共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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反身性是科学知识社会学所标榜的原则之一,但反身性的自我拒斥特性却使得科学知识社会学陷于反身性困境。原因何在?其源盖出于科学知识社会学的反身性之痛实际上是社会科学的科学化之痒——它仍然是沿用了传统科学观的一些先验预设(如实在、基础、恒在等)。而一些SSK学者在反思反身性难题、打破这些先验预设时(如马尔凯的新文体形式),却反向性地陷入了反身性的单向解构路径,从而走向虚无主义。要想彻底破解科学知识社会学反身性困境,为当下知识的合法性提供认识论基础,乃至使整个社会科学走出反身性怪圈,关键在于对反身性概念进行元反思,充分发掘其所蕴含的建设性意蕴。 相似文献
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实验与理论的关系问题,一直是科学哲学的重要话题.实验能否构成对理论的反驳,一个主要障碍是"迪昂-蒯因论点"对判决性实验的意见.本文以格伦鲍姆对迪昂-蒯因论点的逻辑反驳为导线,以宇称不守恒的实验分析为平台,力图展示:在具体的科学实践中,实验能够判决性地反驳理论. 相似文献
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黄金大米历经多年的研发和推广,其间绿色和平等组织或群体是不可忽视的反对力量。剖析这种科学共同体和非专业团体的对垒,可从多个视角,如绿和的反科学倾向、公众科学素养不足、科学传播效果不济等。但如果从一种具有自反性的角度来看,根源在于推广者针对黄金大米的社会表征:在对困顿状态的目视和问题化时,采取了一种原子主义立场;以黄金大米为代表的"增益性转基因"试图针对社会问题展开的矫正性行动,在表征的意义上是具有排他性的意指实践;黄金大米中国效用试验中科学与利益的不当嵌合,揭示出表征所固有的封闭性,加深了公众对这一科学产品和相关科研团体的不信任。 相似文献
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Yvon Gauthier 《Foundations of Science》2009,14(3):153-165
This paper aims at a logico-mathematical analysis of the concept of chaos from the point of view of a constructivist philosophy
of physics. The idea of an internal logic of chaos theory is meant as an alternative to a realist conception of chaos. A brief
historical overview of the theory of dynamical systems is provided in order to situate the philosophical problem in the context
of probability theory. A finitary probabilistic account of chaos amounts to the theory of measurement in the line of a quantum-theoretical
foundational perspective and the paper concludes on the non-classical internal logic of chaos theory. Finally, deterministic
chaos points to a philosophy which asserts that chaotic systems are no less measurable than other physical systems where predictable
and non–predictable phenomena intermingle in a constructive theory of measurement.
相似文献
Yvon GauthierEmail: |
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Massimiliano Badino 《Foundations of Science》2006,11(4):323-347
The foundation of statistical mechanics and the explanation of the success of its methods rest on the fact that the theoretical
values of physical quantities (phase averages) may be compared with the results of experimental measurements (infinite time
averages). In the 1930s, this problem, called the ergodic problem, was dealt with by ergodic theory that tried to resolve
the problem by making reference above all to considerations of a dynamic nature. In the present paper, this solution will
be analyzed first, highlighting the fact that its very general nature does not duly consider the specificities of the systems
of statistical mechanics. Second, Khinchin’s approach will be presented, that starting with more specific assumptions about
the nature of systems, achieves an asymptotic version of the result obtained with ergodic theory. Third, the statistical meaning
of Khinchin’s approach will be analyzed and a comparison between this and the point of view of ergodic theory is proposed.
It will be demonstrated that the difference consists principally of two different perspectives on the ergodic problem: that
of ergodic theory puts the state of equilibrium at the center, while Khinchin’s attempts to generalize the result to non-equilibrium
states. 相似文献
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本文探讨符号代数的传入与中西会通的结果,认为清代学者的反应与古代的知识传统有关。并指出,中国古代最出色的一些数学成果归功于自然之理,但是自然之理未能通向形式定义。由于无法中学为体,晚清学者拒绝了纯粹的形式系统。 相似文献
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技术创新的域、势、能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
技术创新是特定域内的一种科学和技术的涌现,这种涌现取决于技术创新所在域内的势与能,域是创新的根基,具有边界有形性、区隔性和分层性等特征;势是域内创新的事物充满张力的局态,体现为吸附性和凝聚性;能则是域内创新的事物所具有的潜在能量与动力,体现为动力本源性和持续性。国家或地区的技术创新通过一定的域,形成一定的势,对外吸附外在资源,对内聚集资源,最终以持续的技术创新来促进国家或地区的经济、文化、政治的跨越性发展。 相似文献