THE CONTINUITY OF THE CARATHEODORY OPERATOR

Let X be a set of points on which a completely additive measure is given. Lot F(x.y) be a real-valued function which is defined for every point xeX and for every real number y and satisfies the Caratheodory conditions: F(x, y) is continuous in y for almost every x, and measurable in x for every y. It was proved by B. B. that the operator F defined by the equationis continuous in the space of the measurable functions on X. It was recently proved by M. A. that, if the given measure is continuous, the operator F, whenever it transforms the whole space If into Lq(1≤p,q<+∞) is continuous and baunded.     

Numerical study of threshold gain behavior for a THz random laser in a two-dimensional active disordered medium with a three-level atomic system

By numerically solving Maxwell’s equations and rate equations in a two-dimensional (2D) active random media made of ruby grains with a three-level atomic system, the threshold gain behavior for a THz random laser is investigated. The spectral intensity variation with the pumping rate is calculated for both the transverse magnetic (TM) field and the transverse electric (TE) field. The computed results show that THz random lasing could occur in a 2D disordered medium for both the TM and TE cases. Further analysis reveals that the THz lasing threshold for TM fields is lower than that for TE fields.     

Robust Dissipative Control for Nonlinear System with Sector Input

Based on the quadratic supply rate, the problem of robust dissipative control for a class of uncertain nonlinear system with sector nonlinear input is discussed. The uncertainty is described by bounded norm. It is shown that the robust dissipative control problem can be resolved for all admissible uncertainty, if there exists a storage function such that Hamilton Jacobi inequality holds. When the uncertainties of the system satisfy the matching condition, and input function within the boundedness of the sector, the closed loop system will be stronger dissipativeness, and the controller which we obtained in the paper is more flexible, because it contains an adjustable parameter for some certain range.     

Stream Weight Training Based on MCE for Audio-Visual LVCSR

In this paper we address the problem of audio-visual speech recognition in the framework of the multi-stream hidden Markov model. Stream weight training based on minimum classification error criterion isdiscussed for use in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). We present the lattice rescoring and Viterbi approaches for calculating the loss function of continuous speech. The experimental results show that in the case of clean audio, the system performance can be improved by 36.1% in relative word error rate reduction when using state-based stream weights trained by a Viterbi approach, compared to an audio only speech recognition system. Further experimental results demonstrate that our audio-visual LVCSR system provides significant enhancement of robustness in noisy environments.     

Kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation during continuous reheating in low carbon microalloyed steel

A dilatometer was used to study the kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation in low carbon microalloyed steel with the initial microstructure of bainite during the continuous reheating process. The bainite-to-austenite transformation was observed to take place in two steps at low heating rate. The first step is the dissolution of bainite, and the second one is the remaining bainite-to-austenite transformation controlled by a dissolution process. The calculation result of the kinetics of austenite formation shows that the two steps occur by diffusion at low heating rate. However, at high heating rate the bainite-to-austenite transformation occurs in a single step, and the process is mainly dominated by shear. The growth rate of austenite reaches the maximum at about 835℃ at different heating rates and the growth rate of austenite as a function of temperature increases with the increase in heating rate.     

Mathematical Models of Logistics Decision in Slab Yard in an Iron and Steel Complex

The slab yard in a hot strip rolling mill is a key link and a buffer in the production system, which joins continuous rolling process and continuous casting process. There are a large quantity of operations of input and output in the slab yard. Throughout systematic analysis and research on the slab yard, the mathematical models of logistics decision for input, output and restorage operation are built. On the basis of these decision models, the management system for the slab yard is developed. Simulation application to Human Iron & Steel Complex of China shows that they are very effective.     

Relationship between microstate number and available entransy

Based on the relationship between entransy and microstate number, we discuss the variations of the available transport entransy, the unavailable transport entransy, the available conversion entransy and the unavailable conversion entransy with the microstate number. We focus on physical processes in which heat is used for heating/cooling or doing work. When heat is transported for heating or cooling, the available transport entransy increases if the increase in microstate number is due to the increase in internal energy of the system, and decreases if the increase in microstate number is due to spontaneous heat transfer. When heat is used to do work, both the available conversion entransy and the unavailable conversion entransy increase if the increase in microstate number relates to the growth in internal energy of the system. The available conversion entransy decreases and the unavailable conversion entransy increases if the increase in microstate number results from spontaneous heat transfer.     

Response of 210Pbex inventory to changes in soil erosion rates on uncultivated land

This analysis studies changes in the variation 210Pbex inventory in soil in response to soil erosion on uncultivated land.A model was created to fit the response of 210 Pb ex inventory to variations in soil erosion rates on uncultivated land using the principle of mass balance.By numerical simulation of the variation in the soil erosion rate in soil of uncultivated land,we prove:(1) past use of what has long been considered the best method of determining 210 Pb ex levels over the past 100 to 200 years is not scientifically accurate;(2) the model shows that variation in 210 Pb ex inventory as a function of time varies according to the index law after variation of soil erosion rates in uncultivated land is considered;and(3) the time needed for the variation in 210 Pb ex inventory to reach a steady-state is affected by changes in the rate of soil erosion and the quality and depth of relaxation in soil of uncultivated land.The results of this research can guide efforts to measure soil erosion rates.     

THE CONTINUITY OF THE YPbUCOH OPERATOR

1. Let X and Y be two sets of points on each of which a completely additive measure is given. Let K(x,y,u) be a real-valued function which is defined for every pair of points (x,y) ∈ (X,Y) and for every real number u, such that, for almost every point x∈X it satisfies the Caratheodory condition with respect to (y,u): K(x,y,u) is measurable in y for every u and continuous in u for almost every y. For every measurable function f(y), the functionKxf(y) = K(x,y,f(y))is measurable in y for almost every x. If this funetion is integrable with respect to y for almost every x, the value of the integral yields a function Kf:defined for almost every a∈ X. We call the functional operator K the operator generated by the function K(x,y,u).     

Solution of Portfolio Optimization under Constraints and with Higher Interest Rate for Borrowing

It is studied that the stochastic control problem of maxi-mizing expected utility from terminal wealth and/or con-sumption,when the portfolio is constrained to take val-ues in a given closed,convex subset of R,and in the pr-esence of a higher interest rate for borrowing.The set-ting is that of a continuous-time,Ito process model for the underlying asset prices.The existence of portfolio op-timization under constraints and with higher interest ratefor borrowing than for lending is discussed,and the so-lution for logarithmic utility function is presented.     

A probabilistic paradigm for handling uncertain objects in GIS by randomized graph algebra

Probability theory faces difficulties when it is applied to describing uncertain objects in geographic information system (GIS). This is mainly due to the fact that an object in GIS is normally described by a series of discrete vertexes. Modeling uncertainty objects should be therefore based on error of the composed vertexes. This type of model is normally complex and relatively difficult to implement because of many unknown factors, such as the number of vertexes of a polygon, error nature of each individual vertex and error correlation among the vertexes. In this paper, a probabilistic paradigm for handling uncertain objects in GIS by randomized graph algebra is presented. The theoretical basis for this paradigm is the randomized graph algebra-a probability theory for graph-which is newly proposed in this study. Classical probability theory is based on numerical algebra and is also an extension of numerical algebra by further defining probability density within a numerical domain. In the same token, this study begins with defining graph algebra as the basis for probability theory for graph. First, we adopt the theory of graph algebra and further refine the theory by defining the modulo operation for graph. As a result, a graph can thereafter be treated as a "number" and operated by "addition", "subtraction" and others. Second, we construct a measure space by generating sigma-algebra and defining measurable function upon it. The measure space becomes a probability space when the measurable function is a probability density function. Third, we propose the probabilistic paradigm for describing and inferring the uncertainty of geometric objects in GIS by applying the developed randomized graph algebra.     

A thermodynamic hypothesis regarding optimality principles for flow processes in geosystems

This paper proposes a new thermodynamic hypothesis that states that a nonlinear natural system that is not isolated and involves positive feedbacks tends to minimize its resistance to the flow process through it that is imposed by its environment. We demonstrate that the hypothesis is consistent with flow behavior in saturated and unsaturated porous media, river basins, and the Earth-atmosphere system. While optimization for flow processes has been previously discussed by a number of researchers in the literature, the unique contribution of this work is to indicate that only the driving process is subject to opti-mality when multiple flow processes are simultaneously involved in a system.     

Two-Level Cross-Talked Admission Control Mechanism for QoS Guarantee in 802.11e EDCA

This paper describes a two-level cross-talked admission control mechanism that guarantees quality of service （QoS） requirements for multimedia applications over wireless local area networks （WLANs）. An enhanced distributed channel access analytical model is used to compute the maximum number of admitted users according to the QoS requirements and the packet arrival characters. Then, some channel resources are reserved for handoff calls based on the maximum number of admitted users and the call-level traffic model. The channel utilization ratio is also measured to reflect the current system traffic load. The maximum number of admitted users and the channel utilization ratio are used for admission control for applications with QoS requirements in the call level and for rate control of best effort applications in the packet level using the p-nonacknowledgement scheme. Thus, the QoS requirements are statistically guaranteed while the system is efficiently utilized. Simulations validate the effectiveness of this mechanism to guarantee the QoS and bandwidth utilization.     

Dynamic System for Solving Saddle Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces and Its Application to Neural Computing

This paper studies the existence and uniqueness of solutions and the stability and convergence of a dynamic system for solving saddle point problems (SPP) in Hilbert spaces. The analysis first converts the SPP into a problem of searching for equilibriums of a dynamic system using a criterion for solutions of the SPP, then shows the existence and uniqueness of the solutions by creating a positive function whose Fréchet derivative is decreasing along any solution. The construction of positively invariant subsets gives the global stability and convergence of this dynamic system, that is, the dynamic system globally converges to some exact solution of the SPP. Finally, the paper also shows that the obtained results can be applied to neural computing for solving SPP.     

Upper bounds of differential characteristic probability for unbalanced Feistel network employing DSM

In this paper, for the unbalanced Feistel network which employs diffusion matrices in a switching way, we study the fixed number of its differential active S-boxes. Firstly we obtain some lower bounds of the differential active S-boxes for m, 2m and 3m rounds of Feistel structure, respectively. By concatenating these rounds, a fixed number of differential active S-boxes for arbitrary round number is derived. Our results imply that the unbalanced Feistel network using DSM is more secure than the traditional structure.     

Analysis of condenser venting rates based on the air mass entransy increases

Condenser thermal performances, such as the back pressure and venting rate, are strongly affected by the tube arrangement. Condensers have three irreversible pro- cesses for the fluid flow, heat transfer and mass diffusion. The condenser venting rate is studied here based on an air mass entransy analysis. The air mass entransy increment rate for the steam and air mixture on the condenser shell side is expressed as a function of the distributed air mass fraction and the steam condensation rate to define the relationship between the condenser venting rate and the flow parameters. Condensers with three typical tube arrangements were analyzed numerically using the porous medium model. The results show that a bigger venting rate always corresponds to a smaller air mass entransy incre- ment rate. The air mass entransy generally decreases in the air concentration region and increases in the air cooling region under the combined action of the air diffusion and steam condensation. The numerical results indicate that the air cooling region of a condenser should be carefully designed and the cooling tubes should be properly arranged to guide the steam flow so as to weaken air concentration, and consequently to decrease the venting rate.     

Feed-Forward-Like Decoupling Control in Coagulation Bath of Carbon Fiber Precursor

The coagulation bath system of carbon fiber precursor is a complicated and multivariable coupling system. Based on the model of industrial production, the full dynamic decoupling control of the coagulation bath system of carbon fiber precursor is achieved in combination with multivariable feed-forward-like decoupling and proportional-integral-differential （PID） control. Compared with the conventional PID decoupling control, the experiment results show that the proposed method has a better control effect. The use of the controller can achieve complete decoupling of three parameters from coagulation bath system. The method should have great applications.     

Genetic background of phenotypic variation

A noteworthy feature of the living world is its bewildering variability. A key issue in several biological disciplines is the achievement of an understanding of the hereditary basis of this variability. Two opposing, but not necessarily irreconcilable conceptions attempt to explain the underlying mechanism. The gene function paradigm postulates that phenotypic variance is generated by the polymorphism in the coding sequences of genes. However, comparisons of a great number of homologous gene and protein sequences have revealed that they predominantly remained functionally conserved even across distantly related phylogenic taxa. Alternatively, the gene regulation paradigm assumes that differences in the cis-regulatory region of genes do account for phenotype variation within species. An extension of this latter concept is that phenotypic variability is generated by the polymorphism in the overall gene expression profiles of gene networks. In other words, the activity of a particular gene is a system property determined both by the cis-regulatory sequences of the given genes and by the other genes of a gene network, whose expressions vary among individuals, too. Novel proponents of gene function paradigm claim that functional genetic variance within the coding sequences of regulatory genes is critical for the generation of morphological polymorphism. Note, however, that these developmental genes play direct regulatory roles in the control of gene expression.     

ON A SYSTEM OF AXIOMS FOR THE POSITIVE NUMBERS

We have proposed a system of axioms (Ⅰ-Ⅻ) for the positive numbers. [This journal, 2, 441-442 (1956). Axiom V there should b supplemented by the additional condition imposed on the positive number 1" such that 1/1= 1.] Here we establish the logical equivalence among this system and two others. The first is obtained from Ⅰ-Ⅻ by modifying Ⅴ and Ⅺ as follows.Ⅴ'. 1 is a positive number.Ⅺ'. If p is a positive number, then 1/p+1<1 and 1相似文献