微囊化转CEA基因细胞诱导小鼠抗肿瘤免疫的研究

为发展癌胚抗原(CEA)阳性肿瘤的治疗性疫苗,应用基因工程和静电液滴技术制备出微囊化转CEA基因细胞,经腹腔免疫实验小鼠,再分别应用CEA基因转染的H 2 2 细胞小鼠皮下及腹腔接种,观察微囊化转CEA基因细胞对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用及其诱导小鼠细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)特异性杀伤CEA 阳性肿瘤细胞的能力,并用流式细胞术检测了小鼠肿瘤细胞的生长周期和各实验组脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的分布情况. 结果显示,微囊化转CEA 基因细胞可以有效抑制CEA阳性肿瘤的生长,诱导小鼠CTL对CEA阳性肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤 ,并能改善荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,延长腹水瘤小鼠的生存期.     

噬菌体展示的白色念珠菌热休克蛋白90特异表位在小鼠体内诱发的免疫应答

将展示白色念珠菌热休克蛋白(HSP)90特异表位的杂合噬菌体作为抗原免疫C57BL/6J小鼠,以检测该抗原在小鼠体内诱发的体液免疫和细胞免疫.实验结果表明:抗原PA刺激机体产生了较强的抗白色念珠菌HSP90特异性抗体;脾CD4 T和CD8 T淋巴细胞出现率明显增高;脾细胞分泌IL-2的能力有增高趋势.此外,将免疫后的小鼠通过尾静脉进行系统性白色念珠菌感染,采用组织病理学方法观察了抗原对小鼠肾脏白色念珠菌寄居数量的影响,实验结果表明,抗原对系统性白色念珠菌感染具有明显的保护作用.     

益肝康冲剂免疫作用的实验研究

本文对益肝康冲剂的免疫作用进行实验研究 ,结果显示 :1)能提高小鼠肝脏和脾脏巨噬细胞对碳粒的廓清能力 ;增加腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。 2 )增加血清溶菌酶含量。 3)提高抗SRBC抗体水平使血清溶血素(HC5 0 )和血清凝集素增加。 4)能增加免疫低下小鼠外周血中ANAE+ 淋巴细胞百分率 ;增强PHA诱导T淋巴细胞转化能力。表明药物能提高小鼠特异性和非特异性免疫功能。     

牡蛎寡肽对免疫低下小鼠模型免疫功能的影响

采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺(Cyclophosvnamide,CTX)建立免疫低下小鼠模型,研究不同剂量牡蛎寡肽对小鼠免疫器官脏器指数、脾淋巴细胞转化增殖情况、自然杀伤细胞(Natural Killer cell,NK)细胞活性、小鼠体液免疫、巨噬细胞吞噬能力、血清TNF-α、IL-6和溶血素水平的影响.结果显示:与免疫抑制模型组小鼠相比,牡蛎寡肽能够显著提高脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、NK细胞活性、廓清指数K、吞噬指数a、吞噬中性红能力、TNF-α、IL-6、溶血素水平和脾淋巴细胞CD3+4T淋巴细胞亚群及CD3+8T淋巴细胞亚群分布(P0.05),而对小鼠的肝、脾脏指数影响不显著,表明牡蛎寡肽能够提高由CTX引起的免疫低下模型小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫及非特异性免疫功能,对小鼠的免疫功能具有正面调控的作用.     

树突状细胞在肿瘤免疫中作用的初步研究

树突状细胞(DC)是体内最重要的专职抗原呈递细胞,是连接天然免疫和获得免疫的桥梁.cDC由于其强大的提呈抗原的能力在肿瘤免疫中发挥重要的作用.利用CD11c-DTR小鼠,检测了cDC清除(ConventionalDendritic cell)对肿瘤生长的影响,分析了cDC敲除后荷瘤小鼠肿瘤微环境的改变.结果表明,cDC减少后Treg的浸润增多.即cDC对肿瘤微环境中的Treg有抑制作用.同时,cDC清除后CD4+和CD8+T细胞抗肿瘤的Th1反应降低.我们的工作加深了对于树突状细胞在肿瘤免疫作用中的理解.     

有氧和力竭游泳运动对DNA疫苗免疫效果的影响及机制研究

将48只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成对照组(16只),有氧游泳运动组(16只)和力竭游泳运动组(16只).在小鼠分别进行6周有氧和力竭游泳运动后,肌肉注射DNA疫苗3次,每次间隔14d.末次免疫后14d,处死小鼠,收集血液和脾细胞,检测抗原特异性的体液和细胞免疫反应.为了进一步研究不同强度有氧运动影响疫苗的免疫效果的作用机理,小鼠运动6周后,处死小鼠,收集脾细胞分析CD4⁺CD25+CD25⁺调节性T细胞(Treg)的数量及其抑制功能和IL-2的变化.结果显示:和对照组比,有氧运动增强了抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应和细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应(CTL);与之相反,力竭运动抑制抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应和CTL反应.但两种不同强度的游泳运动都不影响血清中抗体的产生.机理研究发现,力竭运动增加Treg细胞的数量及抑制功能,而有氧运动并不影响Treg的数量和功能,但增加脾细胞IL-2的表达.以上结果表明:1)有氧和力竭运动不影响DNA疫苗的体液免疫效果;2)有氧运动可能通过增加脾细胞中IL-2的产生而增强DNA疫苗的细胞免疫效果;3)力竭游泳运动可能通过改变Treg的数量及其抑制功能而削弱DNA疫苗的细胞免疫效果.     

一种免疫小鼠制备大量多克隆抗体的新方法

研究了一种用纯抗原免疫小鼠,在抗体产生时注射腹水癌细胞,最后取其腹水(含抗体)的多克隆抗体制备方法,免疫1只小鼠共需免疫抗原60～300μg,可获得15～30mL腹水抗体.此法既适合于大分子质量抗原,也适合于小分子质量抗原.用ELISA、免疫印迹、免疫滴定等方法检测抗体效价、特异性、结合力等,均得到满意的结果.此种抗体在-20或-70℃最少能保持稳定1a以上.     

表达结核分枝杆菌融合抗原TB10.4-HspX的重组酵母免疫效果研究

结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的传染病,其防治难点主要在于抗药性菌株的出现以及唯一的抗结核疫苗——卡介苗的效果不理想.为发展新型抗结核疫苗,本研究中构建了表达结核分枝杆菌融合抗原TB10.4-HspX(TB10H)的重组酿酒酵母,分别以皮下注射和滴鼻两种方式免疫小鼠,检测免疫效果.结果显示,该重组酿酒酵母通过皮下注射的方式免疫后刺激小鼠产生TB10H特异性抗体IgG,分泌Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ,而且重组酵母免疫后在一定程度上刺激小鼠树突状细胞的成熟分化和抗原递呈作用.一系列结果表明,表达融合抗原TB10H的重组酿酒酵母能够有效激发小鼠抗原特异性免疫应答.     

特定激活性吞噬受体的配体与广谱肿瘤抗原的化学生物学桥接

目前肿瘤疫苗制备方法尚无法做到将广谱肿瘤抗原通过特定激活性吞噬受体途径递送给抗原呈递细胞,这可能是现有肿瘤疫苗临床疗效不佳的原因之一.因此,本研究利用化学生物学方法,尝试将激活性吞噬受体的配体与广谱肿瘤抗原连接,为制备肿瘤疫苗提供新的方法.首先,通过非天然糖代谢掺入对培养的小鼠4T1乳腺癌细胞和CT26.WT结直肠癌细胞抗原进行标记,使糖基化肿瘤抗原携带叠氮化的唾液酸,利用流式细胞术和免疫荧光技术确定代谢掺入的最优条件参数.其次,利用生物正交反应使肿瘤抗原叠氮修饰位点再进一步共价缀合生物素,利用Western Blot检测蛋白的生物素化情况.最后,利用抗原-抗体结合原理,将小鼠抗生物素单抗(IgG1亚型,其Fc结构域是IgG1FcR的配体)与生物素化肿瘤抗原交联形成免疫复合物,通过Western Blot判断最优交联参数.实验结果表明,唾液酸前体物代谢掺入能高效地使肿瘤细胞发生叠氮化修饰,最佳浓度是2 mmol/L、最佳时间是24 h;通过生物正交反应能使叠氮化肿瘤抗原进一步生物素化;生物素化肿瘤抗原能高效地与抗生物素抗体形成复合物,二者交联的最佳比例(w/w)是20/1(4T1)或25/1(CT26.WT).结果证明,本研究通过化学生物学手段实现了广谱肿瘤抗原与特定吞噬受体的配体的交联,在方法学上为研制新型肿瘤疫苗奠定了基础.     

鹰嘴豆芽素A对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的:研究黄酮类化合物鹰嘴豆芽素A(biochanin A,bioA)对小鼠T淋巴细胞的活化增殖和周期的影响.方法:运用双色荧光抗体染色技术结合流式细胞术分析bioA对小鼠T淋巴细胞在多克隆刺激剂(ConA)刺激下早期活化抗原CD69表达的影响;运用羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸(carboxyfluorescein diacetate,succinimidyl ester,CFDA-SE)标记技术结合流式细胞术,分析T淋巴细胞增殖相关指数;用碘化丙锭(propidium iodide,PI)染色分析T淋巴细胞细胞周期变化.结果:终浓度为25、50μmol/L的bioA对ConA刺激下的T淋巴细胞早期活化抗原CD69表达具有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05),50 μmol/L抑制达到峰值;CFDA-SE染色法显示,25、50 μmol/L bioA对ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖作用具有显著的抑制作用(P＜0.05);终浓度为5、25、50 μmol/L的bioA能够使ConA刺激的T淋巴细胞滞留于G0/G1期,减少处于S期和G2/M期细胞数.结论:BioA对小鼠T淋巴细胞的活化增殖和周期具有明显的抑制作用.     

氯化镧和氯化钆对小鼠免疫细胞作用的体外实验

通过MTT法研究了LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的作用.结果表明,GdCl3在0.001～10μmol/L浓度内均能促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,0.001～0.1μmol/L的LaCl3促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,其他浓度没有影响;除0.1μmol/L浓度外,其他测试浓度下的LaCl3均促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖;0.001μmol/L的GdCl3抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖,0.01～1μmol/L时对小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响,10μmol/L时转而促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖.浓度为0.1μmol/L的LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖有抑制作用,其他测试浓度下均促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖.作用时间为4 h时,0.001μmol/L的LaCl3对NK细胞的活性没有影响,其他浓度下的LaCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性,0.001～10μmol/L的GdCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性;作用时间为8 h时,0.001和0.01μmol/L的LaCl3显著降低NK细胞的活性,0.1和1μmol/L的LaCl3提高NK细胞的活性,当浓度为10μmol/L时对NK细胞的活性没有影响,1μmol/L的GdCl3降低NK细胞的活性,其他测试浓度均能提高NK细胞的活性.这提示LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的影响模式与其作用浓度、作用时间以及稀土元素的种类都是密切相关的.     

绒白乳菇中提取的乳菇菌素-D免疫抑制作用的研究

研究从绒白乳菇菌中分离出的一种新型倍半萜类化合物-乳菇菌素D的免疫抑制作用及机制。运用体外培养法取BALB/C小鼠脾细胞,研究乳菇菌素D对静止脾细胞、Con A(刀豆蛋白A)和LPS(脂多糖)刺激后的脾细胞(含B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞)增殖的抑制作用;运用MTT法经酶标仪检测吸光度,并计算刺激指数(stimulating index,SI);体外培养小鼠脾细胞,运用ELISA检测法观察乳菇菌素D对脾脏中T淋巴细胞分泌IL-2的抑制作用。结果显示该化合物对静止的脾细胞无抑制作用;对Con A和LPS刺激后的脾细胞增殖有显著抑制作用(P0.05),最大浓度药物组刺激指数SI低至0.28;高浓度的乳菇菌素D对Con A刺激的小鼠脾细胞产生的IL-2,具有显著抑制作用(P0.05)。结果显示乳菇菌素D通过抑制抗原刺激后的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖、抑制其分泌细胞因子,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。研究结果将为开发以乳菇菌素D为母体、经结构修饰、安全低毒的免疫抑制剂提供理论基础。     

北五味子木脂素对酒精性肝损伤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察五味子木脂素对小鼠淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)的影响.方法应用五味子木脂素高、中、低3个剂量治疗酒精性肝损伤小鼠,联苯双酯对照,观察其对小鼠脏器系数、体液免疫功能、淋巴细胞增殖以及NK细胞活性的影响,利用流式细胞仪和MTT法检测其对淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞的影响.结果五味子木脂素中剂量组胸腺、脾脏系数明显增加,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);五味子木脂素中剂量组能显著降低CD8+水平,提高CD3+,CD4+水平及CD4+/CD8+比值,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);五味子木脂素中剂量能提高NK细胞活性和T,B淋巴细胞增殖能力,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论五味子木脂素能够增强酒精性肝脏损伤小鼠的免疫功能.     

AIDS virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in lung disorders

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is implicated in the development of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). HIV infection leads to the generation of HIV-specific thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes in humans and apes. We describe an experimental system permitting the quantitative and systematic analysis of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Functional, HIV-specific CTL are obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) from the lungs of seropositive patients with lymphocytic alveolitis. These alveolar CTL: (1) recognize and kill HIV-infected alveolar macrophages in vitro under autologous, but not heterologous, conditions; (2) correspond to standard CTL as they express the CD3 and CD8 surface markers, but not the CD4 marker; and (3) are restricted by class I HLA transplantation antigens in their cytotoxic activities. We propose the hypothesis that interactions between HIV-specific CTL and infected macrophages induce major inflammatory reactions in seropositive patients.     

氯化铒和氯化镝对小鼠免疫细胞作用的体外实验

为探讨稀土元素对机体免疫功能的影响,通过噻唑兰(MTT)法研究了氯化铒(ErCl3)和氯化镝(DyCl3)对小鼠免疫细胞的作用.结果表明,浓度为0.001,0.1,1μmol/L的ErCl3抑制小鼠脾细胞的增殖,其他测试浓度下的ErCl3对小鼠脾细胞增殖没有影响.除浓度为0.1μmol/L的DyCl3对小鼠脾细胞增殖没有影响外,其他测试浓度的DyCl3促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖.在测试浓度范围内,ErCl3对小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖的影响表现为:抑制-促进-没有影响-促进;DyCl3均促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖,而且随着作用浓度的增大,其促进作用减弱.ErCl3和DyCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖的影响是类似的,浓度为0.001和0.01μmol/L的ErCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响,同样浓度的DyCl3则促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖;升高浓度为0.1μmol/L时,ErCl3和DyCl3均抑制小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖,进一步升高浓度为1,10μmol/L时,它们都转而促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖.作用时间为4h时,ErCl3和DyCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性,当作用时间延长到8h时,其提高NK细胞的活性的能力减弱,甚至个别浓度转为降低NK细胞的活性.研究结果提示,ErCl3和DyCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的影响与其作用时间、浓度和稀土化合物的种类存在着一定的相关性.     

Responses to the H-2Kba mutant involve recognition of syngeneic Ia molecules

Conventional antigens appear to be recognized by T lymphocytes only when associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Using antigen-specific proliferation as a model for helper T lymphocytes, it has been demonstrated that Ly1+T cells recognize antigen presented in association with syngeneic Ia molecules. In contrast to responses to conventional antigens, however, a large number of studies have suggested that the stimulation of alloreactive Ly1+T cells, and helper T cells specific for allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, involve the direct recognition of Ia alloantigens. For the generation of optimal allogeneic CTL activity it has been proposed that Ly1+T cells recognize allo-Ia antigens directly and provide help to pre-CTLs that respond to allo-H-2K and/or D determinants. Thus, the B6.C.H-2bm1 mutant (bm1, formerly referred to as Hz1), which is believed to consist of a substitution of two amino acids in the H-2Kb antigen, has presented a paradox, for it can stimulate strong mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), graft versus host and CTL responses by T cells of H-2b haplotype mice in the apparent absence of any alloantigenic differences in the I region. We now present evidence that the stimulation of proliferative and helper T cells by the mutant B6.C.H-2bm1 results from the H-2Kba antigen being recognized in the context of syngeneic Ia determinants. Thus responses to both conventional antigens and allogeneic MHC gene products may proceed via the recognition of antigen in the context of self Ia molecules.     

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a soluble protein

Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes recognize antigen in conjunction with surface glycoproteins encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. Whereas fragments of soluble antigens are presented to T helper lymphocytes (TH), which carry the CD4 antigen, in association with class II MHC molecules, CD8-bearing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) usually see cellular antigens (for instance virally-encoded proteins) in conjunction with MHC class I molecules. The different modes of antigen presentation may result from separate intracellular transport: vesicles containing class II molecules are thought to fuse with those carrying endocytosed soluble proteins. Class I molecules, in contrast, can only pick up degradation products of intracellular proteins (see refs 7 and 8). This makes biological sense; during an attack of a virus, class I-restricted CTL destroy infected cells and class II-restricted TH guide the humoural response to neutralize virus particles and toxins. But here we provide evidence that CTL specific for ovalbumin fragments can be induced with soluble protein, and that intracellular protein degradation provides epitopes recognized by these CTL. These findings suggest the existence of an antigen presenting cell that takes up soluble material and induces CTL.     

The T lymphocyte glycoprotein CD2 binds the cell surface ligand LFA-3

CD2 (known also as T11 (ref. 1), LFA-2 (ref. 2) and the erythrocyte rosette receptor (ref. 3] is a functionally important T lymphocyte surface glycoprotein of relative molecular mass 50,000 to 58,000 (Mr 50-58 K) which appears early in thymocyte ontogeny and is present on all mature T cells. Monoclonal antibodies to CD2 inhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing by binding to the T lymphocyte and blocking adhesion to the target cell. Such antibodies also inhibit T helper cell responses including antigen-stimulated proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion, and IL-2 receptor expression. Certain combinations of monoclonal antibodies to CD2 epitopes trigger proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, cytotoxic effector function and expression of IL-2 receptors by thymocytes, resulting in thymocyte proliferation in the presence of exogenous IL-2 (ref. 11). These findings suggest that CD2 can function in signalling as well as being an adhesion molecule. To understand the role of CD2 in T-cell adhesion and activation, it is essential to define its natural ligand. Our previous observation that purified CD2 inhibits rosetting of T lymphocytes with sheep erythrocytes and can be absorbed by sheep erythrocytes suggested it also might bind with detectable affinity to human cells. We now report that CD2 binds to a cell-surface antigen known as lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) with high affinity, and can mediate adhesion of lymphoid cells via interaction with LFA-3.     

总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖对小鼠T细胞亚群及NK细胞免疫功能的调节

目的:观察总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖对正常小鼠T细胞亚群及NK细胞的免疫调节作用.方法:腹腔注射总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖溶液,用流式细胞仪检测血中免疫参数(CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 T细胞亚群百分比)和脾脏NK细胞百分比,并测定胸腺、脾脏指数.结果:总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖能明显降低小鼠血中CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 百分比(P＜0.05),同时增强脾脏NK细胞百分比(P＜0.05),并显著降低胸腺指数(P＜0.05),增加脾脏指数(P＜0.05).结论:总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖对小鼠T细胞亚群和NK细胞具有双向的免疫调节作用.     

Human large granular lymphocytes are potent producers of interleukin-1

Natural killer (NK) activity against tumour and virus-infected target cells is shown by a subpopulation of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes with the morphological features of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The lineage of human LGL is still controversial, as they display surface markers of both T lymphocytes and myelomonocytic cells. LGL have recently been reported to produce lymphokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and alpha- as well as gamma-interferons, functions associated mainly with T cells. To determine whether cytokines associated with other cell lineages are also produced by LGL, we examined whether they might produce a myelomonocyte -associated cytokine such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 is a 12-18,000 molecular weight (MW) lymphokine produced by a variety of cell types such as monocytes, keratinocytes and a human dendritic cell line, which plays a crucial role in immunoregulation and inflammation. Moreover, IL-1 has recently been reported to act synergistically with IL-2 and interferons in boosting LGL-mediated NK activity. We now show that a subset of highly purified human LGL with NK activity can be stimulated to secrete a soluble factor with the biochemical and biological characteristics of human IL-1.