惠州地区蛾类调查初报

初步鉴定出惠州地区蛾类14科,248种。其中夜蛾科71种,螟蛾科50种,天蛾科36种,尺蛾科27种,毒蛾科21种,灯蛾科13种,鹿蛾科9种,斑蛾科7种,枯叶蛾科5种,大蚕蛾科4种,箩纹蛾科、带蛾科和木蠹蛾科分别1种。根据调查结果,对该地区蛾类昆虫的区系结构进行了分析,该地区蛾类昆虫以东洋界种为主。     

北京松山自然保护区卷蛾科昆虫区系分析

卷蛾科隶属于鳞翅目卷蛾总科,全世界已记载9000余种,许多种类是农林业重要害虫.2010-2013年连续四年对松山自然保护区进行了野外调查和灯诱采集,共获得标本3700号,隶属于37属69种.区系分析表明:(1)松山保护区卷蛾科昆虫以古北界成分具明显优势,同时与东洋界有密切联系.(2)松山保护区卷蛾科昆虫区华北区种类具绝对优势,与华中区、蒙新区、东北区联系最为密切.     

长白山自然保护区灯蛾科昆虫区系及多样性研究

2003—2004年对长白山自然保护区灯蛾科昆虫进行了系统调查,共采集到灯蛾科昆虫40种,隶属2亚科22属.长白山自然保护区灯蛾科昆虫以古北-东洋共有种为主,并包含少量的新北成分,优势种为四点苔蛾.灯蛾科昆虫物种多样性具有明显的垂直分布格局:阔叶红松林植被带多样性、丰富度均最高,随着海拔高度的升高,相应植被带内灯蛾科昆虫种类逐渐减少,个体数量上亦呈减少趋势;在时间分布上,全年以7月份的物种多样性最高,各月份由高到低的顺序依次是7月6月8月5月9月;长白山各植被带之间灯蛾科昆虫类群组成极不相似.     

河北雾灵山森林景观蛾类组成与多样性分析

2015年5—9月,通过对河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区7个样点进行森林昆虫多样性普查,初步鉴定得到蛾类昆虫23科436种.针对该结果,使用Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Whittaker多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数对其中分布较广的11科进行群落多样性分析,结果发现:雾灵山不同生境下蛾类昆虫多样性由大到小依次为针阔混交林带、农田带、寒温性针叶林带;不同海拔条件下物种多样性大小顺序为1 000~1 500m、500m以下、500~1 000m、1 500m以上;不同月份的物种多样性大小顺序为7月、8月、6月和5月.通过对五岔沟不同月份的物种多样性进行单独分析,发现该样点物种多样性情况与保护区整体不同,多样性大小顺序为7月、6月、8月.对不同的环境因素进行β多样性分析,发现蛾类昆虫的多样性受生境影响最大.综上,雾灵山蛾类昆虫的物种多样性和均匀度在各因素下差别不大,表明保护区整体环境良好,受人为干扰影响较小.     

佛坪画家级自然保护区蛾类名录初报

佛坪国家级自然保护区位于陕西省佛坪县境内,主要保护物种为大熊猫、羚牛、金丝猴等。1996－1998年我们对保护区的林木害虫进行调查,其中鳞翅目蛾类昆虫计有16科,116种。     

河北辽河源自然保护区蛾类多样性

2015年5-8月对河北省辽河源自然保护区灯下蛾类及主要种类的发生情况进行了调查,获得标本21科417种1539头.其季节发生情况是:尺蛾科在整个调查期内处于优势;灯蛾科为5月份优势种;夜蛾科为6、8月份优势种;尺蛾科在7月份发生数量较大.结果显示,该保护区蛾类发生以5月最低,7月最高,各月份间差距不大;该保护区的蛾类群落多样性指数与均匀度不一致,群落的种—多度关系接近于对数正态分布模型,说明该保护区的生态环境良好.     

后河国家级自然保护区蝶类名录及区系的初步研究

报道了后河国家级自然保护区蝶类名录．该地区蝴蝶共有106种,隶属9科55属．凤蝶科3属8种,环蝶科1属1种,喙蝶科1属1种,粉蝶科7属13种,眼蝶科6属21种,蛱蝶科16属32种,灰蝶科7属10种,弄蝶科13属19种,蚬蝶科1属1种．其中,有20种为湖北省新记录．根据调查结果,对蝶类的区系结构进行了分析,该地区蝴蝶以东洋种为主。     

铁布自然保护区的鱼类、两栖类和爬行类

1986年至1999年对铁布自然保护区的鱼类、两栖类和爬行类调查结果显示,该保护区有鱼类3科7属10种,两栖类有4科6属6种,爬行类有3科4属4种．对它们的区系组成和生态分布进行了讨论．     

佛坪自然保护区的蝗虫种类分布与危害

对陕西省佛坪自然保护区进行昆虫资料调查结果,采集标本２万侏,经整理鉴定有直翅目蝗虫２总科,６个科,１８个属,２０种,文中对该地区蝗虫区系分布特征与危害状况作了初步分析。     

山西省羽蛾科(昆虫纲:鳞翅目)昆虫初报及分析

依据实物标本,记述了山西省羽蛾科昆虫3亚科11属23种,其中包括8个未鉴定种.给出了所有种的已知寄主、国内外分布及天敌,初步分析了山西省羽蛾科昆虫分布状况.     

Electroantennogram responses of an invasive species fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) to host volatile compounds

Electroantennogram responses of fall webworms(Hyphantria cunea) to 55 host volatile compounds were conducted.Results showed that male moths were more responsive to trans-2-hexenyl acetate,nonanal,hexanal,trans-2-hexenal,hexanol,isoamyl acetate,acetic acid cis-3-hexenyl ester,ethyl acetoacetate,citronellal and(+)-citronellal,and females were more responsive to hexanol,hexanal,acetophenone,isoamyl acetate,nonanal,trans-2-hexenal,acetic acid cis-3-hexenyl ester,citronellal,cis-3-hexen1-ol and trans-2-hexen-1-ol.Seven bioactive compounds were also selected for further dosage response experiments,and a positive correlation was found between the fall webworm and the tested compounds.A maximum dosage level of 1000 g was tested and found to elicit significantly higher activity from male moths compared with lower(1,10,100 g) concentrations.     

宁夏贺兰山蛾类区系调查及多样性分析

通过调查,共获得贺兰山自然保护区蛾类标本7 000余号.已鉴定的种类为15科144属186种,夜蛾科的种数最多,其次是螟蛾科、尺蛾科和卷蛾科.区系分析结果表明,贺兰山自然保护区蛾类以古北种为主,表明其具有很强的古北区特征,广布种次之,东洋种最少.根据中国地理区划,贺兰山蛾类除了自身的蒙新区特点外,与东北区、华北区联系最为密切.4个生境的多样性指数H′由大到小依次为山麓荒漠化草原、山前草原化荒漠、针叶林层、山地草原;均匀度指数J′由大到小依次为山麓荒漠化草原、山地草原、山前草原化荒漠、针叶林层;优势集中性指数C由大到小依次为山地草原、山麓荒漠化草原、针叶林层、山前草原化荒漠.     

Multimodal warning signals for a multiple predator world

Aposematism is an anti-predator defence, dependent on a predator's ability to associate unprofitable prey with a prey-borne signal. Multimodal signals should vary in efficacy according to the sensory systems of different predators; however, until now, the impact of multiple predator classes on the evolution of these signals had not been investigated. Here, using a community-level molecular phylogeny to generate phylogenetically independent contrasts, we show that warning signals of tiger moths vary according to the seasonal and daily activity patterns of birds and bats-predators with divergent sensory capacities. Many tiger moths advertise chemical defence using conspicuous colouration and/or ultrasonic clicks. During spring, when birds are active and bats less so, we found that tiger moths did not produce ultrasonic clicks. Throughout both spring and summer, tiger moths most active during the day were visually conspicuous. Those species emerging later in the season produced ultrasonic clicks; those that were most nocturnal were visually cryptic. Our results indicate that selective pressures from multiple predator classes have distinct roles in the evolution of multimodal warning displays now effective against a single predator class. We also suggest that the evolution of acoustic warning signals may lack the theoretical difficulties associated with the origination of conspicuous colouration.     

大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺分子种组成分析

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)在反相Prodigy ODS(3)柱上，以甲醇-氯仿-乙腈-水为流动相，梯度洗脱程序分析了大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺的分子种组成，蒸发光散射检测器用做HPLC峰的检测，峰面积归一化法定量。组分定性由气．相色谱(GC)测定的HPLC峰的脂肪酸组成确定。分析结果表明，大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺由9个分子种组成，其中C18：2C18：2,C18：1C18：2,C16：0C18：2，C16：0C18：1，C18：0C18：2分子种是主要组分。     

中国织蛾三新种记述(鳞翅目:织蛾科)

报道了采自河南和陕西的织蛾３新种,即：多斑露织蛾Ｅｎｄｒｏｓｉｓ ｍａｃｕｌｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,河南棱织蛾Ｄｅｕｔｅｒｏｇｏｎｉａ ｈｅｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。和黑泥织蛾Ｐｅｌｏｃｈａｒｅｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。多斑露织哦Ｅｎｄｒｏｓｉｓ ｍａｃｕｌｏｓａ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ与Ｅｎｄｒｏｓｉｓ ｓａｒｃｔｒｅｌｌａ（Ｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ）相似,主要区别在于前者的颚形突不呈喙状,末端     

上海淀山湖的浮游植物

淀山湖是上海市最大的淡水湖泊和主要水源地．自2003年8月至2004年5月对淀山湖进行了4次浮游植物的调查采样,共发现浮游植物8门68属160种（包括变种）．其中绿藻门种类最多,有36属99种,占全部种类的61．88％;其次为硅藻门,有18属31种;裸藻门有3属15种;蓝藻门有4属7种;隐藻门有2属3种;甲藻门有2属2种;金藻门有2属2种;黄藻门有1属1种．并对该水体中浮游植物的季节变化、优势种、群落结构特征进行了初步讨论．     

Electrophysiology and behavior feedback of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella, to volatile secondary metabolites emitted by Chinese cabbage

The volatiles, absorbed by Porapak Q and eluted by hexane, from Chinese cabbage, Brassica campestris chinesis (L.) Makino. var. communis Tsen et Lee, have been identified as allyl isothiocyanate, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, 2,5-hexanediol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, nonanol, b-myrcene, a-pinene, E-2-hexen-1-ol, D-limonene, Z-3-hexenyl propanoate, linalool, geraniol, E-4-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl isovalerate, a-terpinene, b-caryophyllene, 3-carene and a-caryophyllene, by their mass spectra and retention times in comparison with authentic samples. The first five chemicals are the main components. All components can elicite electroantennogram (EAG) responses of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, in which allyl isothiocyanate and C₆ alcohols and esters, i.e. Z-3-hexen-1-ol, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-4-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl isovalerate and 2,5-hexanediol elicite stronger EAG responses than other components, and EAG responses of female moths to them are slightly larger than those of male moths. However, EAG responses elicited by terpenes are smaller, and EAG responses from females to terpenes are smaller than those from males, but b-myrcene can evoke stronger EAG responses from both females and males. Volatiles from intact Chinese cabbage, allyl isothiocyanate, 2,5-hexanediol and Z-3-hexenyl isovalerate intensely cause DBM directional flying and landing in wind tunnel, in which volatiles from intact Chinese cabbage have the strongest activity, and the next is allyl isothiocyanate. Allyl isothiocyanate is more attractive to females than to males a bit. As for a-terpinene and other subordinate components, EAG and wind tunnel test make sure they have weak activity.     

山西天蛾昆虫及区系分析

文章纪录了山西省天蛾科昆虫共５４种和亚种，分隶于２６个属，其中有省内新纪录３种。区系分析表明，山西省天蛾科昆虫在世界动物地理区系中可分为９个分布类型，其中以古北、东洋两界共有种类居多，占到４０．３８％，其次是古北界种类，占３６．５４％；在中国动物地理区系中可分为２０个类型，并集中分布于东北、华北、蒙新复合区内，计９种，占１７．３１％。文末对山西省境内的天蛾科昆虫的区划进行了详细的讨论     

河南省鳞翅目昆虫分科研究

本文系统报导了河南省已知鳞翅目昆虫843种,隶属于50个科,其中蛾类707种、占81.3%,蝶类138种,占18.7%,编制了河南省鳞翅目昆虫分科检索表.     

基于18S rDNA序列研究腺介虫亚目系统发育关系

基于1 720 bp的18S rRNA基因序列以Darwinula sp.和Cytherelloidea. munechikai为外群,采用最大简约法（MP法）和邻接法（NJ法）对腺介虫亚目（Cypridocopina）3总科5科9种动物的系统发育关系进行了分析.结果表明：1） 现生腺介虫亚目动物为单系群;2） 两种营海水生活的介形类—海介虫总科（Pontocypridoidea）和大介虫总科（Macrocypridoidea）间的亲缘关系较近;3） 现生腺介虫总科（Cypridoidea）也为单系群,但该总科内各科间关系较复杂,主要分为两支,其中腺介虫科的Dolerocypris sp.与萤光介虫科的Candona holzkanpfi聚成一支;而萤光介虫科的Cypria crenulata和泥介虫科的Ilyocypris. angulata同时与腺介虫科其它动物聚为一支.