位移约束下预应力钢结构拓扑优化设计

为预应力钢结构体系创新进行拓扑优化设计研究.建立了以索力值和结构拓扑为设计变量,以位移为约束条件,以结构重量最小为目标函数的数学优化模型.在求解方法上,采用两阶段设计方法.首先以结构储存应变能最小(刚度最大)确定施加在索上的预拉力,然后通过灵敏度分析,采用渐进结构优化法(ESO方法)删除低位移灵敏度单元实现结构的拓扑优化以减轻结构重量,反复迭代,直至最优.算例结果与相应体系受力性能相吻合,表明本文所提出的优化设计方法可行,为预应力钢结构选型提供了理论依据.     

不同预应力度简支梁拉压杆模型

为研究预应力混凝土简支梁的传力路径及其拉压杆模型设计方法,提出一种改进的双向渐进结构优化算法.按照Von Mises应力准则,以单元应变能为结构性能指标,自行编制了单元生死并行的双向渐进结构拓扑优化程序,实现了混凝土结构拉压杆模型的自动构形.优化程序中引入单元生长与删除加速度因子,有效防止了无效拓扑的出现.通过把预应力等效为外部荷载,将寻找预应力混凝土梁拉压杆模型的问题转化为连续结构的拓扑优化问题.在此基础上讨论了不同预应力度下混凝土简支梁的受力行为并揭示了其合理的力学模型:钢筋混凝土梁可采用桁架模型,部分预应力梁可采用桁架-拱叠合模型,全预应力梁可采用拱模型或拱-桁叠合模型.     

渐进结构拓扑优化在重力坝中的应用研究

实体重力坝是重力坝坝型的发展趋势.文章以ANSYS10.0为平台,结合APDL语言,在传统的渐进结构优化(ESO)思想的基础上,采用结构的应变能删除准则,对实体重力坝非溢流坝段进行拓扑优化.优化结果表明:结构的应力和抗滑稳定均满足规范要求,且优化结果与工程实际要求较吻合,同时也从数值上验证了此方法对实体重力坝非溢流坝段进行拓扑优化是可行和有效的.     

基于HCA的改进收敛准则优化算法研究

为了抑制拓扑优化中出现的灰度单元现象,通过引入范数理论的概念,提出了一种新的针对连续体结构的收敛准则算法.采用变密度法,建立SIMP材料插值模型和基于元胞自动机的拓扑优化数学模型,以结构的应变能密度均匀分布为优化目标.通过经典的二维数值算例,证明该收敛准则法在结构拓扑优化中的正确性和可靠性.     

渐进结构拓扑优化在重力坝中的应用研究

摘要:实体重力坝是重力坝坝型的发展趋势。文章以ANSYS10.0为平台,结合APDL语言,在传统的渐进结构优化（ESO）思想的基础上,采用结构的应变能删除准则,对实体重力坝非溢流坝段进行拓扑优化。优化结果表明：结构的应力和抗滑稳定均满足规范要求,且优化结果与工程实际要求较吻合,同时也从数值上验证了此方法对实体重力坝非溢流坝段进行拓扑优化是可行和有效的。     

连续体结构拓扑优化设计的ICM方法

基于独立连续拓扑变量及映射变换（ＩＣＭ）的拓扑优化方法应用于连续体结构,建立了统一的以重量为目标、考虑应力约束的连续体结构拓扑优化模型．提出基于综合评价的高效单元删除准则及算法．给出的经典的二维和三维连续体结构拓扑优化算例表明,这种统一的模型由骨架结构发展到连续体结构的拓扑优化也是成功的．该方法具有算法简单、收敛速度快和稳定性好等优点     

SIMP拓扑优化的拉压杆模型研究

采用SIMP应变能最小化的优化准则方法,对基于拓扑优化技术建立拉压杆模型的设计流程进行了深入研究.并对基于SIMP法拓扑优化建立拉压杆模型的影响因素进行了系统研究,总结出将最优拓扑转化为构件拉压杆模型的原则.为验证其最优性,对一简支开洞深梁建立了多种拉压杆模型,并与基于SIMP法的拓扑优化建立的拉压杆模型,通过承载能力和有效系数进行方案的比选.研究结果表明基于SIMP拓扑优化的拉压杆模型应变能和钢筋体积比最小,而承载能力较大.     

多工况应力约束下连续体结构拓扑优化映射变换解法

针对多工况连续体结构拓扑优化常见模型中存在的目标函数非连续性 ,基于独立连续拓扑变量概念及映射变换方法 ,建立了多工况应力约束下连续体结构拓扑优化新的连续模型 .考虑多工况结构拓扑优化中“荷载病态”现象 ,提出应用荷载加权系数的单元删除准则及分层优化算法求解 .算例验证了本文方法的正确性和高效性     

多工况应力约束下的连续体结构拓扑优化映射变换解法

针对多工况连续体结构拓扑优化常见模型中存在的目标函数非连续性,基于独立连续拓扑变量概念及映射变换方法,建立了多工况应力约束下连续体结构拓扑优化新的连续模型,考虑多工况结构拓扑优化中“荷载病态”现象,提出应用荷载加权系数的单元删除准则及分层优化算法求解,算例验证了本文方法的正确性和高效性。     

一种考虑位移和应力约束的结构拓扑优化方法

为了研究位移和应力约束以及重量最小的结构拓扑优化问题,基于ICM（独立、连续、映射）方法和渐进结构优化方法的思路,提出了一种考虑位移和应力约束的结构拓扑优化方法．在优化迭代循环的每一轮子循环迭代求解开始时,为了控制拓扑设计变量的变化量,依据结构位移、应力量和其约束限,形成和引进了新的位移和应力约束限．研究了位移线性近似式和应力约束转换表达式,建立了单元删除阚值和几轮迭代循环的单元删除策略．为了确保优化迭代中结构非奇异和方法具有增添单元的功能,在结构孔洞和边界周围引入了一层人工材料单元,并建立了一套有效结构信息到结构最大设计域信息的映射转换方法．结合拉格朗日乘子法,改进了子循环迭代中连续拓扑变量的求解方法,形成了一种新的连续体结构的拓扑优化方法．给出的算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that