纤维水镁石对水泥硬化浆体力学性能的影响

采用SEM,XRD和电阻率测定仪研究了纤维水镁石对硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体的力学增强机理.结果表明,由于添加具有高拉伸强度和高杨氏模量的纤维水镁石,在水泥硬化浆体原有网络结构的基础上又建立了一个新的网络结构,改进了基体材料的界面结构,同时,纤维水镁石和水泥基体材料同属极性物质,在水化开始后水镁石纤维表面被水化产物C-S-H凝胶所覆盖,表明其具有良好的物理相溶性,这种双重作用提高了水泥硬化浆体的物理力学性能.     

硅烷偶联剂r-MPS的用量对ZrO2-SiO2填充齿科复合树脂性能的影响

本研究的目的是研究硅烷偶联剂-MPS的不同用量对纳米ZrO2-SiO2混合填充齿科复合树脂的填充量和物理机械性能的影响. 以硅溶胶和乙酸锆为原料,在酸性条件下合成ZrO2-SiO2复合粒子,采用硅烷偶联剂-MPS对ZrO2-SiO2实现表面改性,与双酚A-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Bis-GMA)和双甲基丙烯酸二缩三乙二醇酯(TEGDMA)树脂基质共混制备齿科复合树脂. 采用红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重法(TGA)、激光粒度分布仪(LPA)等实验手段对改性前后纳米ZrO2-SiO2的表面结构和在有机树脂基质中的分散稳定性进行分析. 结果表明,通过硅烷偶联剂-MPS表面改性后,无机粒子表面覆盖了硅烷偶联剂的有机官能团,降低了颗粒聚程度,使其在有机树脂中的分散性提高. 改性后的ZrO2-SiO2与树脂基质共聚,由此制得的复合材料的机械性能得到提高. 结论 表面处理增强了纳米ZrO2-SiO2与复合树脂基质的相容性,且对无机填料的填充量和复合树脂的机械性能有较显著的影响.     

Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Nylon 6 Composite Nanofibers

The luminescent fibers have a good application prospect. The feature of this paper is that efficient luminescent nylon 6(PA6) composite nanofibers are successfully prepared by electrospinning. The luminescent PA6 composite nanofibers composed of PA6, Eu(BA)_3Phen and Tb(BAO)_3Phen(BA= P-methylbenzoic acid, BAO=P-methoxybenzoic acid, and Phen=1,10-phenanthroline). The structure and properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermogravimetriy(TG) analysis. The correspondence between polymer matrix and as-prepared composite nanofibers properties has also been studied in detail. Through using hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP) as solvent, Eu(BA)_3Phen/PA6 and Tb(BAO)_3Phen/PA6 composite nanofibers exhibit good luminescence properties. It is noted that only 5% rare earth luminescent materials are added to Tb(BAO)_3Phen/PA6 composite nanofibers, and the luminescence intensity of the as-prepared nanofibers reaches half that of the pure rare earth luminescent materials. Furthermore, uniform dispersion of pure rare earth luminescent materials in the as-prepared nanofibers gives the composite nanofibers good mechanical properties and thermal stability. These results provide an important basis for the preparation and wide application of new PA6 luminescent fibers.     

电纺CoFe2O4纳米纤维及其磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶过程和静电纺丝技术,以三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)、醋酸钴(Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为前驱物,制得PVA/FeCl3/Co(CH3COO)2复合纳米纤维.经高温煅烧,制备了CoFe2O4纳米纤维.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、差热-热重(TG-DTA)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段对样品进行了表征,并研究了其磁性质.结果表明:静电纺丝技术制备的CoFe2O4纳米纤维为规则的一维结构,直径分布均匀,具有良好的铁磁性.     

Surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuecinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by using the surfactant during the synthesis process. The amount of the surfactant has an effect on the size, the dispersal, and the magnetic properties of the particles. Besides, the mechanisms of the influences were also discussed.     

埃洛石纳米管改性竹材防霉涂料的性能研究

利用埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)对防霉乳液进行改性,提升了涂料的综合性能,实现了有机碘化物(IPBC)在埃洛石纳米管上的吸附,利用热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶红外分析(FT-IR)和环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对样品进行表征。使用改性前后的乳液涂料对竹材进行处理,利用接触角测定仪测量了处理前后试材的疏水性能,并研究了处理前后竹材防霉性能的差异。结果表明:埃洛石纳米管能有效吸附高达63.78%的防霉剂,改善涂料的微观形貌; 能在竹材表面形成致密的保护层,使竹材的疏水性提高26.46%; 并且改性后的防霉乳液对霉菌、蓝变菌的防治效力达100%。这种改性乳液涂料在竹材上具有良好的防水、防霉效果,具有处理方式简便、环保低毒的优点。     

恒沸蒸馏超细SiO2凝胶的二甲基二氯硅烷表面改性研究

利用恒沸蒸馏快速置换出SiO2湿凝胶中的物理吸附水,并用二甲基二氯硅烷（DMDCS）进行湿法改性。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重-差热（TG-DTA）、激光粒度分析仪和接触角测定仪等表征方法研究了DMDCS的改性效果。结果表明,将恒沸蒸馏用于SiO2湿凝胶的表面改性,能得到疏水性能极佳的改性SiO2,水在改性SiO2粉体表面的接触角大于130°,改性产品蓬松,吸油值增大2~2.8,孔容增大3.5倍,孔道结构没有发生显著改变。优化了的改性工艺为：改性溶剂为体积比3∶2的丙酮、乙醇混合物,改性时间2h,改性剂用量为SiO2绝干粉质量的12.5%。     

半导体制造用碳化硅粉体偶联剂表面改性

 采用KH-550硅烷偶联剂对SiC粉体进行表面改性,通过单因素实验及正交试验确定出改性过程最优化工艺参数：反应温度90℃,反应时间4h,KH-550硅烷偶联剂用量1.5g,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、激光粒度分析仪对制备的改性粉体进行表征,分析改性对SiC料浆分散稳定性的影响。结果表明,SiC微粉经偶联剂处理后没有改变原始SiC微粉的物相结构,只是改变了其在水中的胶体性质;中位径d_0.5略有减小,粒度分度分布范围变窄,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示微粉团聚现象减少,分散性得到改善;改性SiC微粉与原始SiC微粉相比,表面特性发生了很大变化,在酸性条件下Zeta电位有显著的提高,pH值为3.78时,Zeta电位获得最高正电位为41mV,悬浮液的分散稳定性得到明显改善。     

静电纺丝制备复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银及其性能

采用静电纺丝技术, 以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂, 聚丙烯腈为载体, 制备复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银, 并用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、 差热 热重分析（TG-DTG）和X射线衍射（XRD）等方法对复合纳米纤维的化学结构、 形貌、 热稳定性和晶体结构进行表征. 结果表明： 聚丙烯腈、 纳米纤维素晶体和银纳米粒子有机结合形成复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银; 复合纳米纤维的尺寸均匀, 平均直径为（214±12）nm, Ag纳米粒子在复合纳米纤维体系中均匀分布, 粒径为5~25 nm; 该复合纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能优异.     

Preparation and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite fibrous membrane

A series of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposite fibrous membranes,including neat PLA,PLA/hydroxyapatite (HA) and PLA/HA/graphene oxide (GO),were fabricated via electrospinning method.The morphology and composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively.The thermal stability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).To estimate the cytocompatibility of asprepared PLA/HA/GO fibrous membrane,MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured,and the corresponding cell adhesion and differentiation capability were investigated by fluorescence microscopy,SEM and MTT test.The electrospun ternary PLA/HA/GO membrane exhibited three-dimensional fibrous structure with relatively rough surface morphology,which made itself ideal for cell attachment and proliferation in bone tissue regeneration.The fluorescence microscopy,SEM and MTT test confirmed that the PLA/HA/GO nanocomposite fibrous membrane created a proper environment for the seeding and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.     

高性能TDE-85/E-51环氧树脂的聚氨酯增韧改性

以混合芳胺为固化剂,通过聚氨酯（Pu）对4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯（TDE-85）与二酚基丙烷缩水甘油醚（E-51）环氧树脂的混合树脂体系的改性,制备了高性能聚氨酯改性环氧树脂（PU／EP）。通过红外光谱图、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重（TG）分析及力学性能的表征讨论PU／EP体系的结构与性能特征。研究结果表明：PU和EP分子链之间存在着化学接枝反应,能有效地改善PU／EP体系中PU和EP分子间的相容性及相互贯穿;与TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂比,PU改性TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂仍然具有很强的耐热性能,并且冲击强度、拉伸强度均获得显著提高;PU／EP体系断口裂纹呈明显的韧性断裂特征,说明TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂PU改性增韧效果明显。     

MTES疏水改性SiO2气凝胶修饰活性炭复合材料的制备及结构表征

采用原位聚合法,以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料、甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为疏水改性剂,活性炭为载体,制备疏水SiO2气凝胶修饰活性炭复合材料。采用接触角分析仪、N2吸附法、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疏水SiO2气凝胶修饰活性炭复合材料的表面特性和结构进行表征。结果表明:所制备的疏水SiO2气凝胶修饰活性炭复合材料的接触角为156°、比表面积为759.2 m2/g、孔体积为4.38 cm3/g,最可几孔径是32nm,孔径主要分布为1～50 nm,疏水SiO2气凝胶均匀地分散于活性炭表面。     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La<Subscript>2</Subscript>CoMnO<Subscript>6</Subscript> nanofibers

Through electrospinning, La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate (PVP/LCM) precursor and were used as electrode materials. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The results show that the prepared La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers are stable, one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La₂CoMnO₆ nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure. The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m2·g-1. Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers as 109.7 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1, the specific capacitance maintains 90.9% of its initial value, demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

Novel acrylic resin denture base with enhanced mechanical properties by the incorporation of PMMA-modified hydroxyapatite

A kind of novel acrylic resin denture base enhanced by PMMA-modified hydroxyapatite(M-HAP) was prepared and the modification effect of HAP on the mechanical properties of denture base material was investigated in the present study.HAP whiskers were prepared by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation process and were silanized by the coupling agent,3-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane(γ-MPS),to induce the vinyl groups onto its surface.Methyl methacrylate(MMA) were then modified outside the vinyl functionalized HAP via polymerization to build a similar chemical structure with the acrylic matrix.A novel acrylic resin denture base was obtained through self-curing process with the incorporation of this PMMA-modified HAP,and the content of which ranged from 0wt% to 0.8wt%.Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and universal testing apparatus were used to characterize M-HAP and corresponding denture base.The results showed that PMMA were successfully grafted onto the surface of HAP whiskers with up to 15wt% and the modification turned out to be useful for the dispersion and compatibility of whiskers in the acrylic resin matrix.The mechanical properties of the prepared denture base samples were enhanced greatly after incorporating with M-HAP fillers.The optimal incorporated content of M-HAP was also investigated.     

ATO纳米粉体的液相有机改性及其机理探讨

以硬脂酸和钛酸四丁酯为改性剂,对掺锑二氧化锡(ATO)纳米粉体进行有机化改性处理．通过润湿性、分散稳定性测试研究了处理温度、分散介质、钛酸四丁酯和硬脂酸的比例对改性效果的影响．采用TG,TEM,FT-IR,XPS等测试方法对改性后粉体的表面包覆率、形貌、分散状态以及改性机理进行了研究．结果表明,提高处理温度、适当增加复合改性剂中硬脂酸的配比并选用极性弱的有机溶剂可达到比较理想的改性效果．     

聚脲甲醛-生物油微胶囊的研制及性能探究

为研究微胶囊对沥青路面微裂纹的愈合效果,首先利用聚脲甲醛(作为微胶囊壁)和生物油(作为微胶囊心)采用原位聚合法制备微胶囊,采用扫描/透射电子显微镜(SEM/TEM)和热重分析(TGA)探究微胶囊的外观形貌和热稳定性;然后将微胶囊用于制备微胶囊/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(Microcapsule/SBS)复合改性沥青,通过动态剪切流变仪(DSR)和离析试验探究微胶囊的掺加对复合改性沥青路面性能的影响;最后通过延度愈合率试验验证微胶囊的愈合效果,并结合宏微观试验分析其愈合机理。结果表明：微胶囊呈现类球状,且表面较为粗糙,增大了与沥青的接触面积。微胶囊的热稳定性较好,其囊壁可承受沥青混合料生产过程中的高温环境。随着微胶囊的添加,复合改性沥青的低温塑性和耐热性均有所改善。此外,复合改性沥青的储能模量和损失模量也有所提升,即微胶囊的添加提升了SBS改性沥青的黏弹性能,这可能是由于添加的微胶囊与SBS和基质沥青具有很好的相容性,且微胶囊均匀分散在沥青内部并嵌入SBS呈现的网状结构中,这也在离析试验和荧光显微试验中得以证实。当微胶囊的掺量为0.4%时,复合改性沥青的愈合率达到最高。     

rGO/Ce掺杂SnO_2复合纳米纤维的制备及H_2S气敏性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/SnO_2复合纳米纤维,研究了Ce掺杂及掺杂量对rGO/SnO_2纳米纤维的微结构与气敏性能的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM,带SAED)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对复合纳米纤维的结构与形貌进行表征.结果表明:不同含量Ce掺杂对复合纳米纤维的晶体结构和形貌均无明显影响.气敏测试结果表明:不同的Ce掺杂量均能改善rGO/SnO_2纳米纤维对H_2S的灵敏度,在Ce掺杂摩尔分数为3%时复合材料对H_2S具有最佳的气敏性能,在75℃时5μL/L H_2S气体的灵敏度高达300,同时选择性和响应恢复性能也均有显著提高.     

化学镀法制备多壁碳纳米管负载非晶态镍-磷纳米粒子催化剂的性能及其苯加氢催化活性研究

通过化学镀工艺,采用以次磷酸钠为还原剂的镀液将镍-磷（Ni-P）纳米粒子负载于多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）表面。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HR-TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、选区电子衍射仪（SAED）、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、差示热分析仪（DTA）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等测试手段对催化剂的物理化学性能进行了表征,分析结果表明：Ni-P纳米粒子化学组成为Ni_73.8P_26.2,为非晶态结构实心圆球体,均匀分散负载于MWCNTs外壁,平均尺寸约100 nm,粒度分布窄,镍元素与磷元素之间无明显电子转移,催化剂在350℃以下结构和热稳定性较强。通过催化剂对于苯加氢反应的研究评价了其催化性能,结果表明在Ni-P/MWCNTs催化剂作用下,苯全部选择性地转化为环己烷,催化剂显示出较好的催化活性（71.2%）和高选择性（100%）。     

用于YAG透明陶瓷的喷雾造粒改性粉体的制备

通过喷雾造粒方法对共沉淀合成的纳米粉体进行改性,制备出球形的纳米颗粒.用XRD对粉体进行物相分析;用TEM观察了改性前粉体的颗粒形状、尺寸大小和团聚情况;用SEM观察改性前后粉体的团聚体的颗粒形状、尺寸大小与分散性,以及陶瓷热腐蚀抛光后的表面形貌.结果表明:PVB添加质量分数1.0%为最优添加量;改性后粉体所制素坯的密度显著提高,从而影响陶瓷的致密度和晶界形貌;经真空烧结制备出相对密度达99.95%的无孔净晶界YAG透明陶瓷,陶瓷晶粒的平均尺寸为10μm左右,尺寸分布较均匀,晶界清晰,晶粒中与晶界处较干净,无杂质与气孔的存在.     

改性白炭黑与炭黑协同增强天然橡胶复合材料

为了改善填料的分散性,采用离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基氯化咪唑(AMI)改性白炭黑(SiO_2),并制备改性白炭黑/炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR),扫描电镜(SEM),动态力学分析仪(DMA),热失重分析仪(TGA)等分析方法,研究AMI改性对白炭黑/炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料微观结构、力学性能、动态力学性能的影响。结果表明:经AMI改性后,白炭黑粒子间的相互作用减小,团聚倾向减弱,且与炭黑并用后在橡胶复合材料基体中的分散性改善,弥散效应和界面作用增强,改性复合材料的硫化反应活化能降低,综合力学性能提高。此外,离子液体用量的提高有助于复合材料分子链有序性的增加,使复合材料的热稳定性增强。可见改性白炭黑与炭黑并用对橡胶有很好的补强效果。