超声与吹氩处理对钢液中夹杂物去除效果的对比研究

为提高钢的洁净度,减少钢中夹杂物含量,采用超声波工具头直接插入高温钢液进行处理的方法,对比研究了超声波处理和吹氩处理去除钢液中夹杂物的效果.结果表明:超声波单独处理可以减少钢液中Al2O3夹杂物,但去除率较低,约为4%～12%;随着超声处理时间的增加和超声波功率的减小,夹杂物去除率提高.吹氩单独处理时,钢液中夹杂物去除率较高,为29%～41%;随氩气流量的增加,夹杂物去除率呈升高的趋势.     

不同钢包吹氩工艺对夹杂物去除效果的比较

通过对新钢改进钢包吹氩工艺后的钢样电解分析发现,改进后的钢包吹氩工艺对大型夹杂物平均去除率达到了34.3%,特别是对于直径大于300μm的大型夹杂物去除率达到100%.利用扫描电镜对所取金相试样进行了夹杂物分析,确定了钢液中夹杂物的类型主要有:硅酸盐和硫化锰.利用金相显微镜对金相样中的显微夹杂物进行统计分析发现,改进吹氩方案下各个粒径范围的显微夹杂物都有一定减少,由此表明改进吹氩方案对显微夹杂物的去除有显著效果.吹氩的合理与否将直接决定钢液中的大型夹杂物和显微夹杂物的去除率.     

钢液中气泡和夹杂物的去除

熔池中钢液的流动、气泡以及夹杂物的大小都影响着钢液中夹杂物的去除率.研究表明,向上流动的钢液有利于夹杂物的上浮,几乎所有的夹杂物都能在钢液上升流中上浮.向下流动的钢液对夹杂物和气泡的上浮有阻碍作用,当气泡的直径小于1mm时其在钢液中将无法上浮.在钢包精炼吹氩过程中,应使用较小的吹氩量,一方面避免产生过大的气泡而降低底吹气体的利用效率,另一方面减小熔池内的钢液流速,促进气泡和夹杂物的上浮.但吹氩量也不宜过小,必须使气泡保持一定的尺寸来保证其充分上浮.在钢包精炼过程中选择吹氩量时,应综合考虑钢液流速和气泡大小的影响.     

中间包吹氩去除钢水夹杂物

通过现场实验,研究了中间包吹氩位置和氩气流量对钢水洁净度的影响,重点探讨了在注流区吹氩对钢水洁净度的影响.结果表明:在T型中间包注流区内进行合适流量吹氩可提高钢水洁净度,在浇铸区拐角处和塞棒附近吹氩对钢水洁净度没有明显的影响;在注流区内吹氩,合适的氩气流量为6L·min-1,与不吹氩相比,钢中总氧降低率和夹杂物的去除率均可提高10%左右,但15L·min-1的大流量吹氩将会显著增加钢中总氧和大型夹杂物数量.分析认为:注流区内大的湍流强度可将氩气泡击碎成弥散小气泡,大量小气泡在钢液中上浮,不但提高了气泡捕捉夹杂物的概率,而且增加了夹杂物之间的碰撞机会,其结果是增大了夹杂物的粒径,促进了夹杂物的上浮去除;同时,注流区离水口距离最远,在注流区吹氩,碰撞长大的夹杂物有更长的时间上浮排出.以上两个因素的共同作用,使得在注流区吹氩对去除钢水夹杂物有显著效果.     

钢液精炼和连铸过程中物理去除夹杂物现状及展望

夹杂物去除是钢液精炼的重要任务之一。目前与去除夹杂物相关的工艺方法主要有:钢包-电磁搅拌和钢包底吹氩;RH及RH侧底复吹;中间包-控流装置、气幕挡墙和通道电磁感应加热;结晶器电磁搅拌与电磁制动和水口吹氩。本文总结了钢水精炼中各个反应器去除夹杂物的方法和机理,并分析了影响夹杂物去除效率的主要因素,为钢水二次精炼的夹杂物去除工艺优化提供理论依据和参考。     

300t精炼钢包透气砖应用的数学物理模拟

针对300 t精炼钢包,在LF设备电极位置与钢包透气砖所在位置的对应关系确定的基础上,通过水模、数模分别采用单吹、复吹时钢包内钢水流动特性和夹杂物去除的对比研究,探讨了透气砖结构性能的影响作用.结果表明,单吹时应使用抗渗透较好且能形成有利于夹杂物去除的气泡形态狭缝式透气砖(PB1),吹气卷渣临界气量为1.45 m3/h,气量需稳定,混匀时间为82.44 s,钢液渗透小,夹杂物去除率为62.86%,能够满足搅拌钢液起到成分和温度的快速均匀以及净化钢液的作用.     

底吹氩钢包内三维流场的数值模拟

利用商业Phoenics软件对某钢厂230 t 钢包底吹氩精炼钢包内钢液的流场进行数值模拟计算,并从流场分布和湍动能分布等角度分析了不同喷嘴布置和不同吹气量对钢包内钢液混匀效果的影响.结果表明,底吹氩钢包内透气元件采用0.6R-β布置可避免钢液对包壁所造成的严重冲刷,且有利于减少钢包内钢液的混匀时间,从而获得较为理想的搅拌效果.     

钢包在线底吹氩及夹杂去除的物理模拟研究

采用物理模拟的方法,研究钢包在线底吹氩时,钢包内钢液量、渣层厚度、底吹气体流量等参数对钢包顶部钢液裸露面积的影响,以及钢包在线底吹氩工艺对钢液中夹杂去除率的影响。结果表明,钢包临界卷渣底吹气体流量随着浇铸的进行而逐渐减小;在钢液量相同时,钢包顶部钢液裸露面积随着底吹气体流量的增加而逐渐增大;在底吹气体流量相同时,钢包顶部钢液裸露面积随着钢液液面高度的下降而逐渐减小;渣层越厚,钢液裸露面积越小;在底吹气体流量较小时,透气砖无堵塞与堵塞50%时造成的钢液裸露面积大小相近,但随着底吹气体流量的增加,透气砖堵塞50%时较无堵塞时造成的钢液裸露面积大;钢包在线底吹氩可以提高钢液中夹杂物的去除率。     

软吹氩流量对LF精炼ML08AL钢液中夹杂物的影响

为实现钢液的洁净化,在安泰集团90tBOF-90tLF-150×150mm~2CC生产线上,调整LF精炼中软吹氩流量,并在不同精炼工序和结晶器中取样,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)的分析结果,研究软吹氩流量对ML08Al钢液中夹杂物行为及钙处理对夹杂物的影响。研究结果表明:250~300L/min的软吹氩流量能有效地脱除钢液中的夹杂物,对10μm的夹杂物脱除效果显著;在软吹前后,夹杂物平均尺寸从2.34μm减小到1.18μm,夹杂物面积分数从3 467.7μm~2/mm~2降低到413μm~2/mm~2.当软吹流量达到340L/min时,夹杂物的面积分数急剧上升,脱除效果变差。钙处理把铝脱氧产生的高熔点脆性Al_2O_3和MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物变性为低熔点的钙铝酸盐类夹杂物;部分夹杂物变性为芯部是Al_2O_3外部包裹CaS的小尺寸球状复合夹杂物。     

钢包底吹氩方式对LF精炼的影响

采用FLUENT大型商业软件和水模拟装置对某厂50tLF炉底吹氩喷嘴的布置方式进行了数值模拟和水模拟研究.分别讨论了单孔、双孔中心对称和双孔轴对称三种底吹氩喷嘴布置方式对钢液混匀时间的影响和钢液表面的卷渣情况.结果表明,在相同的吹氩量下,采用双孔轴对称底吹氩钢液混匀时间最短,在整个钢包内部及表面,钢液流动速度均匀而稳定,基本消除了搅拌死区,可以有效防止钢液卷渣,并为夹杂物的去除提供良好的动力学条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has