高瓦斯矿煤样非Darcy流的MTS渗透性试验

为了获得某高瓦斯矿煤岩非Darcy流渗透特性,从该矿采集煤样,制作成标准煤样.利用MTS815-02型岩石力学试验系统采用全程位移控制进行了全应力应变过程数控瞬态渗透法试验,计算出了在4MPa围压,15MPa/m孔压时,煤样在不同应变下非Darcy流渗透率、非Darcy流β因子、加速度系数及渗流稳定性指数,并给出了发生渗流失稳所需的压力梯度.研究表明:该煤样具有较强的脆性,在应变保持过程中表现出较大的松弛性能;在全应力应变过程中,该煤样的峰值应力前渗透率比较低,峰值应力后渗透率增大幅度很大;在应变增大过程中,煤样非Darcy流β因子几乎均为负值;煤样的渗流稳定性指数χ的负值只出现在峰值应力后.其渗流失稳灾害表现为瓦斯从煤岩体裂隙涌出甚至发生瓦斯喷出.图5,表1,参8.     

突出矿煤岩微孔隙特征及其渗透特性

从煤与瓦斯突出矿采集煤样,通过扫描电镜对其微结构和孔隙裂隙特征进行了观测。利用MTS815.02型岩石力学实验系统进行了3块标准煤样全应力应变过程的电液伺服试验,给出了主应力差、煤样渗透率、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数与轴向应变关系曲线。研究表明:该突出矿煤样结构不均一,以粒状、网状、片状结构为主,也可见到鳞片状和压扭性结构;在煤样破坏过程中,由于围压的作用,全应力应变过程中煤样的渗透率随着应变的增大而发生变化,但其变化不很显著;非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数趋势相同,非Darcy流β因子均为负值。     

利用瞬态法提取岩样非Darcy流渗透特性

建立了一种测定岩样非Darcy流渗透特性试验系统的动力学模型.基于岩样两端孔隙压差的时间序列,利用差分计算或曲线拟合得到渗流速度及其变化率的时间序列.通过线性回归,得到岩样的Forchheimer非Darcy流渗透特性,即渗透率、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数.试验结果表明,无论岩样处于峰前还是峰后应力状态,岩样中的渗流都不服从Darcy定律;当非Darcy流β因子为正时,非Darcy流的渗透率κ小于Darcy流的渗透率κD;渗透率(κ和κD)、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数可近似表示为应变的幂指数函数;三种渗透特性中的每两种整体上存在幂指数关系;在加载的初始阶段,由于孔隙和微裂隙的压缩和闭合,渗透率随应变减小,而非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数随应变增大;随后,由于裂隙的扩展,岩样的渗透率迅速增大,而非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数迅速减小,并在峰值应力附近达各自的极值;由于围压的作用,峰后应力状态下岩样的渗透特性随应变的变化缓慢.图3,参18.     

围压对峰后岩石非Darcy流渗透特性影响的试验研究

研究围压对峰后岩石非Darcy流渗透特性的影响对峰后岩石非Darcy渗流系统的失稳具有十分重要的意义.本文基于岩石渗透试验装置与MTS815.02岩石力学伺服试验系统,研究给出了峰后砂泥岩、灰岩、砂岩在不同围压下的非Darcy流渗透特性.以上试验研究表明,峰后岩石非Darcy流渗透率随着围压的增大而下降,其关系可近似用指数函数拟合;而峰后岩石非Darcy流β因子的绝对值随围压的增大呈增大趋势,其关系可近似用对数函数拟合.     

时变渗透特性的底板中水渗流过程分析

为了研究变渗透特性围岩中水渗流的稳定性,建立了一种渗透率、非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数按时间的反正切函数变化的渗流系统动力学模型.利用数值方法讨论了渗流速度的演化规律,论述了突水是否渗流失稳的表现.研究表明:由于非Darcy流β因子恒为正值,渗流系统总是稳定的;当渗透特性随时间变化时,渗流速度从一稳定值平滑地过渡到一新的稳定值,新的稳定值与原稳定值之比可以增大到几万至几百万倍,但是总是有限的;突水是岩层结构破裂引起的渗流速度快速或急剧变化,但渗流速度不可能无止境地增大,即渗流不可能失稳.用渗流失稳解释突水是不合理的.     

煤层原始含水率对煤与瓦斯突出危险程度的影响

运用自主研发的“含瓦斯煤热流固耦合三轴伺服渗流实验装置”,进行了恒定瓦斯压力和围压条件下,不同原始含水率含瓦斯煤样全应力应变瓦斯渗流试验,结合现场实测煤层注水前后瓦斯涌出量的变化规律。研究结果表明：随着煤样原始含水率的增加,煤样的三轴抗压强度减小,弹性模量减小,三轴抗压强度处轴向应变增大、横向应变和体积应变的绝对值增大;在全应力应变整个过程中,煤样的甲烷有效渗透率都减小。从煤的力学特性和瓦斯在煤层中流动两个方面分析了煤层注水的防突作用。煤层原始含水率越高,发生煤与瓦斯突出的危险性越小。可将煤层的原始含水率作为判断煤与瓦斯突出危险程度的一个重要指标。     

气体渗流系统的失稳及其概率应用

为研究煤体受采动作用后,其渗透特性的变化。采用一种专利装置与MTS815．02型岩石力学试验系统相结合,得到峰后煤样在各种应变下的渗透特性（渗透率和非Darcy流β因子）及统计指标（均值和均方差）。对煤矿瓦斯突出发生的概率进行计算和分析。试验研究表明。煤的渗透特性不是确定的,而是服从某种分布的随机变量,瓦斯突出是否发生具有随机性,随着煤体应变的增加,瓦斯突出发生的概率迅速增加。     

阶段性循环载荷对突出煤样渗透特性的影响

利用自行研制的“含瓦斯煤热流固耦合三轴伺服渗流系统”,进行固定瓦斯压力及不同围压和循环载荷情况下突出煤煤样变形渗透特性试验研究。结果表明：加载路径对煤样的力学特性影响显著,循环载荷试验和全应力应变曲线总体趋势相同,循环荷载作用下煤样的峰值应力比全应力应变的低;煤样在周期性循环荷载作用下的卸载应力应变曲线与加载应力应变曲线不相重合,形成封闭的滞回环。渗透率与煤样的损伤变形进程密切相关,在循环荷载下,渗透率在卸载过程中逐渐增大,加载过程中逐渐减小;卸载时渗透率应变曲线和加载时渗透率应变曲线会围成封闭环,与煤样的轴向应力应变封闭滞回环相对应,其所围面积随着围压和应力水平增加而减小。     

基于颗粒流理论的煤与瓦斯突出数值模拟研究

针对煤与瓦斯突出机理的复杂性,基于颗粒流离散元理论,利用PFC3D(particle flow code)软件对煤体进行340组单轴压缩及巴西劈裂试验,建立了煤体宏观参数与颗粒流数值模拟所需细观参数之间的关系。基于寺河矿煤样单轴压缩和抗拉物理实验的实测宏观参数,推算出模拟煤与瓦斯突出所需的细观参数。在PFC3D流固耦合理论的基础上,利用PFC模拟软件进行了煤与瓦斯突出的数值模拟,再现了煤体的堆积过程。研究表明:在突出准备阶段,煤壁深部瓦斯压力较高,突出孔洞附近瓦斯压力梯度较高;发动及发展阶段,平衡状态被破坏,形成口小腔大的突出孔洞,破坏范围由巷道高度的中间位置向顶底板处扩展;在突出过程中,工作面前方煤体靠近煤壁的暴露面处的最大主应力向量逐渐偏离垂直方向,且应力向量连线形成一个凸向煤壁深部的圆弧。     

温度对采动作用下含瓦斯原煤力学和变形的影响

以原煤为研究对象,利用"含瓦斯煤热流固耦合三轴伺服渗流实验装置",开展温度对采动作用下含瓦斯煤力学特性的影响研究.研究表明:1)在相同初始围压、气压和温度下,与恒定围压相比,卸围压煤样屈服段缩短,峰值应力和对应的轴向应变降低,横向应变速率增大,侧向膨胀系数和变形模量的演化进程加速;2)在相同初始围压和气压下,随温度升高,卸围压煤样强度降低,峰值应力处各应变均减小,侧向膨胀系数和变形模量均增大;3)高温环境下,煤岩发生失稳破坏和瓦斯突出的危险性变大,对采煤工作面巷道支护和瓦斯突出防治提出了更高的要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has