently with DnaK. These findings show in vivo activity for a ribosome-associated chaperone, trigger factor, in general protein folding, and functional cooperation of this protein with a cytosolic Hsp70. Trigger factor and DnaK cooperate to promote proper folding of a variety of E. coli proteins, but neither is essential for folding and viability at intermediate growth temperatures.     

GST融合蛋白包涵体纯化方法的探索

克隆结核分枝杆菌培养滤液蛋白CFP10基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化。用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出CFP10基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1并在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAG及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。成功克隆了CFP10基因,并对其在E.coli中进行了表达,SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过GST纯化系统获得36kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符,该蛋白可与CFP10 mAb特异结合,并且同时与活动期结核病人血清发生反应。成功获得了纯化的CFP10蛋白,为进一步研究CFP10蛋白的致病机理提供了实验依据。     

盐生杜氏藻(6-4)光裂合酶在大肠杆菌CPD缺陷株SY2中的功能鉴定

将盐生杜氏藻（6—4）光裂合酶基因Ds64PHR的编码序列构建到表达载体pET32a中,利用高效转化法将构建好的表达载体转入E．coli．CPD光裂合酶缺陷菌株SY2中,诱导表达（6-4）光裂合酶融合蛋白,对其功能进行验证．在含有Amp的LB平板上涂布相同数量的大肠杆菌,改变紫外照射强度、光照修复时间,统计最终的菌株存活率．经研究发现,在基因水平上,SY2中表达的盐生杜氏藻（6—4）光裂合酶具有修复紫外诱导损伤的功能,光照是修复功能实现的必需条件．     

Effects of heavy metal on dielectric properties of E. coli revealed by dielectric spectroscopy

Dielectric spectroscopy of E. coli cell before and after exposure to heavy metals Cd^2＋ , Cu^2＋ , Zn^2＋ and Ca^2＋ was investigated. The results indicate that changes in dielectric spectra reflect effects of heavy metal on the structure and function of E. coli cells. Heavy metal can change membrane capacitance as well as pennittivity and conductivity of the cytoplasm. Changes in volume fraction suggested that dielectric measurement could monitor the growth of E. coli cells. These results demonstrated that dielectric spectroscopy was a potential effective technique for studying electric properties of biological cells.     

重金属镉对大肠杆菌生长的影响及镉在大肠杆菌细胞内积累的研究

介绍了重金属镉在大肠杆菌细胞内的积累过程以及镉对大肠杆菌生长的影响。研究表明 :大肠杆菌的生长速率取决于培养基中镉的浓度 ,与镉相应的阴离子、温度等环境因素也影响大肠杆菌的生长速率和镉在大肠杆菌细胞内的积累     

胡萝卜抗冻蛋白基因的克隆及其在E.coli中的表达

对中国的一个胡萝卜品种进行了冷诱导前后幼苗总蛋白组成的比较、分析 ,SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的结果表明两者在相对分子质量 36 0 0 0附近有一条蛋白带的差别。由此推测实验的胡萝卜品种在冷诱导过程中有抗冻蛋白 (AFP)表达。根据相关的研究结果设计引物 ,以胡萝卜幼苗基因组DNA为模板 ,通过PCR扩增得到了长 10 99bp的抗冻蛋白基因。测序结果表明其与GenBank公布的afp序列仅有 3个碱基的差别。将此抗冻蛋白基因克隆进大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX4T1,在IPTG的诱导下表达出了含有AFP的约 6 0 0 0 0的融合蛋白 ,证明该AFP基因在原核表达系统中可以正常表达