ITO/Si(n)异质结构的侧向光伏效应研究

本文报道了由磁控溅射技术在n型单晶Si衬底上制备不同厚度ITO异质结构的侧向光伏效应.通过不同波长和不同功率激光照射下侧向光电压的研究发现,ITO/Si(n)异质结构的位置灵敏度随着激光功率和波长增加而增大,该结果归因于光激发电子-空穴对的数量在相同波长下正比于激光功率,并且在相同功率下正比于激光波长;另外,侧向光伏效应强烈依赖于ITO薄膜的厚度,随着薄膜厚度的增加,侧向光电压和非线性度均呈指数下降,这主要是由于ITO薄膜电阻率减小诱导的表面扩散长度增加所致.我们的研究结果表明,通过合理控制ITO薄膜厚度可以得到灵敏度较高且线性度较好的侧向光电压,有望实现ITO/Si(n)异质结构在位置灵敏探测器领域的潜在应用.     

Bi2Se3/MoS2异质结的光学性质

对单层MoS₂与纳米级别厚度的Bi₂Se₃薄片进行组合构建超薄异质结,利用HR-Evolution显微共聚焦拉曼光谱系统,结合反射、拉曼和荧光光谱学测试技术,对Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂异质结中的激子发光、异质结中的界间相互作用和电荷转移等行为进行了深入而系统的研究.首先,利用干法转移技术将不同厚度的Bi₂Se₃薄片转移到CVD生长的单层MoS₂上构建Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂异质结.然后,利用反射光谱和拉曼光谱技术探测异质结的平整度和界面耦合质量,表明异质结的2种材料发生堆叠后具有良好的平整度,按照不同厚度对白光保留着良好的透光性;2种材料堆叠时没有引入附加应力,形成的异质结具有良好的界面耦合质量.最后,通过对异质结的荧光光谱研究发现下层母体材料MoS₂的A、B激子峰的发光效率大大减弱,同时它们的发光波长随着上层Bi₂Se₃薄片的厚度增加逐渐减小,半高宽随着上层Bi₂Se₃薄片的厚度增加逐渐变窄,这说明电子传递到Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂界面后发生退激发,使得MoS₂的发光发生明显猝灭,而且该结果可能还包括异质结的电子能带结构变化导致电荷发生重新分布的的更深层次原因.该研究对新型光电子器件的设计和应用具有一定的意义和指导作用.     

瞬态热冲击下热电材料梁的温度场及热应力分析

基于热电材料特性,通过热电平衡方程和本构方程,得出热电材料梁瞬态模型的控制方程.采用分离变量法结合模型的初始条件和边界条件求出热电材料梁的非线性瞬态温度场,根据热应力理论分析求出瞬态热应力场,利用数学软件MATLAB给出了热电材料梁的呈抛物线分布的瞬态温度场和瞬态热应力场的特性曲线,研究了热冲击载荷下的热电材料梁在热电耦合环境中的热应力分析.讨论了不同时刻温度场和应力场随厚度的变化,以及对比p型和n型Bi₂Te₃热电材料梁热应力特性曲线.结果表明:瞬态温度场受其瞬态项的影响随厚度增加有增有减;瞬态温度场和瞬态热应力场随时间的增加最终趋于稳态不再随时间变化;趋于稳态后的Bi₂Te₃热电材料梁的热应力最值大于瞬态下的热应力最值;p型Bi₂Te₃热电材料梁的热应力总是大于n型Bi₂Te₃热电材料梁的热应力.     

Bi2(Se0.53Te0.47)3纳米线的制备及其圆偏振光致电流效应

采用化学气相沉积法制备Bi₂(Se_0.53Te_0.47)₃纳米线,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪对其进行表征,并研究样品的圆偏振光致电流效应(circular photogalvanic effect, CPGE).利用1 064 nm激光激发,分别测试激光入射面垂直于纳米线和平行于纳米线时的CPGE电流.实验结果表明,测得的CPGE电流主要来自纳米线的拓扑表面态.激光垂直入射纳米线时的CPGE电流不为0,说明CPGE电流来源于纳米线能带的六角翘曲效应.本研究测得的Bi₂(Se_0.53Te_0.47)₃纳米线的CPGE电流比文献报导的Bi₂(Te_0.23Se_0.77)₃纳米线增大2倍以上,这是因为Te组分的增加不但使得费米能级更加靠近狄拉克点,还降低了纳米线中载流子复合的概率,二者共同作用,使得CPGE电流增大.     

具有花状形貌LuxBi2-xTe3合金的制备及性能

Bi₂Te₃基材料在室温附近具有良好的热电性能,通过掺杂和纳米技术可以提高Bi₂Te₃基热电材料的热电性能,其主要由热电优值(ZT)决定.本文通过水热法成功制备了具有纳米花形貌的LuxBi_2-xTe₃粉体,并对制备的纳米粉体分别进行XRD和SEM表征,讨论了Lu元素掺杂和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)用量对LuxBi_2-xTe₃纳米花粉体形貌的影响,结果表明:Lu元素掺杂不利于纳米花形貌的形成,而EDTA用量的合适选取对于纳米花形貌的形成起着至关重要的作用.接着采用热压法将LuxBi_2-xTe₃纳米花粉体压制成致密块体,讨论了Lu元素掺杂对LuxBi_2-xTe₃块体热电性能的影响,结果表明:Lu掺杂和纳米花形貌有利于提高样品的功率因子同时保持较低的热导率,从而可以达到较高的ZT值;Lu_0.2Bi_1.8Te₃样品和Lu_0.25Bi_1.75Te₃样品的ZT值均高于区域熔炼商用Bi₂Te₃块体的值,并且Lu_0.25Bi_1.75Te₃样品的ZT值在测温范围内均高于1,其ZT值在473 K时达到了1.14,高于其他相关报道的n型块体的值.这一研究为提高Bi₂Te₃基合金热电材料的热电性能提供了一个新的途径.     

Microstructure and phase composition of hypoeutectic Te–Bi alloy as evaporation source for photoelectric cathode

A hypoeutectic 60Te–40Bi alloy in mass percent was designed as a tellurium atom evaporation source instead of pure tellurium for an ultraviolet detection photocathode. The alloy was prepared by slow solidification at about 10-2 K·s-1. The microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, and crystallographic orientation of each phase in the as-prepared alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results suggest that the as-prepared 60Te–40Bi alloy consists of primary Bi₂Te₃ and eutectic Bi₂Te₃/Te phases. The primary Bi₂Te₃ phase has the characteristics of faceted growth. The eutectic Bi₂Te₃ phase is encased by the eutectic Te phase in the eutectic structure. The purity of the eutectic Te phase reaches 100wt% owing to the slow solidification. In the eutectic phases, the crystallographic orientation relationship between Bi₂Te₃ and Te is confirmed as [0001]_Bi2Te3//[1213]_Te and the direction of Te phase parallel to [1120]_Bi2Te3 is deviated by 18° from N(2111)_Te.     

硅基纳米金属光刻蚀结构的侧向光伏效应

研究目的是探索半导体异质结构下的新型光电效应,为位置灵敏传感器的设计提供新思路.利用磁控溅射镀膜技术在P型硅基衬底上生长N型Cr金属薄膜,从而得到Cr/SiO/Si的硅基纳米金属异质结构.使用纳米光刻蚀技术在金属层上按照设计的条纹图形进行光刻蚀加工,得到硅基纳米金属光刻蚀结构.在对结构进行I-V特性测量的过程中发现侧向光伏效应.使用635nm,功率5mW激光器时,其侧向光伏效应的最大灵敏度为4.844mV·mm-1,并且线性度较好.     

Bi2WO6-Cu2S复合材料的制备及其有机物降解应用

针对传统光催化剂可见光利用率低下以及体相/界面光生电子-空穴复合严重难题,利用水热法制备二维结构的Bi₂WO₆纳米片,为进一步改善光吸收,基于能级匹配原则,通过水热法在二维Bi₂WO₆纳米片表面原位生长Cu₂S构建Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S异质结,基于二维Bi₂WO₆纳米片优良的压电性能以及Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S异质结良好的光吸收及载流子传输性能,构建光-电-压电三种效应协同催化体系,探索最优降解实验条件,并成功用于水中罗丹明B的降解中。结果表明在光-电-压电效应协同作用下,设计的Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S对罗丹明B的降解率在40 min内达到87%,为利用光电催化和压电催化的协同作用设计独特的异质结结构开辟了一条新途径。     

不同衬底材料的ZnO／Si异质结I-V及光电特性

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术和微电子平面工艺,用不同表面掺杂的Si作为衬底制备了ZnO/Si异质结,并且以p-Si(p-)为衬底制备了ZnO(含Mn0.2%)/Si异质结、包含SiC缓冲层的ZnO/SiC/Si和ZnO(含Mn0.2%)/SiC/Si结构,测试了样品的XRD曲线、I-V特性曲线和P-E(光电响应)特性曲线.结果发现ZnO/n-Si结有很低的反向暗电流,SiC缓冲层能提高反向击穿电压,ZnO/p-Si(p )异质结能有较强的光电响应,ZnO/n-Si(n-)更适合作为大波段区间的光探测器.还发现波长470,480,490nm处类似于声子伴线的光谱结构.     

不同衬底材料的ZnO/Si异质结Ⅰ-Ⅴ及光电特性

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术和微电子平面工艺,用不同表面掺杂的Si作为衬底制备了ZnO/Si异质结,并且以p-Si(p-)为衬底制备了ZnO(含Mn 0.2%)/Si异质结、包含SiC缓冲层的ZnO/SiC/Si和ZnO(含Mn 0.2%)/SiC/Si结构,测试了样品的XRD曲线、I-V特性曲线和P-E(光电响应)特性曲线.结果发现ZnO/n-Si结有很低的反向暗电流,SiC缓冲层能提高反向击穿电压,ZnO/p-Si(p+)异质结能有较强的光电响应,ZnO/ n-Si(n-)更适合作为大波段区间的光探测器.还发现波长470,480,490 nm处类似于声子伴线的光谱结构.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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