Nucleation and crystallization of tailing-based glass-ceramics by microwave heating

The effect of microwave radiation on the nucleation and crystallization of tailing-based glass-ceramics was investigated using a 2.45 GHz multimode microwave cavity. Tailing-based glass samples were prepared from Shandong gold tailings and Guyang iron tailings utilizing a conventional glass melting technique. For comparison, the tailing-based glass samples were crystallized using two different heat-treatment meth-ods:conventional heating and hybrid microwave heating. The nucleation and crystallization temperatures were determined by performing a dif-ferential thermal analysis of the quenched tailing-based glass. The prepared glass-ceramic samples were further characterized by Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermal expansion coefficient measurements, and scanning electron micros-copy. The results demonstrated that hybrid microwave heating could be successfully used to crystallize the tailing-based glass, reduce the proc-essing time, and decrease the crystallization temperature. Furthermore, the results indicated that the nucleation and crystallization mechanism of the hybrid microwave heating process slightly differs from that of the conventional heating process.     

晶化温度对堇青石玻璃陶瓷结构及性能的影响

采用DTA、XRD、SEM以及红外光谱等先进的测试技术,结合样品性能的测试,分析了晶化温度对堇青石玻璃陶瓷结构及性能的影响. 结果表明,样品主晶相为α-堇青石相,随晶化温度的提高,α-堇青石相析出量增加,样品强度增大,热膨胀系数减小,但当温度超过1 000 ℃后,晶化温度对样品结构和性能的影响较小;本实验确定堇青石玻璃陶瓷最佳晶化温度为1 000 ℃;低温下钛离子以四配位状态存在,随晶化温度升高,四配位钛离子消失,主要以镁铝钛酸盐相存在;含钛晶相的析出,促进玻璃系统分相,有利于主晶相的析出.     

Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

The green nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyd roxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) contents were prepared by solution casting method. Th e effects of CNCs on the crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology, crystal structure and hydrophilic property of PHBV were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and static water contact angle measurement. It is found that the CNCs act as an effective nucleation agent for crystallization of PHBV, inducing an increase in the melt crystallization tempera ture of the nanocomposites. A study of the non-isothermal crystallizatio n kinetics further illustrated that overall crystallization rate of PHBV in the nanocomposites was faster than that of neat PHBV, but exhibited a decrease in the crystallinity and the spherulite size of PHBV. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased from 60.1° for neat PHBV to 32.5° for the nanocomposites with 10% CNCs (mass fraction).     

玻璃组成对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结、晶化和性能的影响

采用烧结法制备以钙长石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和性能测试研究玻璃组成对玻璃的烧结、晶化特性和性能的影响.结果表明:随着CaO含量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度逐渐降低,而且析晶放热峰变得尖锐;增加氧化钙降低玻璃的析晶活化能,有利于玻璃的析晶;随着SiO2量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度移向高温,使玻璃的析晶困难;玻璃样品的烧结温度随CaO含量的增加而降低, 但过多的CaO促进硅酸钙的析出,增加样品的介电常数和热膨胀系数;增加SiO2能够降低微晶玻璃样品的热膨胀系数,改善其介电性能;所制备的微晶玻璃具有相对密度高(≥98.3%),介电常数适中(6.9～7.5),介电损耗低(≤0.1%),热膨胀系数低(3.8×10-6～4.5×10-6 /℃),烧结温度(900～1 000 ℃)低,及介电常数温度稳定性低(66×10-6～113×10-6 /℃).     

Fabrication,microstructure, and optical properties of nanocrystalline transparent LAST glass ceramics containing CeO2

In the present research, the effect of CeO2 dopant on the fabrication of transparent lithium aluminosilicate titanate （LAST） glass ceramics was investigated. Nanocrystallineβ-quartz solid solution （s.s.） was observed to be the main phase crystallized in this system. Com-parable refractive indices of the glassy matrix andβ-quartz s.s., as well as the incorporation of very fine grains size were determined as the main reasons for retaining the transparency of the glass ceramics. CeO2 was introduced as a suitable optical agent, playing a role as a network modifier in the glass ceramics, because it does not accelerate the growth process and retards the extended growth of crystals. Optical investi-gations indicate that the Fermi energy level, direct and indirect band gaps, and Urbach energy decrease with increasing nanocrystal content in the glassy matrix of specimens, which can be related to the expansion of conduction band, the enhancement of ionic bonds in the crystal lat-tice, and the enhancement of structural arrangement degree, respectively.     

Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass

Foamed glass-ceramics were prepared via a single-step sintering method using high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass as the main raw materials The influence of sintering temperature (900-1060℃) on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. The results show that the crystal shape changed from grainy to rod-shaped and finally turned to multiple shapes as the sintering temperature was increased from 900 to 1060℃. With increasing sintering temperature, the average pore size of the foamed glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased. By contrast, the compressive strength and the bulk density decreased and subsequently increased. An excessively high temperature, however, induced the coalescence of pores and decreased the compressive strength. The optimal properties, including the highest compressive strength (16.64 MPa) among the investigated samples and a relatively low bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), were attained in the case of the foamed glass-ceramics sintered at 1000℃.     

Influence of aluminium nitride as a foaming agent on the preparation of foam glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

To effectively reuse high-titanium blast furnace slag (TS), foam glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by powder sintering at 1000℃. TS and waste glass were used as the main raw materials, aluminium nitride (AlN) as the foaming agent, and borax as the fluxing agent. The influence of the amount of AlN added (1wt%–5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of the produced foam glass-ceramics was studied. The results showed that the main crystal phases were perovskite, diopside, and augite. With increasing AlN content, a transformation from diopside to augite occurred and the crystallinity of the pyroxene phases slightly decreased. Initially, the average pore size and porosity of the foam glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased; similarly, their bulk density and compressive strength decreased and subsequently increased. The optimal properties were obtained when the foam glass-ceramics were prepared by adding 4wt% AlN.     

难选赤铁矿熔融还原炼铁及熔渣制备微晶玻璃

以河北宣化赤铁矿为主要原料,采用熔融还原法炼铁和浇铸工艺制备熔渣微晶玻璃,获得了可用于炼钢的生铁原料和建筑装饰用微晶玻璃. 利用正交试验设计方法探讨了不同原料配比组成条件下渣铁分离和熔渣微晶玻璃晶化的效果,确定了可用于工业试验的最佳原料配比(质量配比)为:赤铁矿石77.3%,氧化铝粉2.2%,生石灰13.7%,萤石5%,氧化钠1.8%,焦炭5.5%. 并通过光学显微分析、X射线衍射分析、物理化学性能测试等手段确定了微晶玻璃的物相组成及性能特征.     

Effect of crystallization of CaO-P2O5-SiO2-MgO-F glass-ceramics on its mechanical properties

The microstructure of CaO-P2O5-SiO2-MgO-F glass-ceramics during crystallization were investigated and the crystallized phases wereidentified with DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and XRD (X- ray Diffraction) techniques. The mechanical properties such as bending strength and fracture toughness, as well as their changes with advancing crystallization were determined. The results show that the changes of the mechanical properties are correlated with the microstructures. The sample heated up to 810℃ and soaked for 4 h has smaller crystalline size and less volum fraction of fluorophlogopite, so it has higher bending strength (about 190 MPa), and higher crack toughness (about 2.63 MPa·m1/2).     

Uniform fabrication of Ge nanocrystals embedded into SiO2 film via neutro transmutation doping

Nanocrystalline74Ge embedded SiO2 films were prepared by employing ion implantation and neutron transmutation doping methods.Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence of the obtained samples were measured. The existence of As dopants transmuted from74 Ge is significant to guarantee the uniformity and higher volume density of Ge nanocrystals by tuning the system’s crystallinity and activating mass transfer process. It was observed that the photoluminescence intensity of Ge nanocrystals increased first then decreased with the increase of arsenic concentration. The optimized fluence of neutron transmutation doping was found to be5.5 1017 cm 2to achieve maximum photoluminescence emission in Ge embedded SiO2 film. This work opens a route in the three-dimensional nanofabrication of uniform Ge nanocrystals.     

静电键合用微晶玻璃的研究

采用传统熔体冷却方法,研究以TiO2为成核剂、以Li2O Al2O3 SiO2为基础组成的玻璃的制备工艺;根据差热分析(DTA)的结果确定玻璃的核化与晶化温度,然后针对基础玻璃组成,采用二步热处理方法获得透明的微晶玻璃;用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对晶化试样的物相和显微结构进行研究;用热膨胀仪测定玻璃在热处理前、后的热膨胀系数;用绝缘电阻测试仪测试该微晶玻璃的电阻率.研究结果表明:微晶玻璃的主晶相为Al2O3·TiO2微晶体,次晶相为ZnSiO3;微晶玻璃与硅片有相近的热膨胀系数,约为32.5×10-7/℃;微晶玻璃晶化后的电阻率较低,为6.8×1010Ω·cm.     

网状结构对Fe72Y6B22非晶合金晶化行为和软磁性能影响的研究

对Fe72Y6822非晶合金的晶化行为和软磁性能进行了研究.分子动力学模拟结果显示,合金熔体中的团簇结构主要为〈0,3,6,0〉型多面体;实验结果显示,在合金的退火样品中存在由冠状三棱柱组成的网状结构.这种网状结构可提高合金在过冷液相区的热稳定性,抑制合金的晶化,改变合金的晶化方式,促进纳米α-Fe晶粒的形成.适当的退火工艺可以提高Fe72Y6822非晶合金的软磁性能.合金饱和磁化强度和矫顽力的变化是由于晶化过程的不同阶段析出纳米晶oc-Fe相、顺磁性的YB12相和弱磁性的Fe3B相所致.     

聚苯乙烯改性纤维素纳米晶体对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯热稳定性的增强作用

采用原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)在纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)表面接枝聚苯乙烯,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)对改性前后的纤维素纳米晶体的化学结构和热稳定性进行了研究。测试结果表明,聚苯乙烯可成功地接枝到纤维素纳米晶体的表面; 纤维素纳米晶体的热分解温度由150 ℃上升到220 ℃,改性后纤维素纳米晶体的热稳定性得到提高。采用溶液浇铸法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/纤维素纳米晶体复合材料(PMMA/CNC),并利用TGA、透光率测试对复合材料热稳定性和透光率进行了研究。结果表明,当温度达到350 ℃时,PMMA/CNC的热分解温度比纯PMMA提高了近150 ℃, CNC的加入量为1%时,复合材料的透光率为89%,接近纯PMMA的透光率(91%)。聚苯乙烯改性纤维素纳米晶体可用于在保持PMMA透明性的前提下更好地改善PMMA复合材料的热稳定性。     

导向剂室温老化合成低硅X型沸石

利用导向剂室温(15～30℃)老化后高温晶化合成低硅X型沸石(LSX),用XRD测定样品晶型.对导向剂作用的研究表明,加入老化5h的导向剂17Na2O.6SiO2.Al2O3.250H2O可抑制LSX样品中的羟基方钠石(HS)杂晶,但没有加快LSX反应体系的晶化速度.对原料配比和反应条件的研究表明,产物对H2O/(Na2O K2O)摩尔比和Na2O/(Na2O K2O)摩尔比非常敏感,稍有变化就会引起杂晶的生成;随着室温老化和晶化温度的升高以及时间的延长,样品LSX结晶度增大.室温(25～30℃)老化12h、110℃晶化3h合成的LSX结晶度好、纯度高,Si/Al摩尔比为1.02±0.03.     

Preparation of InSb nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 thin films

InSb nanocrystals embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by rf magnetron cosputtering technique. THe observation by transmission electron microscope showed that InSb nanocrystals dispersed uniformly in SiO₂ matrices. InSb nanocrystals with different sizes can be obtained by changing the annealing condition. The average size of InSb nanocrystals depended on annealing temperature and time, but not on the t_1/3 rules. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were also applied to the analyses of the composite thin films.     

高炉渣含量与热处理制度对矿渣微晶玻璃性能的影响

运用DTA、XRD和SEM等现代分析技术对CaO(MgO)-Al2O3-SiO2系矿渣微晶玻璃的核化晶化温度、物相组成和显微结构进行了分析,探讨了高炉渣引入量和热处理制度的影响.试验结果表明,当高炉渣引入量为45%时,主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3)和透辉石(CaMg(SiO3)2),材料结构均匀致密,性能良好.本文适宜的热处理工艺参数为退火温度670 ℃;核化温度850 ℃,晶化温度970 ℃,各保温1 h.     

The crystallization and noncrystallization in the diffusion process of Ag ultrafine particles

ＴｈｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆＡｇＵＦＰＡｇＵＦＰａｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｓｐｕｔｔｅｒｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ［１,２］ｃａｎｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｂｅｌｏｗ．Ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ,ｔｈｅＡｇｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ（ａｔｏｍｓｏｒｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔｓ）ｓｐｕｔｔｅｒｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＡｇｔａｒｇｅｔｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｏｎｔｈｅａｍｏｒｐｈｏｕｓｃａｒｂｏｎｆｉｌｍａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｑｕｉｃｋｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ．Ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅ…     

草莓冻结玻璃化保存的实验研究

以草莓为样品进行了食品冻结冻玻璃化保存的实验研究,结果表明,贮藏于玻璃态（－７５℃）的草莓质量明显优于贮藏在一般商用温度（－２９℃,－１８℃）下的草莓质量。     

Luminescent Cu doped CdTe nanocrystals via cation exchange of Cu7Te5 nanocubes: From undoped to doped emission

In II-VI group,the doping in CdTe nanocrystals(NCs) is more difficult than other chalcogenides.In this communication,CdTe nanocrystals containing Cu impurities were carefully synthesized based on controlled reverse cation exchange process between as-prepared Cu₇ Te₅ nanocubes and Cd²⁺ ions.By well-defined Cu₇ Te₅ nanocubes,the obtained CdTe NCs kept the original morphology.The concentration of Cu impurities in CdTe NCs was controlled by the ...     

并行MD优化算法与纳米晶体力学模拟

为发展可适用于纳米晶体力学模拟的高效率并行算法,构建了从晶体生成、计算到显示的分子动力学(MD)模拟系统.MD算法基于经典的对势和多体势上的Verlet算法,并行格式基于Linked-Cell-List方案,并针对特定的研究模型进行了各计算层次的优化.构建了交互式显示和控制子系统,可提供显示原子图像和属性的高质量图形输出.利用此模拟系统对纳米晶体进行了拉伸大变形和压痕模拟,结果表明: 在高速加载率下,堆垛层错(偏位错)的迸发、传播及其在晶界处的终止是纳米晶体变形的主要机制.