环境约束可重构机械臂模块化力/位置控制

针对受环境约束的可重构机械臂系统,提出了一种自适应神经网络模块化力/位置控制方法.利用雅克比矩阵将机械臂末端与环境接触力映射到各关节,将系统动力学模型描述成一组通过耦合力矩相关联的子系统集合,通过控制各子系统的位置和力矩来达到控制末端执行器位置和接触力的目的.利用神经网络估计可重构机械臂系统的非线性项和交联项,通过自适应更新律在线估计神经网络权值函数,并引入滑模控制项补偿估计误差,从而保证闭环系统渐近稳定.最后,在不改变控制器参数的条件下对2个不同构形的2自由度可重构机械臂进行数值仿真,结果验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

无末端力传感器的可重构机械臂分散力控制

针对存在关节摩擦和外扰的可重构机械臂系统在受限空间内的力控制问题,提出一种无需使用力传感器即可同时控制受限空间内机械臂力和位置的分散阻抗内环/力外环控制方案.采用模糊系统逼近机械臂系统中的不确定项及子系统间的耦合关联项,通过基于模糊预测的力外环控制器为内环的阻抗控制器提供参考轨迹,并利用模糊系统逼近实际的接触力.该方案为没有力传感器情况下的可重构机械臂的力控制提供了一种可能的解决方案,且模糊预测调节参考轨迹的阻抗内环控制使机械臂具有一定的柔顺性,能较好地实现机械臂由自由空间向受限空间的过渡.通过对2自由度平面机械臂和3自由度机械臂的仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

两级升降多自由度机械臂设计及运动学

针对目前航空发动机主泵装配主要靠人力搬运这一问题,设计了一种结构为二级升降多自由度机械臂安装设备,该系统采用两级升降多自由度升降机械臂虚拟建模,通过机器人自动化水平的搬移和装配,不仅简化了重体力人工装配,降低了操作者的劳动强度,还提高了搬移和装配质量和生产效率.通过Pro/E虚拟建模技术验证了设计的可行性.该系统建立的二级升降多自由度机械臂的动力学模型,为进一步研究可提供理论依据.     

人机协作下机械臂动态避障与避奇异研究

针对人和机械臂在同一空间下协同工作时,机械臂的运动可能对人造成伤害这一问题,提出一种基于机械臂关节速度空间的动态避障与避奇异算法.该算法对机械臂的奇异性进行量化分析,采用最小阻尼二乘法实现机械臂的避奇异操作.同时融合人工势场的思想,借助机械臂的非完整雅可比矩阵,实现机械臂对人及自身的实时动态避障.最后在仿真和实际机械臂上进行实验,实验结果表明:该算法可以实时地对环境中的动态行人进行主动避障同时避开机械臂的奇异点,保证人机协作过程中操作人员的安全.     

基于Kinect的机器人臂手系统的目标抓取

为了实现机器人臂手系统的目标抓取, 采用Kinect对目标信息进行实时检测. 首先,采用张正友棋盘标定法完成对Kinect内外参数的标定. 其次, 利用深度信息进行深度分割, 滤除大部分干扰背景, 再通过颜色与形状特征实现目标的识别与定位. 将识别对象的3维坐标通过以太网发送至机械臂控制台, 随后机械臂移动至目标位置. 最后采用变积分PID算法控制灵巧手接触力, 保证响应的快速性及精密性, 实现灵巧手的精细抓取. 通过设计一套完整的实验系统验证了该方法的有效性.     

智能识别光频搬运物料小车的设计与制作

该文以stm32f103为核心芯片,设计了一种智能物料搬运小车。小车利用TCRT5000红外接收管接收闪烁的红外光,根据不同的光频令机械臂做出对应的装料动作,之后通过灰度传感器识别路径,循迹到达目标地点后令机械臂执行放料动作。装料与放料过程中,通过Open mv识别物料颜色位置是否变化来判断是否装料放料成功。实验结果表明,小车运行过程中系统稳定,实现了预期的循迹、物料搬运、光频识别及色块识别等功能。     

轮式水下焊接机器人及其运动学分析

针对深水环境中大型构件的自动化焊接问题,设计了一种全位置水下焊接机器人.该机器人采用磁轮式移动平台与4轴旋转机械臂相结合的机构形式,平台通过磁轮吸附在构件表面,以实现大范围的移动,4轴旋转机械臂的姿态变换可实现全位置焊接.为完成预定轨迹的焊接操作,对移动平台与旋转机械臂进行运动学建模,得到平台与各关节的运动学参数.利用机械系统动力学建模对上述运动学参数进行仿真和实验操作,验证了轨迹精度满足要求.     

欠驱动单机械臂的运动学研究

本文以平面内转动关节连接的单机械臂为研究对象,针对其运动学以及单臂的控制原理进行研究.首先利用机器人数学基础,推导出单臂机器人的运动学递推方程,讨论了其正运动学变化矩阵以及求解雅克比矩阵.然后,以单臂3R欠驱动机械臂为研究对象,对其位置控制进行研究,提出了一种分阶段控制欠驱动机械臂的新方法.控制目的为实现操作臂末端点到达目标位置,由此实现了平面内3自由度欠驱动机械臂的位置控制.     

基于Arduino的家用搬运机器人设计

随着社会的发展,家居老人越来越多,行动不便者已日益突显,针对家居环境中物体难以搬运的问题,设计了一款基于Arduino的家用搬运机器人。首先,依据系统预实现的功能,选择合理的芯片,确定系统的总体设计方案;其次,通过软硬件的结合,利用Arduino作为主控制系统,结合蓝牙通讯技术、机械臂、光伏充电技术等实现了机器人的远程控制,即可通过遥控设备将物品搬运到指定地点,机械臂可完成360°无死角选择并抓取物品,同时系统可进行太阳能自我供给电能;最终通过舵机角度调试、机械臂调试、电源调试、组装调试和软件调试等说明系统具有无线控制功能和良好的控制精度。     

空间机械臂冲击动力学建模及冲击后运动控制

通过对漂浮基空间机械臂冲击动力学的建模,计算出完成抓取操作后空间机械臂各关节的运动速度,从而为数值仿真计算提供初始条件.针对目标物体及空间机械臂系统惯性参数存在未知的情况,设计了冲击后空间机械臂及目标物体组合系统的载体姿态及关节运动滑模神经网络控制,并对平面自由漂浮空间机械臂系统抓取目标物体的操作及冲击后控制进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明,空间机械臂抓取目标物体时的冲击对系统有重大的影响,所设计的控制方案可保证系统对期望运动的追踪.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with