天然高岭土对Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ni~(2+),Cu~(2+)的吸附及解吸性能研究

探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、重金属离子初始质量浓度、离子强度以及竞争吸附等因素对天然高岭土吸附水中Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+等重金属离子的影响.结果表明,pH、初始质量浓度、离子强度以及共存离子,是影响高岭土吸附重金属离子的主要因素;高岭土对Pb2+的吸附性能明显优于其它3种重金属离子,顺序为:Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Ni2+＞Cu2+;吸附等温线均符合Freundlich型等温方程,说明高岭土对这几种离子都是典型的单分子层吸附;Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+离子解吸量大小顺序为:Pb2+＜Ni2+＜Cu2+＜Cd2+.     

极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)对六种重金属离子的生物吸附作用

研究了极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)对Ag 、Cu2 、Mn2 、Ni2 、Pb2 和Zn2 等六种重金属离子的吸附作用.结果表明在pH5.5,吸附时间2h,重金属离子浓度为50mg/l的条件下,极大螺旋藻对六种重金属离子均有较强的吸附作用,其中对Ag 的吸附作用最强,吸附率为92.87%;对Ni2 的吸附作用最弱,吸附率为40.70%.极大螺旋藻对这6种离子的吸附能力依次为Ag ＞Pb2 ＞Zn2 ＞Cu2 ＞Mn2 ＞Ni2 .     

非活性马尾藻对水中Cd2+和Ni2+的生物吸附及脱附研究

【目的】以马尾藻粉为生物吸附剂,研究其在静态实验中对Cd2＋ 和Ni2＋ 的吸附及脱附能力,并对吸附速度、动力学、重金属选择性和吸附剂再生等问题进行探讨.【方法】采用单因素法分析pH 值、初始浓度、平衡离子类型等条件因素对重金属吸附容量的影响,采用准一级和准二级动力学模型对Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的吸附数据进行拟合.【结果】Cd2＋ 的最佳吸附条件为pH 值4.5、初始浓度500mg/L、平衡离子为NO3ˉ,Ni2＋ 的最佳吸附条件为pH 值3.0、初始浓度900mg/L、平衡离子为Clˉ;Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的吸附平衡到达时间分别为50min和25min;准二级动力学模型对吸附数据的拟合效果更好,相关系数（犚2 ）均大于0.99;对混合溶液中不同重金属的选择性吸附顺序为Pb2＋ 〉Ni2＋ 〉Cd2＋ 〉Mn2＋ ;1.0mol/L HCl对Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的理论洗脱率均可达到99%.【结论】马尾藻粉对Cd2＋ 和Ni2＋ 的吸附容量大,吸附条件温和,重金属脱附率高,是一种性能良好的生物吸附剂.     

非活性马尾藻对水中Cd~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的生物吸附及脱附研究

【目的】以马尾藻粉为生物吸附剂,研究其在静态实验中对Cd2+和Ni 2+的吸附及脱附能力,并对吸附速度、动力学、重金属选择性和吸附剂再生等问题进行探讨。【方法】采用单因素法分析pH值、初始浓度、平衡离子类型等条件因素对重金属吸附容量的影响,采用准一级和准二级动力学模型对Cd2+、Ni 2+的吸附数据进行拟合。【结果】Cd2+的最佳吸附条件为pH值4.5、初始浓度500mg/L、平衡离子为NO3ˉ,Ni 2+的最佳吸附条件为pH值3.0、初始浓度900mg/L、平衡离子为Clˉ;Cd2+、Ni 2+的吸附平衡到达时间分别为50min和25min;准二级动力学模型对吸附数据的拟合效果更好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99;对混合溶液中不同重金属的选择性吸附顺序为Pb2+Ni 2+Cd2+Mn2+;1.0mol/L HCl对Cd2+、Ni 2+的理论洗脱率均可达到99%。【结论】马尾藻粉对Cd2+和Ni 2+的吸附容量大,吸附条件温和,重金属脱附率高,是一种性能良好的生物吸附剂。     

含醚键离子交换树脂对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附性能研究

研究了含醚键的离子交换树脂对重金属离子Cu2 和Pb2 的吸附性能,分析了该离子交换树脂的吸附动力学,对吸附时间、Cu2 离子和Pb2 离子浓度及pH值等因素对该树脂吸附性能的影响作了系统考察,并对该离子交换树脂的吸附机理及再生方法进行了初步探讨.结果表明,在温度为25℃、pH值为4.5的条件下,该离子交换树脂对Cu2 和Pb2 离子的吸附容量可达到2.3 mol/kg左右,去除率均可达到97.5%以上,并适合处理含低浓度Cu2 离子或Pb2 离子的废水.吸附了重金属离子的离子交换树脂可用5%～10%的盐酸再生并回收重金属离子.图2,表4,参10.     

海藻酸钠吸附铜离子的研究

研究了用海藻酸钠作为吸附剂去除水相中的Cu2 ,以及吸附过程中试验条件对吸附效果的影响·结果表明:吸附过程在10min左右就达到了平衡;在pH=6时吸附效果达到最佳;吸附温度以30℃左右为宜;海藻酸钠对Cu2 吸附的最大负载量为144～150mg/g·铜离子去除率的大小与水相中铜离子的初始质量浓度有关,对含铜量较高的水样(如铜离子质量浓度为800mg/L),海藻酸钠对溶液中Cu2 的去除率最高达81%,对含铜量较低的水样(如铜离子质量浓度为40mg/L),Cu2 的去除率达99 5%;因此采用海藻酸钠进行二次吸附,溶液中的Cu2 的残余质量浓度低于国家污水综合排放标准中铜离子的最高允许排放质量浓度·     

真菌吸附重金属离子的研究

利用黑曲霉和简青霉制备生物吸附剂,研究了它们对重金属Pb2 离子和Cd2 离子的吸附、解吸行为以及实验条件对吸附的影响,包括吸附剂用量、溶液pH值、吸附时间以及共存离子等因素.结果表明,黑曲霉和简青霉吸附Pb2 离子的最适pH值均为5,吸附Cd2 离子时均为3.二者对Pb2 离子的吸附均在4 h达到平衡,吸附量分别为29.07 mg·g-1和36.65 mg·g-1.Cd2 离子吸附也在约4 h达到最大吸附量,分别为26 mg·g-1和26.5mg·g-1.溶液中Zn2 离子和Cd2 离子的存在都会降低Pb2 离子的吸附量.2种吸附剂对Pb2 离子的吸附都符合Langmuir等温线模型,而对Cd2 离子的吸附都较为符合Freundlich等温线模型.1 mol/L HNO3对吸附有Pb2 离子的黑曲霉和简青霉进行解吸,解吸率分别可达77.4%和92.3%.     

食用菌菌糠对重金属离子的吸附性

利用廉价生物吸附剂去除污水中Pb2+和Zn2+的技术,研究了食用菌菌糠的吸附特性,调查污水pH、重金属初始浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和温度对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在食用菌菌糠吸附剂用量分别为16g/L和12g/L,pH值分别为5和6,初始重金属质量浓度为20mg/L,吸附时间为3h,25℃条件下,达到了最大吸附量,对Pb2+和Zn2+的去除率分别达到92.79%和88.96%,处理后的Pb2+和Zn2+质量浓度分别为1.442mg/L和2.208mg/L,接近污水综合排放标准(GB8978—1996)中的排放质量浓度1mg/L和2mg/L.食用菌菌糠对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附等温线符合Fleundlich模式.     

蒙脱石对Cu2+吸附性能及吸附工艺条件优化研究

从蒙脱石的提纯入手,进行了蒙脱石吸附Cu2+实验研究,结果表明蒙脱石对水中Cu2+的吸附性能主要受振荡速度、吸附时间、溶液pH值及吸附剂用量等因素的影响,30℃时蒙脱石对水中Cu2+的吸附等温曲线同时符合Langmuir方程和BET方程.在本实验条件下,蒙脱石对Cu2+(20 mL,Cu2+质量浓度均为50 mg/L)的最佳吸附工艺条件为振荡速度50 r/min,吸附时间60 min,吸附剂用量0.08 g,溶液pH为6.0,此时去除率达到99.2%.     

柚子皮生物吸附剂的制备及其对重金属铅离子的吸附应用

废弃的柚子皮中富含大量的木质素、纤维素、多糖及果胶等成分,因而具有与重金属发生作用的功能团,可作为重金属离子的吸附剂。研究以柚子皮粉和经过碱化改性、酯化改性、壳聚糖交联处理的柚子皮粉为吸附剂对铅离子(Pb2+)的吸附情况进行比较,选择出最佳改性处理方法;然后考察最佳改性后的吸附剂在不同的吸附条件下,即吸附时间、吸附温度、Pb2+的初始浓度、吸附时的pH和吸附剂的用量对吸附效率的影响,探究出最佳的吸附剂使用条件;最后探究了吸附剂的吸附动力学特性。结果表明:碱化改性的柚子皮吸附剂在pH为4~6、温度为45℃、吸附剂的投加量为10 g/L、吸附时间为60 min、Pb2+初始浓度约为140 mg/L的条件下,对Pb2+的吸附效果最佳,吸附效率达到92%以上。吸附动力学方程为t/qt=0.207 3+0.103 5 t。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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