水口结瘤堵塞机理的探讨

结瘤堵塞物主要来自钢水内原已存在的高熔点夹杂,由于它们与钢水不润湿,在流经水口时,若遇上能满足(cosQ粒+cosθ料<0)式的水口材质,就会粘附到水口表面上。为了防止水口结瘤,除尽量降低高熔点固体颗粒的数量、改变其物化特性外,选用易被钢水润湿的水口材质,将是有效的。     

多流水方坯连铸中间罐内液体流动状态的研究

采用刺激－响应法技术，对多流水方坯连铸中间罐内液体的混合与流动状态以及夹杂物排除规律进行了研究，测定了停留时间，分布函数和曲线以及温度分布。实验结果表明：对３流以上的多流连铸中间罐，选用梯形结构，其内设置适当的流股控制系统后，流体的混合与流动得到改善，各水口区流股特性趋于一致，中间罐内注流温度分布均匀，平均停留时间增长，夹杂上浮率大于９９．９８％。     

含钛高强钢中夹杂物析出行为研究

以不同钛含量(0.032%~0.153%)的高强钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS等对钢中氧化物及氮化物夹杂的形貌、组成、数量及尺寸分布进行表征,结合热力学与动力学计算,对TiN的析出行为进行分析。结果表明,当钢中Ti含量较低(0.032%)时,冶炼过程会形成富含MgAl_2O_4的多边形高熔点固态夹杂,易造成水口堵塞;当Ti含量大于0.106%时,钢中形成了富含TiAl_2O_5的液态球形夹杂,可通过上浮去除,不易堵塞水口;Ca处理能将低钛钢中的夹杂改性为低熔点的铝酸钙,不仅降低了水口堵塞风险,还能还原夹杂物中的Ti,提高Ti的收得率。含钛高强钢中夹杂物平均尺寸为1~2μm,氮化物平均尺寸为1~3μm,其均随着Ti含量的增加而稍有增加。当Ti含量小于0.04%时,将钢中N含量控制在0.0018%以下,能有效减小TiN的析出尺寸;当Ti含量大于0.1%时,实际工业生产中很难阻止TiN的液析,但可通过提高钢中细小氧化物的数量,来细化TiN的尺寸。     

38CrMoAl高铝钢钢水可浇性控制

38CrMoAl高铝钢由于Al含量较高([Al]=0.7%～1.1%,质量分数),在连铸过程中容易导致水口的堵塞,因此需要对钢中Al2O3夹杂物进行形态控制,保证钢水的可浇性.热力学计算和实验研究结果显示:钢中高含量的Al对渣中即使少量的SiO2都具有较强的还原性;不采用传统的精炼喂钙线工艺,而进行转炉出钢过程渣洗操作,能将高熔点的Al2O3转变为低熔点的球状钙铝酸盐夹杂.同时,采用CaO--Al2O3基中间包覆盖剂,以避免钢渣反应导致钢中夹杂物含量增加.工业性试验结果表明,钢水洁净度较高,可浇性好,连续浇注5炉后,水口内壁基本无结瘤现象.     

利用脉冲电流控制水口堵塞的研究

控制水口堵塞不仅有利于提高生产效率,而且有利于降低生产成本和改善钢材产品质量。通过在浸入式水口与塞棒间施加低密度脉冲电流,浇注实验后发现脉冲电流处理水口的内壁平滑,夹杂物附着程度明显低于无脉冲处理水口。因此,利用脉冲电流处理控制水口堵塞是一项提高水口使用寿命的有效方法。     

钙处理钢水浸入式水口堵塞成因分析

基于对钙处理钢浇铸过程水口堵塞实物显微组织结构的观察,对钙处理钢水浸入式水口堵塞成因进行了分析,提出防止水口堵塞的措施.结果发现,CaO·6 Al2O3和CaO·2Al2O3是水口主要堵塞物;水口内壁氧化铝层一方面来源于水口内表层的基质料,另一方面来源于水口耐火材料与钢中[Al]s的反应产物,所形成的氧化铝层和钢中钙反应生成难溶的铝酸钙,同时吸附钢中铝酸钙夹杂而造成水口堵塞.防止水口堵塞的有效措施是进行钙处理、提高钢水纯净度以及改善水口材质和形状.     

CAS-OB钢水同时降低[Al]_s,[O]和T.O的实验研究

为防止常规ＣＡＳ－ＯＢ铝热法精炼钢水时［Ａｌ］ｓ和Ｔ［Ａｌ］过高而导致连铸时中间包水口 堵塞,对用Ａｌ－ＣａＯ处理钢水进行了实验结果表明：用Ａｌ－ＣａＯ脱氧能够同时降低钢中溶解氧、 总氧（１０×１０－６～３０×１０－６）和酸溶铝量（７×１０－６～１２×１０－６）,并能控制钢中夹杂物的形态、数量和分布．     

连铸电磁旋流水口流体流动和夹杂物行为

采用数值模拟方法对连铸电磁旋流水口内流体流动和夹杂物碰撞长大行为进行了研究.数值结果表明电磁旋流水口出口处流体流动扩张角与低熔点合金实验值相符.旋转磁场对浸入式水口内壁夹杂物沉积行为存在两个相反的作用：一方面旋转磁场作用加强了水口壁面处钢液的湍流流动,加速了夹杂物在水口内壁的沉积吸附速率;另一方面水口内壁附近夹杂物在旋转磁场产生的旋流作用下易被携带至水口中心,削弱了水口内壁对夹杂物的黏附.在上述两方面因素作用下,钢液区存在一个最佳磁感应强度可使水口内壁夹杂物沉积速率降至最低,从而减轻水口结瘤现象.     

防止连铸中间包水口堵塞的影响因素

由于中间包水口的直径小于钢包水口的直径,所以中间包水口堵塞是连铸严重的生产事故。水口堵塞使拉速降低甚至注流中断,还可造成振痕增加,恶化铸坯的表面质量和内部质量,在这段时间内拉出的铸坯将降级或报废,并增加粘结漏钢的危险。中间包水口内的粘附物还可引起浸入式水口偏流,引起裹渣,产生裂纹等。水口堵塞是由钢液中高熔点化合物Al2O3、CaS、Al2O3.MgO、AlN在水口内壁上沉淀引起的。防止水口堵塞的影响因素可从以下几方面阐述。     

ANS—OB法精炼钢水配小方坯连铸防止水口结瘤

ＡＮＳ－ＯＢ法精钢水进行小方坯连铸，对非正常浇注的中间包水口结瘤物和正常浇注过程中的钢水试样，用金相法及电子扫描电镜进行物相分析，确定了结瘤物的组成，并根据试验结果，找出了水口结瘤的主要原因，当ＡＮＳ－ＯＢ铝热法精馏钢水中「Ａｌ」ｓ〉０．００２％和「Ａｌ」Ｔ〉０．００６％时，就发生堵水口现象，采用最佳操作工艺参数和钙处理，是防止小方坯连铸中间包水口结瘤的有利措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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