Al-Mg-Si合金的价电子结构分析

用经验电子理论(EET)对Al—Mg—Si合金中主要成分(如α—Al、镁、硅，以及强化相(β—Mg2Si)的价电子结构进行计算，计算结果表明各成分晶胞最强键上的共价电子对数与其密度、熔点、硬度、电负性有对应关系；Mg、Si原子上次强键的共价电子分布有利于β相的形成。     

Cu-Ni-Si合金的价电子结构分析

基于固体与分子经验电子理论(EET),对纯金属晶体Cu以及合金固溶体Cu-Ni、Cu-Si和Cu-Ni-Si进行价电子结构分析,建立相空间价电子结构计算模型和方法,从相空间价电子结构角度探讨合金元素的合金化行为。计算结果表明:Cu处于第15杂阶,Ni处于第8杂阶,Si处于第2杂阶,Cu-Ni-Si晶胞的最强键上共价电子数达到了0.45722,这说明合金元素Ni和Si的溶入,能够提高纯铜晶胞的原子键引力,强化铜基体。     

几种6000系汽车板铝合金的结晶相

通过扫描电镜/能谱、X射线衍射以及金相分析,针对几种6000系汽车板铝合金,研究了不同的合金成分对结晶相的影响.结果表明,合金铸造时形成的结晶相为Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3,Al8(FeMnCr)2Si,Al5(FeMnCr)Si,Al4(MnFeCr)3Si2,Al5(MnFeCr)12Si7以及Mg2Si.随Mg/Si,Mg/Cu质量比及Mn含量的增大,Mg2Si和Al(FeMnCr)Si/Al(MnFeCr)Si型结晶相数量增多.均匀化时,除发生Al5(FeMnCr)Si向Al8(FeMnCr)2Si相的转变外,其他结晶相的类型不变.在随后的固溶处理和时效过程中,结晶相不再发生变...     

均匀化处理温度对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相显微镜、X线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析技术,研究均匀化温度对合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:铸态合金由α-Al固溶体和非平衡共晶相组成;490～510℃均匀化,Mg2Si相从过饱和固溶体中析出,在510℃以上均匀化,随着温度的升高,Mg2Si又逐步回溶到基体中,560℃均匀化,Mg2Si相和过剩单质Si完全溶解;随着均匀化温度的升高,非平衡析出物鱼骨状共晶形态逐渐消失,针状β-AlMnFeSi溶解、断裂,转变为具有更高(Mn+Fe)/Si比值颗粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相,析出相在高温均匀化过程中聚集、球化;560℃均匀化,析出物的连续网状结构转变成链状结构,析出物演化为等轴粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相.均匀化过程中合金中析出弥散α-Al(MnFe)Si相;在490～560℃保温6h均匀化处理,温度升高,合金的硬度和电导率分别升高和降低.     

含稀土高硅铝合金的组织特征

为深入研究含稀土(RE)高硅铝合金的组织特征,将质量分数为0.08%P和质量分数为0.6%RE复合变质Al-20%Si-2%Cu-1%Ni-xMg(x=0.4%,0.8%)高硅铝合金浇入金属模具中成形.通过光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等测试方法,分析了该合金的相组成.结果表明:合金中生成Mg2Si相、Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE相、AlCuNi相、AlFeMnSi相等金属间化合物;合金中加入质量分数为0.6%RE能较好地变质共晶Si,但过剩的RE易生成针状的Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE相,该富RE五元化合物的形态在T6热处理前后变化不明显;T6热处理后合金中粗大的AlCuNi相粒状化,且分布较均匀.     

Ca对Mg-12Al-12Zn-2Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X-ray衍射仪、带能谱分析的扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了Ca对Mg-12Al-12Zn-2Si合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入Ca元素后合金中生成了弥散分布的Ca Si2相,可作为Mg2Si相异质形核的核心,将块状和条棒状的Mg2Si颗粒变为细小的多边形块状。当Ca含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,合金中Mg2Si颗粒较细小且弥散分布,此时,合金的室温及高温力学性能达到最大。     

La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.5-x)M_x(M=Si,Zn;x=0～0.5)储氢合金的相结构与电化学性能

研究Si和Zn元素分别部分替代Ni后合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xMx(M=Si,Zn;x=0～0.5)的微观组织及电化学性能.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xSix合金由CaCu5型相、Ce2Ni7型相和LaMgNi4型相组成,随着Si含量增加,CaCu5型相明显增加.La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xZnx合金由CaCu5型相、Ce2Ni7型相和LaNi3型相组成.随着Zn的增加,合金中Ce2Ni7型相逐渐减少,CaCu5型相和LaNi3型相则相应增加.电化学实验表明,2种元素的加入均使得合金的高倍率放电性能下降;Si的加入降低了合金最大放电容量和交换电流密度,但活化次数也随之减少,电化学循环稳定性提高.Zn元素的加入,对合金最大放电容量影响较小.     

铸态和沉积态Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu合金的显微组织与相形成

采用常规铸造和喷射成形工艺制备了含硅达25%(质量分数)的过共晶Al-Si合金,利用SEM(EDS)、XRD和DSC等分析方法对合金的显微组织和相熔解析出进行了分析研究.结果表明,铸态合金含有粗大块状初晶Si相和粗大针片状含铁相,而喷射成形工艺能够使二者的尺寸、形貌发生改变而有利于合金性能的提高.同时,铸态和沉积态合金中均含有基体Al、初晶Si和Al2Cu相,不同的是铸态合金中含铁相主要为δ-Al4FeSi2相,而沉积态合金中以β-Al5FeSi相为主.分析其原因主要是糊状层的存在引起沉积坯冷却速度降低而导致沉积坯中发生δ-Al4FeSi2相的转变及共晶组织增加,致使沉积态合金中β-Al5FeSi相为主要含铁相.采用DSC实验对沉积态合金在熔化和凝固过程中发生的反应进行了讨论.     

Mg-(6～8)A1-0.7Si合金的组织和力学性能分析

通过金相观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析和拉伸实验等方法,研究了Mg-(6~8)A1-0.7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:添加了少量Sb和RE的Mg-(6~8)%A1-0.7%Si的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体、Mg17A l12相、Mg2Si相、Mg3Sb2相和少量针状A l4Si2Mn2Y相组成,并且随着A l含量的增加,试验合金组织中的Mg17A l12相增多,共晶析出物变得更加连续.同时,力学性能的测试结果表明:A l含量变化对于试验合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的影响呈现出不同的变化规律.     

Al-Cu-Mg合金时效初期的价电子结构分析

运用固体与分子经验电子理论(EET),计算了A l-Cu-Mg合金时效初期的偏聚晶胞及其GPB区的价电子结构,并从价电子结构层次分析了A l-Cu-Mg合金时效初期的各种晶胞对合金性能的影响.结果表明:在含有Cu和Mg的偏聚晶胞中,GPB区具有较强的共价键络,能够提高合金的整体强度;在含有空位的偏聚晶胞中,Mg原子的杂阶能级偏低,该晶胞易成为后续析出相的形核胚芽.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with