具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

一种安全的家庭无线网络环境技术的构建

随着Internet网络的快速发展,网络安全问题越来越被人们所重视,近年来随着无线网络技术的逐渐成熟,在某些方面具有明显优势的无线网络逐渐被人们所接受并作为对有线网络的有益补充快速发展,而由此带来的无线网络安全问题也正被人们所重视,文中研讨了如何构建一个安全的家庭无线网络环境,实现无线网络的安全。     

基于组合智能算法的无线网络信道分配机制

针对当前无线网络信道分配方法易出现干扰, 网络吞吐量小等缺陷, 设计一种基于组合智能算法的无线网络信道分配方法. 首先对无线网络信道分配的原理进行分析, 构建无线网络信道分配模型; 然后采用遗传算法产生无线网络信道的初始分配方案, 并引入粒子群优化算法对无线网络信道的初始分配方案进行精细搜索, 得到合理的无线网络信道分配方案; 最后在MATLAB 2016平台对无线网络的吞吐量、 网络延迟、 数据传输丢包率进行仿真测试. 仿真结果表明, 该方法大幅度提升了无线网络的吞吐量, 网络延迟和数据传输丢包率远小于单一的遗传算法或粒子群优化算法, 改善了无线网络的通信性能.     

基于校园网的无线网络设计方案

本文针对高校无线网络提出相应的无线网络设计方案,首先分析了无线网络组成,然后探讨了无线的安全设计,从技术、安全和管理上分析和设计一个高可用的校园无线网,为师生创造安全的实验、教学、办公环境。     

基于Zigbee技术的路灯无线控制

本文介绍了基于Zigbee的路灯无线控制的一种实际解决方案——无中心网络控制。Zigbee是建立在IEEE802.15.4协议上的无线通讯协议栈,为无线网络的设计提供基本的API函数。无中心网络是一种多跳网络,不存在跳数的限制,它允许通讯设备随时的加入或脱离网络,各通讯设备之间能够互相监控,具有很大的灵活性。     

家庭无线网络防御的安全性探析

利用无线路由器和ADSL Modem组建家庭无线网络已得到了普遍应用,但由于设置不当所带来的诸多网络安全隐患却没有引起足够重视。本文阐述了常用家庭无线网络的组网特点,给出了WEP和WPA无线加密的破解实例,提出了重置无线路由器的默认账号密码、关闭DHCP、修改默认SSID、禁止SSID广播、MAC地址过滤、WPA2加密等多种防御手段,以提高家庭无线网络的安全性。     

无线网络的进退

介绍了无线网络的分类、目前采用的主流通信技术以及无线网络的使用范围,归纳了无线网络在灵活性、便利性、显著提高工作效率方面的优点。同时也指出了无线网络在安全性、网络稳定性、带宽受限制、受无线传输技术普及程度制约等不利因素。最后给出用户对无线网络选择还是退避的几点建议。     

基于频谱系数和比例公平算法的网络调度优化策略

针对传统比例公平的无线网络资源调度优化策略无法有效保证用户的公平性, 存在无线网络通信系统资源利用率低等缺陷, 设计一种基于频谱系数和比例公平算法的无线网络通信系统资源调度优化策略, 以解决当前无线网络通信系统资源优化调度过程中存在的问题. 首先建立无线网络通信系统的信道模型, 通过自适应遗传算法确定合理的频谱系数; 然后根据比例公平算法计算调度优先级, 将无线网络通信系统的资源分配给用户, 并针对传统比例公平算法的不足进行改进; 最后在MATLAB 2016平台上对无线网络通信系统的性能进行分析. 结果表明, 该策略可更好地保证用户使用资源的公平性, 提升了无线网络通信系统的吞吐量, 改善了无线网络通信系统的资源利用率.     

汽车工业领域中蓝牙网关的设计与实现

近些年来蓝牙技术（bluetooth）已经广泛地应用在各个领域，不仅包括个人消费领域，如通信、计算机、数字照相机、家用电器等热门产品，而且还大量地应用在工业生产和服务等行业中，如汽车、玩具等传统产品．本文提出了一种用于汽车工业领域的蓝牙网关解决方案，为用户提供了无线访问控制器局域网（controller area network，CAN）的新方法，实现了蓝牙到CAN总线的无线连接，并根据蓝牙系统的传输时延和传输速率估计了该蓝牙-CAN网关的吞吐率．     

一种基于竞标机制的异构无线网络选择模型

异构无线接入网络选择问题是下一代无线网络关键技术之一,也是多网融合的基础。本文在讨论市场竞标机制的基础上,总结了异构网络选择准则,设计了基于竞标机制的异构无线网络选择模型和竞标机制,仿真结果表明其具有好的网络选择效果。用户偏好和运营商的价格管理策略能有效地作用在异构无线网络选择中。     

ZigBee无线传感器网络管理的研究与设计

采用基于802.15.4/ZigBee的无线传感器网络技术及ARM嵌入式技术,结合简单网络管理协议在传统网络管理上的优势,将无线传感器网络集成到现有网络中来,设计并实现对ZigBee无线传感器网络的管理.实验结果表明,基于简单网络管理协议的无线传感器网络管理方案可以有效地对无线网络终端的数据进行实时采集和监控,达到对无...