Boyce—Codd范式的判定与分解

给定关系模式Ｒ和函数依赖集Ｆ，当Ｘ为Ｒ的一个真子集时，判定Ｘ关于Ｆ是否为Ｂｏｙｃｅ－Ｃｏｄｄ范式（以下简记为ＢＣＮＦ）是ＮＰ完全的，这一问题的难点在于Ｆ在Ｘ上投影的计算，本文给出了计算函数依赖集投影的一个实用算法，将其用于ＢＣＮＦ的判定，并在此基础上建立了ＢＣＮＦ的一个无损分解算法。     

模糊空值环境下关系数据库的模式分解

定义了模糊空值环境下的分解。讨论了模糊空值环境下模式分解的两种特性，一是无损连接性，二是保持模糊空值函数依赖性。给出了分解的两个综合算法。     

基于矩阵关系模式到2NF、3NF(保FD)的分解

利用矩阵工具，研究了到２ＮＦ、３ＮＦ（保持函数依赖）的模式分解。给出了判定２ＮＦ、３ＮＦ的若干定理，并提出矩阵行相容、矩阵包含等定义。给出了基于矩阵到２ＮＦ、３ＮＦ（保ＦＤ）的模式分解算法。     

一种局域连接前向人工神经网络结构的研究

双隐层标准前馈（ＢＰ）网络只要其隐层节点数足够多就能解决任何形式的分类问题．应用标准（ＢＰ）网络识别多模式类分类问题时存在以下缺陷：（１）对不同模式类均使用相同数目的隐层元；（２）增加新模式类后，网络要重新学习；（３）网络识别的机理研究困难．笔者提出了一种局域连接前馈神经网络（ＬＣＮＮ）结构，其隐层神经元与输出神经元之间为局域连接，学习算法与ＢＰ算法类似．ＬＣＮＮ具有以下特点：（１）便于自构网络结构，提高网络的推广能力；（２）便于提取各模式类的不变特性；（３）具有较强的记忆能力，便于实现追加学习．以五种海底沉积层介质类型的分类识别为例，分别利用标准前馈（ＢＰ）网络与ＬＣＮＮ网络进行分类识别，结果表明：ＬＣＮＮ便于自构网络结构，具有追加学习的能力．     

基于矩阵到3NF保持函数依赖的模式分解

利用矩阵这一工具，研究了到３ＮＦ保持函数依赖的模式分解，文中基于矩阵给出了判定３ＮＦ的若干定理，并提出矩阵行相容，矩阵包含和矩阵合并等新的定义，给出了基于矩阵到３ＮＦ保持函数依赖的模式分解算法。     

FD集归前依赖集的左部联合集

基于左部联合集,给出了归并依赖集的左右部冲突的概念。同时讨论了对无内部冲突的ＦＤ集,归并依赖集的左右部冲突与无ａ环、３ＮＦ数据库模式分解的关系。     

识别三种非环数据库模式的分布式算法

对α－，β－，Ｂ－这几种非环数据库模式，在分布式环境给出如何识别它们的算法ＤＢＦＰＲＵＮＥ。该算法最坏的消息复杂度是Ｏ（ｎ＾２＋ｍ），而最坏的时间复杂度是Ｏ（ｎ＾２），其中ｎ是网络中结点的个数，ｍ是网络上边的个数。     

知识库中的空值初探

分析了空值环境下的三种类型的查询策略，以及Ｄａｔａｌｏｇ查询求值的Ｓｅｍｉ－Ｎａｖｉｅ算法，给出了一个从子目标关系空值特性导出头关系空值特性的一种方法，使改进后的Ｓｅｍｉ－Ｎａｉｖｅ算法能在带有空值的ＥＤＢ数据中对Ｄａｔａｌｏｇ查询进行正确求值。     

属于BCNF的关系模式主属性问题研究

研究了关系模式中的四类属性成为主属性或非属性的条件，在此基础上讨论讨论了属于ＢＣＮＦ的关系模式主属性问题的解决办法，并给出了相应的线性时间算法。     

具有R^＋关系的Fuzzy集间关系

Ｌ．Ｇｏｎｚａｌｅｚ和Ａ．Ｍａｒｉｎ（１９９６）在Ｆｕｚｚｙ集间引入了一种分明关系Ｒ＾＋，本文对具有Ｒ＾＋关系的Ｆｕｚｚｙ集间关系作了探讨，给出两Ｆｕｚｚｙ集具有Ｒ＾＋关系的几个必要条件，其结论是构造性的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with