等电子谱线法诊断等离子体电子温度实验研究

在"星光Ⅱ”激光装置上对Mg/Al混合材料平面靶和Mg/Al示踪层金盘靶进行三倍频激光打靶实验,用平面晶体谱仪测量靶材料发射的X光光谱,获取了示踪离子谱线实验数据.采用多组态Dirac-Fock方法计算所需原子参数,并在局域热动平衡条件下建立了双示踪离子谱线强度比随电子温度变化关系.在此基础上由双示踪元素等电子谱线法确定了Mg/Al混合材料平面靶及金盘靶激光等离子体的电子温度.     

激光诱导Cu等离子体发射光谱特性的实验研究

通过实验研究了Ar气下激光诱导Cu等离子体的空间分辨发射光谱.采用的激光能量为350 mJ/pulse,波长范围为440~540 nm.在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件下,根据谱线的相对强度,得到了等离子体的电子温度在104K以上.研究了原子发射谱线强度、电子温度和半高全宽(FWHM)随空间、缓冲气体压力变化的规律.结果表明,在Ar气中压力分别为100 kPa和50 kPa相比,铜的原子特征谱强度降低而连续谱和氩离子谱线强度增加.同时缓冲气压的增大导致谱线展宽的增大.     

等离子体电子温度的光谱计算

文章介绍了在满足局部热力学平衡条件下测定等离子体电子温度的谱线绝对强度法、双谱线法、多谱线斜率法、双示宗元素等电子谱线法、Saha法等多种发射光谱法,并探讨了这些方法在等离子体电子温度诊断中的应用,旨在为实际电子温度的计算过程中选择合适的等离子体诊断方法提供参考.     

激光诱导黄铜中Zn等离子体光谱的时间演化特性

在常温常压下, 利用自建的激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）实验装置获得纳秒激光诱导黄铜等离子体光谱, 研究发射光谱中Zn等离子体光谱在增强型光电耦合器件（ICCD）门延迟为150~3 000 ns时的演化规律, 并利用Stark展宽系数及能级跃迁参数计算等离子体的电子温度和电子密度随ICCD门延迟的演化规律. 实验结果表明: 当ICCD门延迟为150~500 ns时, 初始阶段光谱呈较强的连续谱, 随着ICCD门延迟的增大, 在连续谱上逐渐凸显Zn原子的线状特征谱线, 特征谱线强度在ICCD门延迟为500 ns时达最大; 继续增大ICCD门延迟, 谱线强度逐渐减小, 当ICCD门延迟为3 000 ns时, 等离子体的特征谱线信号基本消失; 谱线强度和电子温度随ICCD门延迟的变化一致, 电子密度和ZnⅠ(481.0 nm)谱线的半高宽随ICCD的变化接近指数拟合.     

激光诱导黄铜中Zn等离子体光谱的时间演化特性

在常温常压下, 利用自建的激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）实验装置获得纳秒激光诱导黄铜等离子体光谱, 研究发射光谱中Zn等离子体光谱在增强型光电耦合器件（ICCD）门延迟为150~3 000 ns时的演化规律, 并利用Stark展宽系数及能级跃迁参数计算等离子体的电子温度和电子密度随ICCD门延迟的演化规律. 实验结果表明: 当ICCD门延迟为150~500 ns时, 初始阶段光谱呈较强的连续谱, 随着ICCD门延迟的增大, 在连续谱上逐渐凸显Zn原子的线状特征谱线, 特征谱线强度在ICCD门延迟为500 ns时达最大; 继续增大ICCD门延迟, 谱线强度逐渐减小, 当ICCD门延迟为3 000 ns时, 等离子体的特征谱线信号基本消失; 谱线强度和电子温度随ICCD门延迟的变化一致, 电子密度和ZnⅠ(481.0 nm)谱线的半高宽随ICCD的变化接近指数拟合.     

激光诱导液相基质等离子体电子温度的时间演化特性研究

通过单脉冲激光烧蚀MgSO4水溶液射流产生激光等离子体,通过调节ICCD门脉冲相对激光脉冲的延时,测定了液相基质中激光等离子体中Mg元素的时间分辨发射光谱.实验结果表明,当ICCD门延时在0.6μs-1.6μs范围内变化时,谱线强度随延时的增大逐渐减小,但减小的速度越来越慢;谱线的信噪比有一个先上升后缓慢减小并趋于稳定的过程.同时,利用Boltzmann斜线法对Mg原子谱线(518.36nm,517.268nm,516.732nm,383.829nm,383.230nm,382.935nm)进行拟合,得到了不同延时下Mg等离子体的电子温度范围为4772K-6281K,线性相关系数为0.958.拟合结果说明本实验条件下得到的液相基质激光等离子体满足局部热平衡条件.     

样品形态对激光诱导土壤等离子体特性的影响分析

将激光诱导击穿光谱技术应用到土壤检测中,分析了土壤样品形态对激光诱导等离子体特性的影响.采用波长1 064 nm的Nd-YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,在实验室大气环境下对粉状和片状2种形态土壤样本诱导产生激光等离子体,测量并分析了样品形态和粒径大小对元素特征谱线强度、等离子体温度和电子密度的影响.实验研究表明,相同实验条件下,粉状土样的激光等离子体温度和电子密度均高于片状土样,但片状土样的元素特征谱线强度更大,且受土壤粒径大小的影响较小,适用于土壤重金属元素的LIBS分析检测.     

激光诱导Cu等离子体发射光谱的实验研究

利用Q－开关Nd：YAG激光器产生的1．06μm、10ns的脉冲激光聚焦在空气中的Cu靶上，观测了激光诱导的Cu等离子体发射光谱．采用激光能量为45mJ／pulse，分析了波长为440～540nm的空间分辨发射光谱．在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件近似下，根据谱线的相对强度，得到等离子体电子温度约在10^4K以上．给出了靶面附近电子温度和谱线半高全宽的空间演化规律．     

激光击穿油水界面的等离子体空间分布特性研究

油水分离技术对水资源的治理和环境的改善非常重要,油水界面特性检测是该技术的关键要求之一.本文提出了采用激光等离子体光谱法进行油水界面探测的方法,并进行了理论研究和验证.本文实验研究了等离子体电子温度和电子密度的空间分布特性,并结合激光聚焦特性,提出了激光等离子体空间分布的半椭球模型;采用激光诱导等离子体光谱法,基于元素发光特性差异,对油水界面的位置进行了判定;结合谱线强度与元素浓度的对应关系,基于半椭球模型得到特征谱线强度与元素个数关系式;进一步对特征元素强度比值和油膜厚度关系进行了研究,实现了不同厚度油层的光谱测量.本文分析了C和H元素的自吸收效应随油膜厚度的变化规律,验证了采用检测光谱信号的特征元素相对强度比对油膜厚度直接判断的合理性.根据谱线强度比和油厚的散点分布,以及仿真曲线,本文得到实验误差随油厚的变化规律,并且相对误差总体小于20%,这也验证了该方法的可靠性.     

激光烧蚀铝等离子体中离子特性的实验研究

通过外加平行极板直流电场法,测定了准分子激光烧蚀Al靶产生微等离子体中离子形成的电流,研究了激光能量、气压以及电压等因素对等离子体中的离子特性的影响,并对离子产生的机制进行了讨论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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