溢油及化学品泄漏预警平台开发研究

基于非静压假设建立了三维潮流及可溶性物质扩散数学模型,在水动力数值模拟基础上,以粒子法预测溢油扩散过程,针对模拟计算结果实现了对流场、污染物及油膜扩散的可视化,建立了图形化界面的预警平台。通过在南港实际工程中的应用,证明平台开发的成功及实用性。     

SLAB View在化学事故应急救援中的应用研究

本文对SLAB模型及SLAB View软件在化学泄漏事故应急救援中的应用进行了分析讨论,以江苏淮安段＂3.29＂液氯泄漏事故为例,对危险化学品的扩散过程及危害范围进行了模拟研究。     

船运散装液体化学品溢漏扩散形式的研究

根据船运液体化学品的性质及其介质因素,将其溢漏后主要运动形式分成五类,给出部分扩散形式一般数学模型。为船运散装液体化学品溢漏事故应急及处理损害赔偿事务提供依据。     

典型气象条件筛选及其在危险化学品事故泄漏大气污染预案管理中的应用

依据影响大气污染扩散的主要气象参数,选用两个独立变量,即风速、地面气温以及一个综合变量:大气稳定度为主要依据,采用5年常规气象资料,筛选和确定研究区域15类典型气象条件.采用扩散模型、火灾爆炸模型模拟计算3个风险源6个事故案例在不同典型气象条件下对周边人员的伤害半径.并将计算结果编制成事故风险档案库,成为危险化学品事故泄漏大气污染预案的重要组成部分.这将有利于决策者在发生事故时,快速获取各种事故情景人员伤害范围的初步信息,在第一时间为应急决策提供重要的参考数据.     

基于BP神经网络的储罐区危险源动态分级研究

天津某码头储罐区储存苯、苯乙烯、丙酮等25种危险化学品,大部分危险化学品都具有易燃易爆的特性甚至具有不同程度的毒性,因此,加强储罐区危险源分级管理很有必要.通过采用池火灾模型、蒸气云爆炸模型、高斯扩散模型、ICI/MOND模型对该区域进行工艺及事故后果模拟,结合matlab计算出16种事故后果指标,归一化处理后,放入神经网络工具箱(nntool)中进行训练,将不同时段测试数据代入到训练好的网络中,得到危险源动态分级结果.在此基础上,提出管理措施,为预防重大事故的发生提供了技术支持.通过实例分析,模拟仿真结果,表明利用matlab设计出的危险源动态分级系统,可以及时有效的实现石化码头危险源动态分级.     

让城市更安全 让生活更美好——湖南省全面启动城市工业灾害防治工作

针对当前生产安全事故多发领域由矿山向危险化学品、消防火灾、建筑施工、道路交通等多领域扩散，事故多发区域由重点矿区向广大城乡特别是公众场所蔓延，事故受害群体由产业工人向普通百姓波及的新特点，8月19日，湖南省人民政府召开全省电视电话会议，统一部署在全省范围内启动城市工业灾害防治工作。     

让城市更安全 让生活更美好——湖南省全面启动城市工业灾害防治工作

针对当前生产安全事故多发领域由矿山向危险化学品、消防火灾、建筑施工、道路交通等多领域扩散，事故多发区域由重点矿区向广大城乡特别是公众场所蔓延，事故受害群体由产业工人向普通百姓波及的新特点，8月19日，湖南省人民政府召开全省电视电话会议，统一部署在全省范围内启动城市工业灾害防治工作。     

湖南省全面启动城市工业灾害防治工作

针对当前生产安全事故多发领域由矿山向危险化学品、消防火灾、建筑施工、道路交通等多领域扩散,事故多发区域由重点矿区向广大城乡特别是公众场所蔓延,事故受害群体由产业工人向普通百姓波及的新特点,8月19日,湖南省人民政府召开全省电视电话会议,统一部署在全省范围内启动城市工业灾害防治工作。     

正挑丁坝附近可溶性危险化学品扩散示踪试验

利用水槽试验台在不同泄漏位置及不同长度丁坝情况下完成可溶性危险化学品泄漏扩散示踪试验,获得泄漏源位置和丁坝长度改变时正挑丁坝周围水流流态及可溶性危险化学品浓度分布特性.通过分析水槽试验数据得到不同条件下丁坝附近水流流态及示踪剂浓度的变化规律:不同试验条件下丁坝下游受到影响的水域范围不同,但丁坝产生的回流区的形态基本相似,而丁坝上游受丁坝影响的水域仅在丁坝附近的一段区域内,故泄漏源的横向位置的改变对回流区内可溶性危险化学品的浓度影响比较大;此外,丁坝长度对回流区范围的大小影响很大,丁坝越长所产生的回流区的范围越大.     

永州市：迅速启动城市工业灾害防治工作

当前,安全生产工作面临新情况新挑战,事故多发领域正由矿山向危险化学品、消防火灾等多领域扩散,事故多发区域正由重点矿区向广大城乡特别是公共场所蔓延。今年年初,省委书记周强、省长徐守盛作出批示,要求全省各级各部门把城市工业灾害防治作为实施＂四化两型＂战略、加速推进新型工业化和城市化特殊历史时期安全生产工作的重要内容来抓。8...     

Improving the structure of multiple dimension turbo codes using multiple identical component encoders

In this paper,we propose an improved structure for M-dimension ( M ≥ 2)turbo codes using M identical component encoders. The presented structure only applies single recursive convolutional encoder to encode M interleaved versions of infor-mation sequence and single tail sequence to operate termination. For the commonly used two-dimension (M = 2) turbo codes,two cascade soft input soft output (SISO) decoders are detailed to de-code the corresponding codes. With the two cascade SISO decod-ers,this coding structure obviously outperforms traditional turbo codes at high code rates,especially,about 0.3 dB gain can be ob-tained at code rate 0.9 in additive white Gaussian noise channel with quadrature phase shift keying modulation. This makes the proposed coding structure very attractive for future radio commu-nication systems with high throughput requirements.     

基于深海锚系潜标的潮汐特征计算方法

针对深海潮汐特征难以获取的困难,基于深海锚系潜标压力传感器所测资料,利用线性近似的方法,建立了海面水位变化计算模型,并对该模型进行计算误差分析,提供了模型计算精度判别方法。基于该模型,利用南海中部海区深海锚系实测压力资料获取了锚系点的海面水位数据,并采用T-TIDE潮汐调和分析函数处理水位数据,获取了该海区的潮汐调和常数,对该海区的潮汐特征进行了验证与分析。所得潮汐类型为不规则日潮,主要(半)日分潮K1、O1、M2的振幅和迟角,均与前人利用卫星高度计资料和数值模拟分析结果基本一致。     

钦州湾海上溢油扩散数值模拟

【目的】研究钦州湾海上溢油扩散特征及其影响因素。【方法】在对钦州湾水动力进行数值模拟的基础上,利用MIKE 21/3SA溢油分析模块,对其海上溢油扩散进行数值模拟。【结果】常风况条件下,涨潮时刻发生溢油,溢油先向茅尾海方向漂移,待落潮后退出茅尾海;计算时段内,溢油向茅尾海方向及钦州湾外湾方向漂移的最远距离分别约为17.51km和10.73km,扫海面积约为71.83km~2。落潮时刻发生溢油,溢油则先向钦州湾外湾漂移,待涨潮后转向钦州湾湾颈方向;计算时段内,油膜向钦州湾外湾方向漂移最远距离约17.96km,油污扫海面积约为50.72km~2。【结论】钦州湾溢油漂移扩散特征与溢油发生时刻及风作用密切相关,溢油时刻及风作用对钦州湾溢油漂移扩散的影响不容忽视。     

Study on stable and meta-stable carbides in a high speed steel for rollers during tempering processes

A high speed steel (HSS) was studied for rollers in this work. The steel was quenched at 1150℃ and tempered at 520℃. The phase structures of the steel were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the hardness of specimens was measured. The volume fraction of carbides was counted by Image-Pro Plus software. The typical microstructures were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Stable and meta-stable carbides were deduced by removing the existing phases one by one in the Fe-C equilibrium calculation. It is found that the precipitated carbides are bulk-like MC, long stripe-like M₂C, fishbone-like M₆C, and daisy-like M₇C₃ during the tempering process. The stable carbides are MC and M₆C, but the meta-stable ones are M₂C, M₇C₃, and M₃C.     

CW2M3分泌新型淀粉酶的最适条件及酶的应用条件

从原筛选的产酶菌株CW₂出发， 经多次紫外诱变、 初筛和复筛后， 获得了变异菌株CW₂M₃， 其产酶水平为原菌株的332.7％， 且具有良好的遗传稳定性. 薄层层析证明，CW₂M₃分泌的新型淀粉酶能有效地催化淀粉降解产生异麦芽低聚糖， 产物主要包括异麦芽糖、 潘糖、 异麦芽三糖等. 用正交法结合薄层层析法确定了各因素对CW₂M₃产酶水平的影响， 结果表明， 培养温度是显著因素，CW₂M₃的最适产酶条件为： 用牛肉膏培养基（牛肉膏0.7%、 蛋白胨0.7%、 NaCl 0.5%、 pH 7.0）培养， 温度40 ℃， 时间12　h. 用该酶催化淀粉转化为异麦芽低聚糖时， 酶促反应时间和温度均是显著影响因素， 酶催化淀粉降解的最适条件为: 温度65 ℃， 酶促反应1.0　h， 体系pH为7.0.     

海底沉船溢油轨迹及溢油速度数值模拟

为探索溢油在海底水环境中的运动规律及溢出速度与溢出量的变化趋势,采用流体体积法(VOF)追踪自由界面,以FLUENT为计算平台,建立二维海底沉船溢油模型,动态模拟海底溢油漂移扩散变化的全过程.结果表明,海底沉船溢油初期溢出物为空气与油混合物,溢出速度在瞬间达到最大值后出现波动;溢油后期的溢出物为油与水的混合物,溢油速度趋于0;溢油量随着时间的推移逐渐增加,但增加幅度逐渐减小.将模拟结果与相关实验结果对比可知,实验现象与数值模拟结果相符,该二维海底沉船溢油模型具有可行性.     

In situ reaction mechanism of MgAlON in Al-Al2O3-MgO composites at 1700℃ under flowing N2

The Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites with added aluminum contents of approximately 0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%, named as M₁, M₂, and M₃, respectively, were prepared at 1700℃ for 5 h under a flowing N₂ atmosphere using the reaction sintering method. After sintering, the Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that specimen M₁ was composed of MgO and MgAl₂O₄. Compared with specimen M₁, specimens M₂ and M₃ possessed MgAlON, and its production increased with increasing aluminum addition. Under an N₂ atmosphere, MgO, Al₂O₃, and Al in the matrix of specimens M₂ and M₃ reacted to form MgAlON and AlN-polytypoids, which combined the particles and the matrix together and imparted the Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites with a dense structure. The mechanism of MgAlON synthesis is described as follows. Under an N₂ atmosphere, the partial pressure of oxygen is quite low; thus, when the Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites were soaked at 580℃ for an extended period, aluminum metal was transformed into AlN. With increasing temperature, Al₂O₃ diffused into AlN crystal lattices and formed AlN-polytypoids; however, MgO reacted with Al₂O₃ to form MgAl₂O₄. When the temperature was greater than (1640 ±10)℃, AlN diffused into Al₂O₃ and formed spinel-structured AlON. In situ MgAlON was acquired through a solid-solution reaction between AlON and MgAl₂O₄ at high temperatures because of their similar spinel structures.     

Magnetic properties of heteropolyoxometalates

The progress of the study on the magnetic properties of heteropolyoxometalates during the late decade is reviewed. Some anions of heteropolyoxometalates containing magnetic atoms, such as [M4(H2O)4(PW9O34)2]10- and[M4(H2O)4(P2W15O56)2]16-[M = Co(Ⅱ), Zn( Ⅱ ), Cu( Ⅱ ), Mn(Ⅱ ), Ni(Ⅱ)], and [GaW9O37M3(H2O)3]n-[M = Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ)] showed ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties. The combination of heteropoly anions and organic π-donor of TTF+ (te-trathiofulvalene cation) results in a variety of magnetic properties. Furthermore, there is an interaction between the inorganic and organic components. The electrocrystallization technique can prepare the organic-inorganic salts of this kind, which will become the new member of molecular magnetic materials. Heteropoly blue is a kind of the mixed-valence complexes and its reduction electrons can be delocalized over anionic framework. The further study on the magnetic properties of heteropolyoxometalates will provide important information for the design of molecular materials.     

应用正交试验法的RHT模型参数敏感性研究

基于RHT模型的理论分析,选出A、N、B、M、B_Q、f_s/f_c、T_ten、D₁和E_f,min 9个参数作为正交试验分析参数,研究RHT模型中参数的敏感性.运用Autodyn程序对弹丸侵彻混凝土过程进行数值分析,确定了不同参数、不同水平值下弹丸的侵彻深度.采用极差分析法对参数的敏感程度进行量化分析,得出9个参数的敏感性排序为B > E_f,min > T_ten > f_s/f_c > N > M > D₁ > B_Q > A.结合3组典型数值试验损伤云图和侵彻深度的对比分析,认为参数B、E_f,min和T_ten对数值模拟试验结果的影响极大,应采取可靠的技术手段准确确定其取值.      

Slip model for the 2011 M_w 9.0 Sendai （Japan） earthquake and its M_w 7.9 aftershock derived from GPS data

Using GPS-measured coseismic and post-seismic displacements for the 8 h following the M w 9.0 Sendai earthquake of March 11, 2011, coseismic and post-seismic fault slip models were developed based on a layered crustal model. The geodetic moment magnitude of the main shock was measured as approximately M w 8.98. The slip exhibits clear reverse characteristics, with a maximum near the hypocenter, and a magnitude of about 23.3 m. Some strike-slip behavior may occur on the two sides of the peak rupture zone. Almost 90% of the seismic moments released by the main shock occurred at depths less than 40 km. The energy released by the fault slip in the 8 h following the main shock is approximately equal to an earthquake of M w 8.13. With a maximum of ~1.5 m, the post-seismic slip was concentrated in the southwestern part of the coseismic rupture fault, which agrees well with the location and behavior of the M w 7.9 aftershock. This implies that the post-seismic deformation in the 8 h after the main shock was mainly induced by the M w 7.9 aftershock. In addition, a post-seismic slip of 0.2-0.4 m was observed at the down-dip extension of the coseismic rupture, which may have been caused by the effect of after-slip during this period.