猪瘟病毒分子生物学诊断的研究进展

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病，严重危害我国养猪业。尽管中国很早就研制成功了猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗。但近年来猪瘟的流行和发病特点发生了很大的变化，很多地区和猪场不断出现非典型猪瘟、温和型猪瘟，给该病的诊断带来了困难。近年来，猪瘟病毒分子生物学诊断方法的研究进展迅速，为猪瘟的快速、准确诊断起到了重要的作用。从聚合酶链式反应技术、核酸探针技术、DNA芯片技术等方面对猪瘟病毒的分子生物学诊断方法进行了综述。     

ELISA 抗原检测与荧光 RT-PCR快速诊断猪瘟的比较研究

为找出临床上猪瘟快速、有效的诊断方法,对荣昌县2个猪场出现的40头临床症状疑似猪瘟的病猪进行病理剖检,结果证实有8头病猪出现猪瘟典型症状.采集40头病猪的血样,进行ELISA猪瘟抗原检测和荧光RTPCR猪瘟核酸检测,结果显示ELISA抗原检测检出7份血样为猪瘟抗原阳性,阳性检出率为87.5%;荧光RTPCR核酸检测出4份血样为阳性,阳性检出率为50%.该结果证实,ELISA猪瘟抗原检测的阳性检出率比荧光RT-PCR核酸检测更高,建议临床上采用ELISA抗原检测的方法进行猪瘟的快速诊断.     

猪瘟实验室常规诊断方法

本文详细阐述了猪瘟实验室诊断的10种方法:猪体接种试验、猪瘟兔体交互试验、琼脂扩散试验、猪瘟间接血凝试验、荧光抗体试验、鸡新城疫病毒强化实验、血清中和试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、髓细胞检查法、免疫金银染色法,以便在生产中能迅速诊断,采取措施,以降低其对养猪生产造成的损失。     

猪瘟免疫技术的应用推广

猪瘟是由黄病毒科瘟毒病属的猪瘟病毒引起猪急性、高热、高致死性的一种传染病,严重影响养猪业经济发展。从猪瘟病毒引起疾病的流行状况、发病机理、病理变化、临床诊断和预防治疗等方面进行了探讨,并提出了防治猪瘟免疫程序。     

猪瘟防治研究进展

猪瘟（classical swine fever,CSF）是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）引起的猪的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,被国际兽疫局列为A类传染病,是目前危害养猪业发展的主要传染病之一,也是给养猪业带来损失最直接和和危害最为严重的疾病。一、国内猪瘟流行概况猪瘟给我国养猪业带来巨大经济损失,据报道我国因该病死亡的猪占三分之一以上。猪瘟也是引发猪高热病的罪魁祸首之一,猪感染蓝耳病之后往往继发猪瘟感染。当前猪瘟流行和发病流行特点的变化     

仔猪猪瘟和猪肺疫混合感染的治疗及预防

介绍了仔猪猪瘟和猪肺疫混合感染的症状病理变化、检验手段,针对感染途径,提高诊断及防治措施.     

非典型猪瘟病因及综合防制措施

非典型猪瘟，又称温和性猪瘟，发病症状不明显，但危害严重。本文通过对该病的临床症状、流行情况和发病原因进行了深入的观察和探析，提出了诊断方法和综合防制措施。     

CSFV E2蛋白主要抗原区域在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的表达及小鼠免疫

猪瘟是一种由猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)引起的高度接触传染性和致死性疾病.疫苗预防接种是控制猪瘟病毒传播的重要措施,目前我国使用的弱毒疫苗均为1.1亚型猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株.随着病毒的不断变异,2.1亚型猪瘟病毒已经逐渐成为我国的主要流行毒株.本研究利用马克斯克鲁维酵母研究了2.1b型CSFV E2蛋白及其截短体mE2(690-916aa)在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的重组表达,发现去除E2蛋白跨膜区域可以显著提高E2蛋白表达水平,mE2的表达量在5L发酵罐中达1.25～2.5g/L.经分子筛纯化,mE2蛋白纯度达90%.纯化的mE2作为抗原蛋白,注射免疫小鼠28d后,可诱导小鼠产生抗CSFV的IgG特异性抗体,表明马克斯克鲁维酵母重组表达的mE2蛋白具有较好的免疫原性.     

猪瘟、仔猪副伤寒并发感染的诊治

<正> 猪瘟、仔猪副伤寒是目前危害我国养猪业的大敌,是一种急性败血性传染病,传染性强,致死率高,一旦有继发感染时,可以给养猪户造成极为严重的经济损失,目前猪瘟、仔猪副伤寒在我国广大散养户农户已得到基本控制。病例,经分析发现某种猪场发生了猪瘟、仔猪副伤寒是由于免疫不确定,我地近     

猪瘟病毒分子生物学与致病机制研究进展

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒感染导致的高度接触性传染病,家猪和野猪对该病原易感.该病主要特征是高热、微血管变性而引起实质器官出血、坏死,是世界上危害最严重猪病之一,给养猪业带来重大损失.综述了猪瘟病毒基因组、蛋白质功能以及致病机理的最新研究进展,为相关研究人员参考.     

基于注意力机制的U-Net脑脊液细胞分割

为解决脑脊液病理图像中部分细胞膜较为模糊，与图像背景难以区分的问题，采用了基于注意力机制的U-Net深度学习方法对脑脊液病理图像做全自动分割.在深度学习网络中加入注意力机制对细胞进行定位，抑制无关信息，提高语义的特征表达，提高对细胞整体分割的精确性.通过镜像、旋转等操作对数据集进行扩充预处理.采用VGG16预训练模型进行迁移学习，交叉熵与Dice损失相结合作为损失函数，分别在脑脊液临床图像与公开数据集2018 Data Science Bowl上进行验证；并与Otsu， PSPnet， Segnet， DeeplabV3+， U-Net进行对比，结果表明， 本文方法在各项指标上均优于其他分割方法.     

CT Brain Image: Abnormalities Recognition and Segmentation

In order to develop an automated segmentation system for Computed Tomography (CT) brain images, a new approach which consists of several unsupervised segmentation techniques was introduced. The system segments the CT brain images into three partitions, i. e., abnormalities, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain matter. Our approach consists of two phase-segmentation methods. In the first phase segmentation, k-means and fuzzy c-means (FCM) methods were implemented to segment and transform the images into the binary images. Based on the connected component in binary images, a decision tree was employed for the annotation of normal or abnormal regions, In the second phase segmentation, the modified FCM with population-diameter independent (PDI) segmentation was applied to segment the images into CSF and brain matter. The experimental results have shown that our proposed system is feasible and yield satisfactory results.     

小儿结核性脑膜炎早期诊断及误诊分析

对我院收治的72例小儿结核性脑膜炎(TBM)中的48例误诊病例进行回顾性分析,认为对TBM缺乏警觉性,流行病学资料不完整,TBM早期临床表现及CSF改变不典型是误诊的主要原因.对疑似病例应及时行PPD试验,CSF常规检查及头颅CT或MRI检查,必要时行PCR-TB-DNA检测,有助于TBM的早期诊断.这是目前基层医院TBM早期诊断的主要手段.     

麻痹性痴呆4例临床分析

目的分析麻痹性痴呆的临床特征和诊断。方法回顾性分析4例麻痹性痴呆患者的l临床资料,智能测定和各项实验室检查结果。结果4例患者误诊为精神分裂症3例。4例患者血清梅毒抗体检查均为阳性,2例脑脊液梅毒抗体阳性,简易智力状况检查评分均≤21分。经青霉素和抗精神药物治疗后,一般精神症状控制,但均有不同程度的智能下降。结论麻痹性痴呆极易误诊,临床表现、梅毒血清学、脑脊液检查是诊断的重要依据,早期诊断和治疗是预后的关键。     

MTT比色法在检测重组人GM—CSF生物活性中的应用

探索了ＭＴＴ比色法的一系列实验条件，并利用ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ依赖细胞株ＴＦ－１，测定了家蚕基因工程生产的重组人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（ｇｒａｎｕｌｏｃｙｔｅ－ｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅｃｏｌｏｎｙ－ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ）的生物活性，并与半固体培养集落刺激法进行了比较。     

A direct link of the Mos-MAPK pathway to Erp1/Emi2 in meiotic arrest of Xenopus laevis eggs

In vertebrates, unfertilized eggs (or mature oocytes) are arrested at metaphase of meiosis II by a cytoplasmic activity called cytostatic factor (CSF). The classical Mos-MAPK pathway has long been implicated in CSF arrest of vertebrate eggs, but exactly how it exerts CSF activity remains unclear. Recently, Erp1 (also called Emi2), an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) required for degradation of the mitotic regulator cyclin B (ref. 5), has also been shown to be a component of CSF in both Xenopus and mice. Erp1 is destroyed on fertilization or egg activation, like Mos. However, despite these similarities the Mos-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway and Erp1 are thought to act rather independently in CSF arrest. Here, we show that p90rsk, the kinase immediately downstream from Mos-MAPK, directly targets Erp1 for CSF arrest in Xenopus oocytes. Erp1 is synthesized immediately after meiosis I, and the Mos-MAPK pathway or p90rsk is essential for CSF arrest by Erp1. p90rsk can directly phosphorylate Erp1 on Ser 335/Thr 336 both in vivo and in vitro, and upregulates both Erp1 stability and activity. Erp1 is also present in early embryos, but has little CSF activity owing, at least in part, to the absence of p90rsk activity. These results clarify the direct link of the classical Mos-MAPK pathway to Erp1 in meiotic arrest of vertebrate oocytes.     

有效微注射和移植受精卵建立转基因鼠

试验研究了转基因小鼠建立中的受精卵显微注射和移植，对获得受精卵、有效注射及移植易出现的问题和解决方法进行了讨论，对注射后的受精卵的移植加以改进，建立了人Ｇ－ＣＳＦ转基因小鼠模型．     

2－羟基－3－羧基－5－磺酸基苯重氮氨基偶氮苯与阳离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究

研究了溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）、溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）、氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）、氯化十四烷基二甲基苄基胺（Ｚｅｐｈ）等四种阳离子表面活性剂（ＣＳＦ）与２－羟基－３－羧基－５－磺酸基苯重氮氨基偶氨苯（ＨＣＳＤＡＡ）的显色反应。＂在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＮ－１０１存在下和ｐＨ１１．３～１２．１的缓冲介质中，各种ＣＳＦ均与ＨＣＳＤＡＡ形成摩尔比为１：１的紫色离子缔合物，其最大吸收波长是５８５ｎｍ，对比度为１５４ｎｍ，在３２～４０℃时表观摩尔吸光系数都为４．０×１０３Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。ＣＳＦ在２×１０－６～１．０×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内服从比尔定律。在ＥＤＴＡ的掩蔽作用下，大量常见离子对反应不干扰。可望用于阳离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂的分析。     

Independent inactivation of MPF and cytostatic factor (Mos) upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs.

In vertebrates, mature eggs are arrested at the second meiotic metaphase by the cytostatic factor (CSF), now known to be the c-mos proto-oncogene product (Mos). Fertilization or egg activation triggers a transient increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium and releases the meiotic arrest by inactivating maturation/mitosis-promoting factor (MPF). CSF or Mos, which is also inactivated by the calcium transient, seems to stabilize MPF in mature eggs and CSF-injected embryos. Thus, it was assumed that CSF inactivation is the primary cause of MPF inactivation on meiotic release. We have directly compared the degradation kinetics of CSF (Mos) and MPF during meiotic release, using the same batch of Xenopus eggs. We report here that, at the molecular level, cyclin subunits of MPF are degraded before Mos is degraded and, at the physiological level, that MPF activity is inactivated before CSF activity during activation of Xenopus eggs. These results, in conjunction with circumstantial evidence, support the novel view that a calcium transient on fertilization induces a CSF-independent pathway for MPF inactivation, whereas CSF inactivation during meiotic release serves only to allow the fertilized egg to enter mitosis.     

大鼠脑脊液抽取的新方法

目的建立简便易行的大鼠脑脊液提取的新方法。方法将大鼠头部固定与身体成大约135°角,在枕骨嵴下凹陷处进针大约0.5 cm抵达小脑延髓池,缓慢抽取大鼠脑脊液80～100μL,然后将针退出。结果成功获得脑脊液80～100μL。结论此种脑脊液提取方法简单易行。